Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
  • B29B13/00—Conditioning or physical treatment of the material to be shaped
  • B29B13/08—Conditioning or physical treatment of the material to be shaped by using wave energy or particle radiation
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
  • B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
  • B29B17/0026—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics by agglomeration or compacting
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
  • B29B13/00—Conditioning or physical treatment of the material to be shaped
  • B29B13/02—Conditioning or physical treatment of the material to be shaped by heating
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
  • B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
  • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
  • B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
  • B29B7/58—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
  • B29B7/60—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations for feeding, e.g. end guides for the incoming material
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
  • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
  • B29B7/80—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
  • B29B7/82—Heating or cooling
  • B29B7/826—Apparatus therefor
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
  • B29C48/78—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling
  • B29C48/80—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling at the plasticising zone, e.g. by heating cylinders
  • B29C48/83—Heating or cooling the cylinders
  • B29C48/832—Heating
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
  • B29C48/78—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling
  • B29C48/80—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling at the plasticising zone, e.g. by heating cylinders
  • B29C48/83—Heating or cooling the cylinders
  • B29C48/834—Cooling
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
  • B29C35/08—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation
  • B29C35/0805—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation
  • B29C2035/0822—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation using IR radiation
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
  • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
  • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
  • Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling

Definitions

• the invention relates to the design of devices with which bulk materials containing stretched thermoplastics can be heat-treated in such a way that the stretched thermoplastic passes through the area of their relaxation (thermal recovery, shrinkage) during the treatment.
• the relaxation of stretched thermoplastics can advantageously be used in the preparation of stretched thermoplastics for recycling, for example to increase the bulk density or for embrittlement.
• the apparatus can also be used to heat-treat batches containing various plastics in which a certain type of thermoplastic in the batch is to be selectively softened and the batch is then to be transferred to subsequent devices in the softened and warm state.
• thermoplastics of their type are selectively relaxed within a batch flow, whereby selective selective changes in physical properties are brought about, which, on the one hand then enable automatic sorting.
• Methods are known from WO 94/00241 and WO 93/17852, in which certain types of thermoplastic are selectively softened in a batch flow containing various plastics and these are then sorted automatically in further process steps on the basis of the physical property changes caused.
• a device in which previously shredded PS foams are used as particles Vibration promotion can be transported individually.
• Infrared heat emitters attached above the conveyor line temper the material to be conveyed, whereby it is transferred into the area of its relaxation and shrinked in the process.
• the surface of the vibration conveyor is cooled in order to avoid overheating of the surface by the IR radiation, which would lead to melting of the conveyed material particles and sticking of the melted particles to the surface and thus to a process interruption.
• the process duration is determined in addition to the size of the particles to be treated, the distance of the IR radiation elements from the conveying surface, the installed cooling capacity and the resulting conveying speed.
• the object of the present invention is to enable selective relaxation or selective softening of thermoplastics which are also present in a mixture with other types of plastic by machine technology in continuous operation in such a way that targeted and rapid temperature control of plastic parts can take place in temperature ranges which are to be kept as precisely as possible.
• the object is achieved according to the invention in that the principle of conveying with screws is used for transporting the pourable batch flow and the heat input for tempering the conveyed material is advantageously effected by heat radiation during transport in the screw or screw tube conveyor.
• the material is generally circulated at least in the area of contact of the material to be conveyed with the shear-effective flank of the screw.
• This circulation effect is particularly pronounced in screw tube conveyors, since the trough wall is also moved here.
• the circulation supports uniform temperature control of the material being conveyed.
• the conveying behavior of screws has a particularly positive effect, since due to the change in density, particles that have already relaxed preferentially push downward and the particles still to be relaxed thus reach the area of direct IR radiation.
• process steps preceding or following the actual temperature control process can also be carried out mechanically connected in one unit.
• the most exact possible uniform loading of the temperature control section should be aimed at in all temperature control processes.
• this is made possible, for example, by the provision of a cellular wheel sluice (cf. GB-A-1 313 203).
• a metering zone which can be implemented professionally, other screw zones which are advantageous for the tasks are described in the further course of the description.
• Figures la to le show different cross-sectional arrangements of the infrared emitters (IR emitters) in relation to the screw.
• the screw is designed as a full screw in the figures as an example.
• Other screw shapes such as Screw conveyor, paddle screw or the like, which also sometimes have the advantage that the IR radiation to the material being conveyed is less covered, can also be carried out.
• a trough screw is shown in FIG.
• the flat IR emitters in curved design 5 are attached at an angle between the upper part of the trough screw 3 and the cover 4, which is generally removable.
• the walls of the screw trough and the screw itself are expediently coated in an IR-reflective manner or made of IR-reflective material such as aluminum in order to increase the proportion of IR radiation effective in the material within the material bed.
• rod-shaped elements 6 are used as IR emitters same place as in Figure la attached.
• rod-shaped IR radiators 6 can be attached, for example, inside the worm shaft of the worm 2, provided that the shaft is hollow and corresponding openings are made for the outlet of the IR radiation so that the material to be conveyed through the IR Radiation is applied.
• Reflector 7 attached to optimally focus the radiation on the material to be conveyed and to keep the screw shaft as far as possible out of the direct radiation area.
• a tubular casing 9 is implemented as the worm housing.
• Windows made of, for example, IR-permeable quartz glass are inserted into the jacket, behind which IR radiators 8 are mounted.
• a cooling medium which is also IR-permeable (for example air) can flow through the windows in order to prevent the windows from overheating.
• the windows can be installed both above and below the level of the material to be conveyed.
• Figure le shows a meshing twin screw 10 as a conveyor element.
• the IR emitters 6 are attached here under the cover of the trough screw.
• a heating winding 11 is shown in FIG. 1f as a supplementary element for tempering the conveyed material.
• the heating coil can be heated, for example, electrically or by steam, oil, water or other heat-carrying media.
• the heating winding 11 can cover parts of the screw housing 1 or the tubular casing 9, as shown in FIG. 1d.
• the thermal energy for the heating winding 11 can, for example, also be partially obtained by using waste heat from cooling areas of further process steps. Coupling heat with other, spatially adjacent systems can also be useful.
• a temperature control section based on conveyors with screws can be coupled on the input side to a so-called feed and metering zone of the same screw.
• the material is fed via a funnel to a screw initially designed as a full screw.
• the feed zone is designed in such a way that exactly the amount of material that is desired as the degree of filling in the further course of the screw, in the so-called tempering zone, is taken up.
• the aisle volume is expanded so that the desired degree of filling is obtained at the beginning of the temperature zone.
• This possible embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 2 is shown by way of example on a screw conveyor.
• a screw tube conveyor can also be used, the material task being carried out axially. The material which has already been comminuted is to be filled into the material feed 20.
• Shredding can also take place immediately after the material feed 20 and before the feed zone in a slow-running shredder with a downstream buffer space. From there it reaches the feed zone of the worm mounted on the drive shaft 22.
• the drive shaft 22 drives the screw with three different functional zones at the same speed. Due to the different screw designs and pitches 23, 24, 25 in the individual zones, depending on the area in which the material is located, different conveying speeds are achieved and various tasks are thus performed.
• tempering zone 25 which here is kenband was chosen as the design of the screw in order to be able to expose the material to the IR radiation largely without shielding by screw parts and to keep the exposure of the conveying elements to radiant heat due to the smaller area of the conveying elements as low as possible is a carrier for the installation 27 of the Infrared radiator 28 is attached.
• the carrier 27 can only be supported on one side in the fixed bearing 33, but, depending on the length and design, can also be supported on both sides, as shown here by way of example, with a bearing 32 running on the shaft 22 or can be supported several times.
• the height of the carrier 27 above the material or the respective lowest point of the screw jacket tube 26 is provided to be adjustable in order to enable the intensity of the IR radiation of the radiation emitted from the IR emitters 28 to be matched to the respective material. This adjustment to the material to be treated can be made once when the device is started up or alternatively continuously attached via a non-contact temperature sensor 34, for example outside the screw jacket tube 26, and measured via a window or, for example, attached to the carrier 27, which measures the temperature of the material.
• the measurement signal can be used, for example, to influence the height of the carrier or another control variable (such as lamp temperature, number of lamps switched on, etc.) that can be used to regulate the IR radiation intensity effective in the material, so that the temperature control corresponds to the target specifications.
• the supply lines for the installations on the carrier are routed from the carrier to the machine frame, for example, by a fixed or flexible guide.
• the material to be treated is transported through the tempering zone 25 and passes through the treatment, shown schematically as partially treated material with foreign substance 29 and largely treated material with foreign substance 30.
• the material can be transferred to the next process step via an outlet chute 31.
• a variation of the screw belt 35 can consist in that the belt consists of hollow material through which a heat-carrying medium is circulated, for example, in order to keep the screw at a stable temperature and to heat or cool the material to be treated as an additional effect.
• the same possibility applies to the screw parts in the metering area 24 and in the feed area 23.
• FIG. 2 with a closed screw jacket tube 26 also advantageously allows any emissions (dusts, odors) to be extracted with the heated air during the treatment via, for example, the material feed 20 and retained in downstream filters or as shown, for example, in FIG Screw inlet area suctioned 36 and fed to a conveyor and filter unit 37.
• the air can be optimally filtered and discharged into the open 39 or largely used again for tempering the material in the tempering zone 25 via an air circuit and thus contribute to an economical use of energy.
• the heat which is also transported during the extraction can advantageously be used in the feed area 20 and in the feed zone 23 and metering zone 24 for preheating the material.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Toxicology (AREA)
• Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)
• Screw Conveyors (AREA)
• Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
• Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Publications (1)

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ID=7752347

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (13)

Families Citing this family (18)

Family Cites Families (30)

• 1995
  • 1995-01-26 DE DE19502352A patent/DE19502352C2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 1996
  • 1996-01-25 CA CA 2211635 patent/CA2211635A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1996-01-25 CZ CZ19972387A patent/CZ295331B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1996-01-25 HU HU9800705A patent/HUP9800705A3/hu unknown
  • 1996-01-25 BR BR9606801A patent/BR9606801A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1996-01-25 PL PL96321492A patent/PL179378B1/pl not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1996-01-25 EP EP96901331A patent/EP0805742A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 1996-01-25 JP JP52262996A patent/JPH10512512A/ja active Pending
  • 1996-01-25 WO PCT/EP1996/000293 patent/WO1996022867A1/de active IP Right Grant
  • 1996-01-25 US US08/894,242 patent/US5993052A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1996-01-25 AU AU45391/96A patent/AU4539196A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1996-01-25 CN CN96192672A patent/CN1077008C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1996-01-25 KR KR1019970705097A patent/KR100418298B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1996-04-02 DE DE1996113125 patent/DE19613125C1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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