EP0799343B1 - Faservlies- aerogel- verbundmaterial enthaltend bikomponentenfasern, verfahren zu seiner herstellung, sowie seine verwendung - Google Patents
Faservlies- aerogel- verbundmaterial enthaltend bikomponentenfasern, verfahren zu seiner herstellung, sowie seine verwendung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0799343B1 EP0799343B1 EP95942723A EP95942723A EP0799343B1 EP 0799343 B1 EP0799343 B1 EP 0799343B1 EP 95942723 A EP95942723 A EP 95942723A EP 95942723 A EP95942723 A EP 95942723A EP 0799343 B1 EP0799343 B1 EP 0799343B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- composite material
- material according
- aerogel particles
- airgel
- bicomponent
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H13/00—Other non-woven fabrics
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/413—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties containing granules other than absorbent substances
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
- D04H1/4326—Condensation or reaction polymers
- D04H1/435—Polyesters
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
- D04H1/4374—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece using different kinds of webs, e.g. by layering webs
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
- D04H1/541—Composite fibres, e.g. sheath-core, sea-island or side-by-side; Mixed fibres
- D04H1/5412—Composite fibres, e.g. sheath-core, sea-island or side-by-side; Mixed fibres sheath-core
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
- D04H1/541—Composite fibres, e.g. sheath-core, sea-island or side-by-side; Mixed fibres
- D04H1/5418—Mixed fibres, e.g. at least two chemically different fibres or fibre blends
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
- D04H1/542—Adhesive fibres
- D04H1/55—Polyesters
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
- D04H1/541—Composite fibres, e.g. sheath-core, sea-island or side-by-side; Mixed fibres
- D04H1/5414—Composite fibres, e.g. sheath-core, sea-island or side-by-side; Mixed fibres side-by-side
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/23—Sheet including cover or casing
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/23—Sheet including cover or casing
- Y10T428/237—Noninterengaged fibered material encased [e.g., mat, batt, etc.]
- Y10T428/238—Metal cover or casing
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
- Y10T428/2918—Rod, strand, filament or fiber including free carbon or carbide or therewith [not as steel]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
- Y10T428/2929—Bicomponent, conjugate, composite or collateral fibers or filaments [i.e., coextruded sheath-core or side-by-side type]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
- Y10T442/637—Including strand or fiber material which is a monofilament composed of two or more polymeric materials in physically distinct relationship [e.g., sheath-core, side-by-side, islands-in-sea, fibrils-in-matrix, etc.] or composed of physical blend of chemically different polymeric materials or a physical blend of a polymeric material and a filler material
- Y10T442/641—Sheath-core multicomponent strand or fiber material
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
- Y10T442/637—Including strand or fiber material which is a monofilament composed of two or more polymeric materials in physically distinct relationship [e.g., sheath-core, side-by-side, islands-in-sea, fibrils-in-matrix, etc.] or composed of physical blend of chemically different polymeric materials or a physical blend of a polymeric material and a filler material
- Y10T442/642—Strand or fiber material is a blend of polymeric material and a filler material
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
- Y10T442/647—Including a foamed layer or component
- Y10T442/652—Nonwoven fabric is coated, impregnated, or autogenously bonded
- Y10T442/653—Including particulate material other than fiber
Definitions
- the invention relates to a composite material comprising at least one layer of nonwoven and Airgel particles, a process for its preparation and its Use.
- Aerogels especially those with porosities above 60% and densities below 0.4 g / cm 3 , have an extremely low thermal conductivity due to their very low density, high porosity and small pore diameter and are therefore used as heat insulation materials, such as in the EP -A-0 171 722.
- the high porosity also leads to low mechanical stability both the gel from which the airgel is dried and the dried one Aerogels itself.
- Aerogels in the wider sense i.e. in the sense of "gel with air as a dispersant" are made by drying a suitable gel.
- airgel means aerogels in the narrower sense, and xerogels Cryogels.
- a dried gel is called an airgel in the narrower sense, if the liquid of the gel is at temperatures above the critical temperature and is removed based on pressures above the critical pressure. Becomes the liquid of the gel, on the other hand, is subcritical, for example with the formation of a Liquid-vapor boundary phase removed, then the resulting gel is called Xerogel.
- the gels according to the invention are Aerogels, in the sense of gel with air as a dispersant.
- the molding process of the airgel takes place during the sol-gel transition completed.
- the outer shape can only still be changed by comminution, for example grinding, for one other form of processing, the material is too fragile.
- a mat is also used in German patent application P 44 18 843.9 described a fiber-reinforcing xerogel. These mats show through the very high proportion of airgel has a very low thermal conductivity relative to their manufacture due to the diffusion problems described above long production times necessary. In particular, the manufacture is thicker Mats only possible by combining several thin mats therefore requires additional effort.
- US Pat. No. 5,256,476 discloses a shaped body with adsorber particles, in addition to the adsorber particles, the fine plastic particles and reinforcing ones Contains fibers, being essentially the fine plastic particles as Binders act.
- the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a composite material on the To provide base of airgel granules that have a low thermal conductivity has that is mechanically stable and the simple manufacture of mats or Plates allowed.
- the object is achieved by a composite material which has at least one layer of nonwoven fabric and airgel particles, the nonwoven fabric containing at least one bicomponent fiber material and the bicomponent fiber material having low and high-melting areas, which is characterized in that the fibers of the nonwoven both with the airgel particles and with each other through the low-melting areas of the fiber material, and that the airgel particles have porosities above 60%, densities below 0.4 g / cm 3 and a thermal conductivity of less than 40 mW / mK.
- the thermal bonding of the bicomponent fibers leads to a connection of the low-melting parts of the bicomponent fibers and thus ensures a stable fleece.
- the melting part of the bicomponent fiber binds the airgel particles to the fiber.
- the bicomponent fibers are chemical fibers made from two firmly bonded polymers of different chemical and / or physical structure, the areas with different melting points, i.e. low and high melting Areas.
- the melting points of the lower and higher melting ones Ranges preferably differ by at least 10 ° C.
- the bicomponent fibers preferably have a core / sheath structure.
- the The core of the fiber consists of a polymer, preferably one thermoplastic polymer whose melting point is higher than that of thermoplastic polymer that forms the shell.
- Bicomponent fiber variations made of polyester / polyolefin e.g. Polyester / polyethylene or polyester / copolyolefin or bicomponent fibers that have an elastic Have shell polymer are used. But it can also be side-by-side Bicomponent fibers are used.
- the nonwoven fabric can also have at least one simple fiber material included in the thermal solidification with the low-melting Areas of the bicomponent fibers is connected.
- the simple fibers are organic polymer fibers, e.g. Polyester, polyolefin and / or polyamide fibers, preferably polyester fibers.
- the Fibers can be round, trilobal, pentalobal, octalobal, ribbon, fir tree, have dumbbell or other star-shaped profiles. Hollow fibers can also be used be used. The melting point of these simple fibers should be above that of the melting areas of the bicomponent fibers lie.
- the bicomponent fibers ie the high and / or low melting component, and optionally the simple fibers can be blackened with an IR opacifier such as carbon black, titanium dioxide, iron oxides or zirconium dioxide or mixtures thereof.
- the bicomponent fibers and possibly the simple fibers can also be colored for coloring.
- the diameter of the fibers used in the composite should preferably be be smaller than the average diameter of the airgel particles to a high Proportion of airgel in the fiber fleece.
- the titer of simple fibers should preferably be between 0.8 and 40 dtex lie, that of the bicomponent fibers preferably between 2 and 20 dtex.
- Mixtures of bicomponent fibers or simple fibers can also be made different materials, with different profiles and / or different Titers are used.
- the weight fraction should ensure good adhesion of the airgel granules Bicomponent fiber between 10 and 100 wt .-%, preferably between 40 and 100 wt .-%, based on the total fiber content.
- the volume fraction of the airgel in the composite material should be as high as possible, be at least 40%, preferably over 60%. To still mechanical stability of the To achieve composite, however, the proportion should not exceed 95%, preferably not exceed 90%.
- Suitable aerogels for the compositions according to the invention are those based on metal oxides which are suitable for sol-gel technology (CJ Brinker, GW Scherer, Sol-Gel-Science, 1990, chapters 2 and 3), such as Si or Al compounds or those based on organic substances which are suitable for sol-gel technology, such as melamine formaldehyde condensates (US Pat. No. 5,086,085) or resorcinol formaldehyde condensates (US Pat. No. 4,873,218). They can also be based on mixtures of the above materials. Aerogels containing Si compounds, in particular SiO 2 aerogels and very particularly preferably SiO 2 xerogels, are preferably used. To reduce the radiation contribution of the thermal conductivity, the airgel can contain IR opacifiers, such as, for example, carbon black, titanium dioxide, iron oxides, zirconium dioxide or mixtures thereof.
- IR opacifiers such as, for example, carbon black, titanium dioxide, iron oxide
- the thermal conductivity of the aerogels decreases with increasing porosity and decreasing density. For this reason, aerogels with porosities above 60% and densities below 0.4 g / cm 3 are preferred.
- the thermal conductivity of the airgel granules should be less than 40 mW / mK, preferably less than 25 mW / mK.
- the airgel particles have hydrophobic surface groups.
- hydrophobic surface groups In order to avoid a later collapse of the aerogels by condensation of moisture in the pores, it is namely advantageous if there are covalent hydrophobic groups on the inner surface of the aerogels which are not split off under the action of water.
- Preferred groups for permanent hydrophobization are trisubstituted silyl groups of the general formula -Si (R) 3 , particularly preferably trialkyl and / or triarylsilyl groups, each R independently being a non-reactive, organic radical such as C 1 -C 18 alkyl or C 6 -C 14- aryl, preferably C 1 -C 6 alkyl or phenyl, in particular methyl, ethyl, cyclohexyl or phenyl, which can additionally be substituted with functional groups.
- the use of trimethylsilyl groups is particularly advantageous for permanent hydrophobization of the airgel.
- These groups can be introduced, as described in WO 94/25149, or by gas phase reaction between the airgel and, for example, an activated trialkylsilane derivative, such as, for example, a chlorotrialkylsilane or a hexaalkyldisilazane (compare R. Iler, The Chemistry of Silica, Wiley & Sons, 1979).
- an activated trialkylsilane derivative such as, for example, a chlorotrialkylsilane or a hexaalkyldisilazane
- the size of the grains depends on the application of the material. However, to The particles should be able to bind a high proportion of airgel granules be larger than the fiber diameter, preferably larger than 30 ⁇ m. To one To achieve high stability, the granules should not be too coarse-grained, preferably the grains should be less than 2 cm.
- Granules can preferably be used for the submission of high airgel volume fractions a bimodal grain size distribution can be used. Can continue too other suitable distributions are used.
- the fire class of the composite material is determined by the fire class of the airgel and of fibers determined.
- flame-retardant fiber types such as e.g. TREVIRA CS®.
- the composite material consists only of the nonwoven fabric that contains the airgel particles contains, can with mechanical stress of the composite material Airgel granules break or detach from the fiber, causing fragments the fleece can fall out.
- the nonwoven fabric on a or both sides are each provided with at least one cover layer, wherein the cover layers can be the same or different.
- the cover layers can either in the thermal solidification via the low-melting Component of the bicomponent fiber or glued using another adhesive become.
- the cover layer can e.g. a plastic film, preferably one Metal foil or a metallized plastic film.
- the respective Cover layer itself consist of several layers.
- Non-woven layers made from a mixture of fine, simple fibers and finer Contains bicomponent fibers, and the individual fiber layers in themselves and are thermally solidified with each other.
- the simple fibers as well as the bicomponent fibers should have diameters of less than 30 ⁇ m, preferably less than 15 ⁇ m.
- the Fleece layers of the cover layers must be needled.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for To provide production of the composite material according to the invention.
- the composite material according to the invention can e.g. according to the following procedure getting produced:
- the nonwoven staple fibers in the form of commercially available Cards or cards are used. While the fleece according to the expert the usual procedures, the airgel granules are sprinkled. At the Introducing the airgel granules into the fiber composite is as possible ensure even distribution of the granules. This is through commercial spreading devices reached.
- the nonwoven fabric can be covered on a cover layer Sprinkling of the airgel will be placed after the completion of this process applied top layer.
- cover layers made of finer fiber material are used, the lower fleece layer made of fine fibers and / or bicomponent fibers known methods and possibly needled. Then, as described above, the airgel-containing fiber composite is applied.
- top cover layer can, as for the lower nonwoven layer, of fine fibers and / or bicomponent fibers a layer is laid and if necessary needled.
- the resulting fiber composite is possibly under pressure at temperatures between the melting temperature of the jacket material and the smaller the Melting temperatures of simple fiber material and high-melting Component of the bicomponent fiber thermally consolidated.
- the pressure is there between normal pressure and the compressive strength of the airgel used.
- the sheets and mats according to the invention are suitable because of their small size Thermal conductivity as a thermal insulation material.
- the plates and mats according to the invention can be used as sound absorption materials can be used directly or in the form of resonance absorbers as they a low speed of sound and, compared to monolithic aerogels, have a higher sound absorption.
- damping the Airgel material occurs depending on the permeability of the nonwoven additional damping due to air friction between the pores in the nonwoven material.
- the permeability of the nonwoven fabric can be changed by changing the fiber diameter, the fleece density and the grain size of the airgel particles are influenced. Contains If the fleece is still covering layers, these covering layers should prevent the Allow sound into the fleece and not to a large extent reflection of the sound to lead.
- the plates and mats according to the invention are also suitable on the basis of Porosity of the fleece and especially the large porosity and specific Surface of the airgel also as adsorption materials for liquids, vapors and gases.
- a specific one can be modified by modifying the airgel surface Adsorption can be achieved.
- TREVIRA 290 50% by weight of TREVIRA 290, 0.8 dtex / 38 mm hm and 50% by weight of PES / Co-PES bicomponent fibers of the type TREVIRA 254, 2.2 dtex / 50 mm hm were used to make a nonwoven fabric with a basis weight of 100 g / m 2 .
- the resulting nonwoven composite material was at a temperature of 160 ° C. thermally solidified for 5 minutes and compressed to a thickness of 1.4 cm.
- the volume fraction of airgel in the solidified mat was 51%.
- the resulting mat had a basis weight of 1.2 kg / m 2 . It was easy to bend and squeeze.
- the thermal conductivity was determined to be 28 mW / mK using a plate method in accordance with DIN 52 612 Part 1.
- TREVIRA 120 From 50% by weight of TREVIRA 120 staple fibers with a titer of 1.7 dtex, length 38mm, spinning black and 50% by weight of PES / Co-PES bicomponent fibers of the type TREVIRA 254, 2.2 dtex / 50 mm hm was first a Fleece laid, which served as the lower cover layer. This top layer had a basis weight of 100 g / m 2 .
- a hydrophobic airgel granulate based on TEOS with a density of 150 kg / m 3 and a thermal conductivity of 23 mW / mK with grain sizes of 2 to 4 mm in diameter was sprinkled in.
- a cover layer was placed on this airgel-containing non-woven fabric, which was built up like the lower cover layer.
- the resulting composite material was used at a temperature of 160'C Thermally solidified for 5 minutes and compressed to a thickness of 1.5 cm.
- the Volume fraction of airgel in the solidified mat was 51%.
- the resulting mat had a basis weight of 1.4 kg / m 2 .
- the thermal conductivity was determined using a plate method according to DIN 52612 Part 1 to 27 mW / mK.
- the mat was easy to bend and squeeze. It trickled out of the mat no airgel pellets even after bending.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
- Woven Fabrics (AREA)
- Filtering Materials (AREA)
- Multicomponent Fibers (AREA)
Description
Zur Farbgebung können die Bikomponentenfasern sowie ggf. die einfachen Fasern auch gefärbt sein.
Die Wärmeleitfähigkeit des Aerogelgranulats sollte weniger als 40 mW/mK, vorzugsweise weniger als 25 mW/mK, betragen.
Um eine möglichst dichte Deckschicht zu erhalten, sollten jedoch die einfachen Fasern wie auch die Bikomponentenfasern Durchmesser kleiner als 30 µm, vorzugsweise kleiner als 15 µm, besitzen.
Claims (14)
- Verbundmaterial, das mindestens eine Lage Faservlies und Aerogel-Partikel aufweist, wobei das Faservlies mindestens ein Bikomponenten-Fasermaterial enthält und das Bikomponenten-Fasermaterial nieder- und höherschmelzende Bereiche aufweist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Fasern des Vlieses sowohl mit den Aerogel-Partikeln als auch untereinander durch die niederschmelzenden Bereiche des Fasermaterials verbunden sind, und daß die Aerogel-Partikel Porositäten über 60 %, Dichten unter 0,4 g/cm3 und eine Wärmeleitfähigkeit von weniger als 40 mW/mK aufweisen.
- Verbundmaterial gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Bikomponenten-Fasermaterial eine Kern-/Mantelstruktur aufweist.
- Verbundmaterial gemäß Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Faservlies zusätzlich mindestens ein einfaches Fasermaterial enthält.
- Verbundmaterial gemäß Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Titer des Bikomponenten-Fasermaterials im Bereich von 2 bis 20 dtex und der Titer der einfachen Fasern im Bereich von 0,8 bis 40 dtex liegt.
- Verbundmaterial gemäß mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Anteil der Aerogel-Partikel im Verbundmaterial mindestens 40 Vol.-% beträgt.
- Verbundmaterial gemäß mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Aerogel ein SiO2-Aerogel ist.
- Verbundmaterial gemäß mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Bikomponenten-Fasermaterial, das einfache Fasermaterial und/oder die Aerogel-Partikel mindestens ein IR-Trübungsmittel enthalten.
- Verbundmaterial gemäß mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Aerogel-Partikel eine Wärmeleitfähigkeit von weniger als 25 mW/mK aufweisen.
- Verbundmaterial gemäß mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Aerogel-Partikel hydrophobe Oberflächengruppen aufweisen.
- Verbundmaterial gemäß mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Faservlies auf einer oder beiden Seiten mit jeweils mindestens einer Deckschicht versehen ist, wobei die Deckschichten gleich oder verschieden sein können.
- Verbundmaterial gemäß Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Deckschichten Kunststoffolien, Metallfolien, metallisierte Kunststoffolien oder vorzugsweise Vlieslagen aus feinen einfachen Fasern und/oder feinen Bikomponenten-Fasern, enthalten.
- Verbundmaterial gemäß mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11 in Form einer Platte oder Matte.
- Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Verbundmaterials gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man in ein Faservlies, das mindestens ein Bikomponenten-Fasermaterial mit nieder- und höherschmelzenden Bereichen enthält, die Aerogel-Partikel einstreut und den resultierenden Faserverbund gegebenenfalls unter Druck bei Temperaturen oberhalb der niedrigeren Schmelztemperatur und unterhalb der höheren Schmelztemperatur thermisch verfestigt.
- Verwendung eines Verbundmaterials gemäß mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12 zur Wärmedämmung, zur Schalldämpfung und/oder als Adsorptionsmaterial für Gase, Dämpfe und Flüssigkeiten.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4445771 | 1994-12-21 | ||
DE4445771 | 1994-12-21 | ||
PCT/EP1995/005083 WO1996019607A1 (de) | 1994-12-21 | 1995-12-21 | Faservlies- aerogel- verbundmaterial enthaltend bikomponentenfasern, verfahren zu seiner herstellung, sowie seine verwendung |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0799343A1 EP0799343A1 (de) | 1997-10-08 |
EP0799343B1 true EP0799343B1 (de) | 2000-03-22 |
Family
ID=6536571
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP95942723A Expired - Lifetime EP0799343B1 (de) | 1994-12-21 | 1995-12-21 | Faservlies- aerogel- verbundmaterial enthaltend bikomponentenfasern, verfahren zu seiner herstellung, sowie seine verwendung |
Country Status (16)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5786059A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0799343B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP4237253B2 (de) |
KR (1) | KR100368851B1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN1063246C (de) |
AT (1) | ATE191021T1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU4388996A (de) |
CA (1) | CA2208510A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE59508075D1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2146795T3 (de) |
FI (1) | FI972677A (de) |
MX (1) | MX9704728A (de) |
NO (1) | NO309578B1 (de) |
PL (1) | PL181720B1 (de) |
RU (1) | RU2147054C1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1996019607A1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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EP3120997A1 (de) | 2015-07-24 | 2017-01-25 | Carl Freudenberg KG | Aerogelvliesstoff |
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- 1995-12-21 CN CN95196918A patent/CN1063246C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-12-21 CA CA002208510A patent/CA2208510A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1995-12-21 MX MX9704728A patent/MX9704728A/es not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-12-21 ES ES95942723T patent/ES2146795T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-12-21 KR KR1019970704161A patent/KR100368851B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-12-21 RU RU97112468A patent/RU2147054C1/ru active
- 1995-12-21 EP EP95942723A patent/EP0799343B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-12-21 WO PCT/EP1995/005083 patent/WO1996019607A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 1995-12-21 DE DE59508075T patent/DE59508075D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-12-21 AT AT95942723T patent/ATE191021T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-12-21 AU AU43889/96A patent/AU4388996A/en not_active Abandoned
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1997
- 1997-06-19 FI FI972677A patent/FI972677A/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP3120997A1 (de) | 2015-07-24 | 2017-01-25 | Carl Freudenberg KG | Aerogelvliesstoff |
DE102015009370A1 (de) | 2015-07-24 | 2017-01-26 | Carl Freudenberg Kg | Aerogelvliesstoff |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JP4237253B2 (ja) | 2009-03-11 |
FI972677A0 (fi) | 1997-06-19 |
EP0799343A1 (de) | 1997-10-08 |
AU4388996A (en) | 1996-07-10 |
JPH10510888A (ja) | 1998-10-20 |
CN1170445A (zh) | 1998-01-14 |
CA2208510A1 (en) | 1996-06-27 |
NO972850L (no) | 1997-08-15 |
KR100368851B1 (ko) | 2003-05-12 |
CN1063246C (zh) | 2001-03-14 |
NO309578B1 (no) | 2001-02-19 |
MX9704728A (es) | 1997-10-31 |
US5786059A (en) | 1998-07-28 |
FI972677A (fi) | 1997-06-19 |
ES2146795T3 (es) | 2000-08-16 |
ATE191021T1 (de) | 2000-04-15 |
RU2147054C1 (ru) | 2000-03-27 |
NO972850D0 (no) | 1997-06-19 |
DE59508075D1 (de) | 2000-04-27 |
WO1996019607A1 (de) | 1996-06-27 |
PL320877A1 (en) | 1997-11-10 |
PL181720B1 (pl) | 2001-09-28 |
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