EP0801992B1 - Rotierende elektrostatische Sprühvorrichtung - Google Patents

Rotierende elektrostatische Sprühvorrichtung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0801992B1
EP0801992B1 EP97106088A EP97106088A EP0801992B1 EP 0801992 B1 EP0801992 B1 EP 0801992B1 EP 97106088 A EP97106088 A EP 97106088A EP 97106088 A EP97106088 A EP 97106088A EP 0801992 B1 EP0801992 B1 EP 0801992B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
air
nozzles
air nozzles
shaping
pattern control
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP97106088A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0801992A2 (de
EP0801992A3 (de
Inventor
Kengo Honma
Isamu Yamasaki
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Toyota Motor Corp
Original Assignee
Toyota Motor Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Toyota Motor Corp filed Critical Toyota Motor Corp
Publication of EP0801992A2 publication Critical patent/EP0801992A2/de
Publication of EP0801992A3 publication Critical patent/EP0801992A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0801992B1 publication Critical patent/EP0801992B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B5/00—Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means
    • B05B5/025—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns
    • B05B5/04—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns characterised by having rotary outlet or deflecting elements, i.e. spraying being also effected by centrifugal forces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B3/00—Spraying or sprinkling apparatus with moving outlet elements or moving deflecting elements
    • B05B3/02—Spraying or sprinkling apparatus with moving outlet elements or moving deflecting elements with rotating elements
    • B05B3/10—Spraying or sprinkling apparatus with moving outlet elements or moving deflecting elements with rotating elements discharging over substantially the whole periphery of the rotating member, i.e. the spraying being effected by centrifugal forces
    • B05B3/1064—Spraying or sprinkling apparatus with moving outlet elements or moving deflecting elements with rotating elements discharging over substantially the whole periphery of the rotating member, i.e. the spraying being effected by centrifugal forces the liquid or other fluent material to be sprayed being axially supplied to the rotating member through a hollow rotating shaft
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B5/00—Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means
    • B05B5/025—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns
    • B05B5/04—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns characterised by having rotary outlet or deflecting elements, i.e. spraying being also effected by centrifugal forces
    • B05B5/0426—Means for supplying shaping gas
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B3/00—Spraying or sprinkling apparatus with moving outlet elements or moving deflecting elements
    • B05B3/02—Spraying or sprinkling apparatus with moving outlet elements or moving deflecting elements with rotating elements
    • B05B3/10—Spraying or sprinkling apparatus with moving outlet elements or moving deflecting elements with rotating elements discharging over substantially the whole periphery of the rotating member, i.e. the spraying being effected by centrifugal forces
    • B05B3/1092—Means for supplying shaping gas

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a rotary atomizing electrostatic coating apparatus of the type capable of controlling a shaping air flow pattern.
  • Japanese Patent Application No. HEI 7-24367 discloses a rotary atomizing electrostatic coating apparatus of the type capable of controlling a shaping air flow pattern.
  • shaping air nozzles 6' are arranged on a first circle having its circle center on an axis of rotation of a rotary atomizing head, and pattern control air nozzles 7' are arranged on a second circle having a larger diameter than the first circle.
  • Each shaping air nozzle 6' has a nozzle axis inclined from a line parallel to an axis of the rotary atomizing head so that the shaping air flow pattern is spread in a direction away from the shaping air nozzles.
  • the air expelled from the pattern control air nozzles 7' collides with the shaping air flow pattern and changes the pattern.
  • the shaping air flow draws air around the flow to generate a secondary flow (accompanying air flow). It is important that the secondary flow freely accompany the shaping air flow without generating turbulence or a vortex so that a smooth shaping air flow is formed.
  • US 5,397,063 shows an atomizer head for spray coating of electrostatic coating according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • This atomizer head has shaping air nozzles disposed around the rotating cup in a circle. Further, a second circle of air nozzles is disposed offset from the plane of the shaping air nozzles towards the back of the atomizer.
  • WO 88/10152 also describes an atomizer head for spray coating of electrostatic coating.
  • the coating is atomized in a rotary bell cup, and is propelled and shaped by a shaping air stream released from a ring of nozzles arranged aground the atomizing bell cup.
  • An additional air stream is generated in a ring shaped channel and nozzle arrangement which is located in concentric fashion with respect to the atomizing head and in distance therefrom.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a rotary atomizing electrostatic coating apparatus that can form a shaping air flow generating almost no vortices or turbulence therearound.
  • the above-described object can be achieved by providing a rotary atomizing electrostatic coating apparatus according to claim 1 where shaping air nozzles are arranged on a first circle having its center on an axis of rotation of an atomizing head and pattern control air nozzles are arranged on a second circle having a larger diameter than the first circle of the shaping air nozzles.
  • the pattern control air nozzles may be located in the range of 3 mm to 100 mm on a rear side of the shaping air nozzles in an axial direction of the atomizing head and inside a circle having a diameter three times a diameter of the atomizing head in a radial direction of the atomizing head.
  • an opening for permitting air to pass therethrough is provided to the rotary atomizing electrostatic coating apparatus radially between the first circle and the second circle.
  • FIGS. 1-3 illustrate an apparatus and test results according to an unclaimed example
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 illustrate an apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 illustrate an apparatus according to a second unclaimed example
  • Portions common or similar to all of the unclaimed examples and of the embodiment of the present invention are denoted with the same reference numerals throughout the whole description. and will be explained with reference to, for example, FIG. 1.
  • a rotary atomizing electrostatic coating apparatus includes an atomizing head 1 for atomizing paint which has an axis of rotation and is rotatable about the axis of rotation, an air motor 2 for driving or rotating the atomizing head 1, a cover (housing) 3 for housing the air motor therein and made from synthetic resin, a paint feed tube 4 for supplying paint to the atomizing head 1, and an air cap 5, disposed on a front side of the housing 3.
  • the apparatus further includes a plurality of shaping air nozzles 6 formed in the air cap 5, for expelling shaping air and accelerating paint particles dispersed from the atomizing head 1 toward a workpiece to be coated, and a plurality of pattern control air nozzles 7, disposed radially outside the shaping air nozzles, for expelling pattern control air to thereby control the flow pattern of the shaping air within a variable range of the shaping air flow pattern.
  • the shaping air nozzles 6 are arranged on a first circle having its circle center on the axis of rotation of the atomizing head 1.
  • the pattern control air nozzles 7 are arranged on a second circle located outside the first circle and having the same circle center as the first circle.
  • Each shaping air nozzle 6 has an axis inclined (or twisted) by a predetermined angle (more particularly, 30-40 degrees) from a line parallel to the axis of rotation of the atomizing head 1 and passing through a center of the nozzle 6 in a direction perpendicular to a radial direction of the atomizing head so that a shaping air flow pattern is spread in a direction away from the shaping air nozzle.
  • Each of pattern control air nozzles 7 is disposed so as to intersect the shaping air flow pattern when extended in a frontward direction of each pattern control air nozzle 7 whereby a configuration of the shaping air flow pattern is controllable.
  • Control of the shaping air and the control air is conducted as follows:
  • Paint particles atomized and dispersed radially outwardly from the atomizing head 1 are accelerated by the shaping air toward a workpiece to be coated located in front of the coating apparatus. Since the direction of the shaping air expelled from the shaping air nozzle is inclined from the line parallel to the axis of rotation of the atomizing head 1, the shaping air flow pattern is spread. In the case where an area of the object to be coated is wide such as a general surface of an automobile body, the coating is conducted using the shaping air only without using the pattern control air. In the case where an area of the object to be coated is narrow and small, the coating is conducted using both the shaping air and the pattern control air. In this way, overspraying of paint will be prevented so that consumption of paint is minimized.
  • the size of the paint flow pattern is controlled by controlling a pressure of the shaping air and a pressure of the pattern control air so as to match a size of the object to be coated.
  • the pattern control air nozzles (outer nozzles) 7 are located on a rear side of the shaping air nozzles (inner nozzles) 6 in the range of 3 mm to 100 mm from the shaping air nozzles in the axial direction of the atomizing head. Further, the pattern control air nozzles 7 are located inside a circle having a diameter three times a diameter d of the atomizing head in the radial direction of the atomizing head.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a relationship, obtained in tests, between a paint adhesion state and an axial distance L between the shaping air nozzles 6 and the pattern control air nozzles 7 when coating was conducted using both the shaping air and the pattern control air.
  • positive L means that the pattern control air nozzles 7 are located on the rear side of the shaping air nozzles 6
  • negative L means that the pattern control air nozzles 7 are located on the front side of the shaping air nozzles 6.
  • the magnitude of the paint adhesion to the cap and the atomizing head is classified into three levels 1 ⁇ , 2 ⁇ and 3 ⁇ .
  • level 1 ⁇ means the state where paint adhered to the surface of the cap and the atomizing head thinly and entirely or locally so that the adhering paint did not separate from the surfaces to fall onto the workpiece to be coated;
  • level 2 ⁇ means the state where paint adhered to the surfaces of the cap and the atomizing head rather thickly so that when touched or vibrated the adhering paint separated from the surfaces to fall onto the workpiece;
  • level 3 ⁇ means the state where paint adhered to the surface of the cap and the atomizing head very thickly so that even during normal coating the adhering paint separated from the surfaces to fall onto the workpiece.
  • the pattern control air nozzles 7 were located on the front side of the shaping air nozzles 6, the magnitude of paint adhesion was great so that coating troubles would easily occur.
  • the pattern control air nozzles were located too far (further than 100 mm) from the shaping air nozzles 6 on the rear side of the shaping air nozzles 6, the pattern varying ability of the pattern control air decreased too much so that there was no meaning in provision of the pattern control air nozzles. Therefore, the pattern control air nozzles 7 should be located within the range of 3 mm to 100 mm from the shaping air nozzles 6 on the rear side of the shaping air nozzles.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a relationship, obtained in tests, between a paint adhesion state and a diameter D of a circle on which the pattern control air nozzles 7 were located when coating was conducted using both the shaping air and the pattern control air.
  • the magnitude of the paint adhesion is classified into three levels 1 ⁇ , 2 ⁇ and 3 ⁇ discussed above.
  • the diameter D was selected to be greater than three times the diameter of the circle on which the shaping air nozzles were arranged (d was nearly equal to the circle on which the shaping air nozzles were arranged), the paint adhesion was at level 3 ⁇ where a coating problem easily happened.
  • the diameter on which the pattern control air nozzles 7 are arranged should be equal to or smaller than a diameter three times the diameter of the outermost portion of the atomizing head 1.
  • d is greater than D, because the circle on which the pattern control air nozzles 7 are arranged is located radially outside the circle on which the shaping air nozzles 6 are arranged.
  • the pattern control air nozzles 7 are formed in the air cap 5. To prevent the air flow around the air cap from generating vortices, as illustrated in FIG, 1, corner portions of the air cap 5 should be rounded, and a connecting surface connecting a surface where the shaping air nozzles 6 are open and a surface where the pattern control air nozzles 7 are open should be inclined from a line parallel to the axis of rotation of the atomizing head by angle ⁇ (more than 10 degrees).
  • the connecting surface is inclined radially inwardly in the frontward direction.
  • vortices are prevented from being generated around the cap and the atomizing head. More particularly, when the pattern control air is not being expelled, since the surface where the pattern control air nozzles 7 are open is located on the rear side of the surface where the shaping air nozzles 6 are open, air can easily flow to the shaping air from the obliquely rear side of the shaping air. When the pattern control air is being expelled, the pattern control air flows easily to the shaping air from the obliquely rear side of the shaping air.
  • At least one air passable opening 8 (hereinafter, opening) for permitting air to pass therethrough is formed radially between the shaping air nozzles 6 formed in the air cap 5 and the pattern control air nozzles 7 formed in the air cap 5.
  • An air passage is formed so as to connect a front surface of the air cap 5 and a side surface (cylindrical outside surface) of the resin cover (or housing) 3, and one end of the air passage open to the front surface of the air cap constitutes the opening 8.
  • a plurality of (four in FIG. 5) openings 8 are formed.
  • the structure according to the first unclaimed example above discussed may be added the structure according to the first unclaimed example above discussed or may be applied to a structure which does not have the arrangement of the pattern control air nozzles on the side of the shaping air nozzles by 3-100 mm and the location of the pattern control air nozzles inside the circle having the diameter three times of the diameter of the atomizing head but has the same structure with respect to the remaining portions as those of the structure of the first unclaimed example.
  • opening 8 for permitting air to pass therethrough is formed radially between the shaping air nozzles 6 formed in the air cap 5 and the pattern control air nozzles 7.
  • the pattern control air nozzles 7 are formed in a pattern control air nozzle ring 9 which is a hollow ring.
  • the ring 9 is radially spaced from the air cap 5 and is supported from the air cap 5 by a support member 10. A gap between the ring 9 and the air cap 5 constitutes the opening 8.
  • the pattern control air nozzles may be spaced from the shaping air nozzles by 3 to 100 mm in a rear direction of the shaping air nozzles and are located inside a circle having a diameter three times the diameter of the atomizing head, and air flow accompanying the shaping air flow is easily formed around the shaping air flow, so that vortices or turbulence are prevented from being generated around the shaping air flow and paint adhesion to the air cap and the atomizing head due to the vortices or turbulence is effectively prevented.
  • the opening is provided radially between the shaping air nozzles and the pattern control air nozzles, air introduction to a negative pressure generating portion through the opening is permitted so that an air flow accompanying the shaping air flow is easily formed and adhesion of paint to the air cap and the atomizing head is effectively prevented.
  • a rotary atomizing electrostatic coating apparatus includes a plurality of shaping air nozzles (6) disposed on a first circle having its circle center on an axis of rotation of an atomizing head (1), a plurality of pattern control air nozzles (7) disposed on a second circle having a larger diameter than the first circle.
  • the pattern control air nozzles may be located at 3-100 mm on a rear side of the shaping air nozzles (6) and inside a circle having a diameter three times a diameter of the atomizing head (1).
  • An air passable opening is formed radially between the shaping air nozzles (6) and the pattern control air nozzles (7).

Landscapes

  • Electrostatic Spraying Apparatus (AREA)

Claims (6)

  1. Eine drehbare, zerstäubende, elektrostatische Beschichtungsvorrichtung aufweisend:
    ein Gehäuse (3);
    einen Zerstäubungskopf (1), der an einer Vorderseite des Gehäuses (3) angeordnet ist, wobei der Zerstäubungskopf (1) eine Drehachse hat und über die Drehachse drehbar ist;
    einen Luftmotor (2), der innerhalb des Gehäuses (3) angeordnet ist, wobei dieser für den Antrieb des Zerstäubungskopfs (1) ausgelegt und angeordnet ist;
    eine Luft-Abdeckung (5), die an der Vorderseite des Gehäuses (3) angeordnet ist, wobei die Luft-Abdeckung (5) eine Vielzahl von Formgebungs-Luftdüsen (6) hat, die darin ausgebildet und an einem ersten Kreis angeordnet ist, der einen Kreismittelpunkt auf der Drehachse des Zerstäubungskopfs (1) hat; wobei
    eine Vielzahl von Mustersteuerungs-Luftdüsen (7) an einem zweiten Kreis angeordnet ist, der einen Kreismittelpunkt auf der Drehachse des Zerstäubungskopfs (1) und einen größeren Durchmesser als der erste Kreis hat; und wobei
       die Abdeckung (5) eine Vorderfläche und das Gehäuse (3) eine Außenseitenfläche hat, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
       das Gehäuse (3) zumindest einen Luftdurchgang darin definiert, der sich zwischen der Vorderfläche der Luft-Abdeckung (5) und der Außenseitenfläche des Gehäuses (3) erstreckt, wobei der Luftdurchgang eine End-Öffnung (8) an der Vorderfläche der Luft-Abdeckung (5) hat, wobei die Öffnung (8) einen Luftdurchlass zulässt und radial zwischen den Formgebungs-Luftdüsen (6) und den Mustersteuerungs-Luftdüsen (7) angeordnet ist.
  2. Eine Vorrichtung gemäß Anspruch 1, wobei die Vielzahl der Mustersteuerungs-Luftdüsen (7) so angeordnet ist, um von der Vielzahl von Formgebungs-Luftdüsen (6) um 3 - 100 mm an einer Hinterseite der Vielzahl von Formgebungs-Luftdüsen (6) in einer axialen Richtung des Zerstäubungskopfs (1) beabstandet zu sein, und um in einem Kreis, der einen Durchmesser hat, der dreimal so groß ist wie der Durchmesser des Zerstäubungskopfs (1), in einer radialen Richtung des Zerstäubungskopfs (1) gelegen zu sein.
  3. Eine Vorrichtung gemäß Anspruch 1, wobei die Vielzahl der Mustersteuerungs-Luftdüsen (7) in der Luft-Abdeckung (5) ausgebildet ist.
  4. Eine Vorrichtung gemäß Anspruch 1, wobei jede der Vielzahl der Formgebungs-Luftdüsen (6) gegenüber einer Linie, die parallel zu der Drehachse des Zerstäubungskopfs (1) ist, geneigt ist, wodurch ein formgebendes Luftströmungs-Muster in eine Richtung fort von der Vielzahl der Formgebungs-Luftdüsen (6) ausgebreitet wird, das durch formgebende Luft, die von der Vielzahl von Formgebungs-Luftdüsen (6) ausgestoßen wird, ausgebildet wird.
  5. Eine Vorrichtung gemäß Anspruch 3, wobei jede der Mustersteuerungs-Luftdüsen (7) so ausgerichtet ist, um das formgebende Luftströmungs-Muster zu durchschneiden, wenn sich dieses in einer Richtung vor den Mustersteuerungs-Luftdüsen (7) ausgebreitet hat.
  6. Eine Vorrichtung gemäß Anspruch 3, wobei die Luft-Abdeckung (5) einen ersten Vorderflächen-Abschnitt hat, wo die Vielzahl der Formgebungs-Luftdüsen geöffnet ist, einen zweiten Vorderflächen-Abschnitt hat, wo die Vielzahl der Mustersteuerungs-Luftdüsen (7) geöffnet ist, und eine Verbindungsfläche hat, die den ersten Vorderflächen-Abschnitt und den zweiten Vorderflächen-Abschnitt miteinander verbindet, wobei die Verbindungsfläche gegenüber einer Linie, die parallel zur Drehachse des Zerstäubungskopfs (1) ist, geneigt ist.
EP97106088A 1996-04-15 1997-04-14 Rotierende elektrostatische Sprühvorrichtung Expired - Lifetime EP0801992B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (9)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP92845/96 1996-04-15
JP9284596 1996-04-15
JP9284596 1996-04-15
JP57921/97 1997-03-12
JP5792197 1997-03-12
JP5792197 1997-03-12
JP83503/97 1997-04-02
JP8350397 1997-04-02
JP08350397A JP3307266B2 (ja) 1996-04-15 1997-04-02 噴霧パターン可変回転霧化塗装装置

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0801992A2 EP0801992A2 (de) 1997-10-22
EP0801992A3 EP0801992A3 (de) 2000-05-24
EP0801992B1 true EP0801992B1 (de) 2004-10-13

Family

ID=27296424

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP97106088A Expired - Lifetime EP0801992B1 (de) 1996-04-15 1997-04-14 Rotierende elektrostatische Sprühvorrichtung

Country Status (4)

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EP (1) EP0801992B1 (de)
JP (1) JP3307266B2 (de)
CA (1) CA2202671C (de)
DE (1) DE69731138T2 (de)

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10321614A1 (de) * 2003-05-14 2004-12-30 P + S Pulverbeschichtungs- Und Staubfilteranlagen Gmbh Beschichtungsverfahren sowie Pulverdüse und Beschichtungskabine
WO2005115636A1 (ja) * 2004-05-27 2005-12-08 Abb K.K. 回転霧化頭型塗装装置の噴霧パターン制御方法及び回転霧化頭型塗装装置
DE102006028258A1 (de) 2006-06-20 2007-12-27 Abb Patent Gmbh Verfahren zur Ermittlung von Sprühparametern zur Steuerung eines Sprühmittel einsetzenden Lackiergeräts
DE102007006547B4 (de) 2007-02-09 2016-09-29 Dürr Systems GmbH Lenkluftring und entsprechendes Beschichtungsverfahren
FR2917309B1 (fr) * 2007-06-13 2013-10-25 Sames Technologies Projecteur rotatif de produit de revetement et installation comprenant un tel projecteur.
JP5490369B2 (ja) * 2008-03-12 2014-05-14 ランズバーグ・インダストリー株式会社 回転式静電塗装装置及び塗装パターン制御方法
JP5448522B2 (ja) * 2009-03-27 2014-03-19 本田技研工業株式会社 塗装装置
WO2011125855A1 (ja) * 2010-04-01 2011-10-13 本田技研工業株式会社 静電塗装装置及び静電塗装方法
DE102011055660B4 (de) * 2011-11-23 2013-09-05 P+S Pulverbeschichtungs- Und Staubfilteranlagen Gmbh Verfahren zum Ausbringen von Pulver mittels einer Pulversprühpistole und Pulversprühpistole zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
FR3053608B1 (fr) 2016-07-11 2021-04-23 Exel Ind Jupe pour projecteur rotatif de produit de revetement comprenant au moins trois series de buses d'ejection d'air distinctes

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3214314A1 (de) * 1982-04-19 1983-10-20 J. Wagner AG, 9450 Altstätten Elektrostatische spruehvorrichtung
JPH0673642B2 (ja) * 1987-06-16 1994-09-21 ランズバーグ コーポレーション 導電性被覆液用吹付け被覆装置
US5397063A (en) * 1992-04-01 1995-03-14 Asahi Sunac Corporation Rotary atomizer coater

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0801992A2 (de) 1997-10-22
JP3307266B2 (ja) 2002-07-24
DE69731138D1 (de) 2004-11-18
DE69731138T2 (de) 2006-03-09
CA2202671A1 (en) 1997-10-15
JPH10309498A (ja) 1998-11-24
CA2202671C (en) 2000-08-08
EP0801992A3 (de) 2000-05-24

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