EP0798750A2 - Résistance de limitation de courant à comportement PTC - Google Patents

Résistance de limitation de courant à comportement PTC Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0798750A2
EP0798750A2 EP97810116A EP97810116A EP0798750A2 EP 0798750 A2 EP0798750 A2 EP 0798750A2 EP 97810116 A EP97810116 A EP 97810116A EP 97810116 A EP97810116 A EP 97810116A EP 0798750 A2 EP0798750 A2 EP 0798750A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
resistance body
double
resistor according
varistor
resistor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP97810116A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0798750B1 (fr
EP0798750A3 (fr
Inventor
Dr. Glatz-Reichenbach
Felix Dr. Greuter
Gerhard Mauthe
Zdenek Pelanek
Claus Dr. Schüler
Jorgen Dr. Skindhoj
Ralf Dr. Strümpler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ABB Research Ltd Switzerland
ABB Research Ltd Sweden
Original Assignee
ABB Research Ltd Switzerland
ABB Research Ltd Sweden
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ABB Research Ltd Switzerland, ABB Research Ltd Sweden filed Critical ABB Research Ltd Switzerland
Publication of EP0798750A2 publication Critical patent/EP0798750A2/fr
Publication of EP0798750A3 publication Critical patent/EP0798750A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0798750B1 publication Critical patent/EP0798750B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
    • H01C7/13—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material current responsive
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C1/00—Details
    • H01C1/14—Terminals or tapping points or electrodes specially adapted for resistors; Arrangements of terminals or tapping points or electrodes on resistors
    • H01C1/1406—Terminals or electrodes formed on resistive elements having positive temperature coefficient
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C13/00—Resistors not provided for elsewhere
    • H01C13/02—Structural combinations of resistors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
    • H01C7/02—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material having positive temperature coefficient
    • H01C7/027—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material having positive temperature coefficient consisting of conducting or semi-conducting material dispersed in a non-conductive organic material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
    • H01C7/10—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material voltage responsive, i.e. varistors
    • H01C7/12—Overvoltage protection resistors

Definitions

  • the invention is based on an electrical resistor according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a resistor detects and limits short-circuit or overcurrents flowing in a load circuit. Only then does a switch in the load circuit interrupt the limited current. The switch can therefore be designed for a low breaking power compared to the short-circuit power.
  • a current-limiting resistor of the aforementioned type is described for example in US 5,313,184 A.
  • Such a resistor contains two connection electrodes between which a resistor body exhibiting PTC behavior and a varistor are arranged in parallel with one another.
  • the resistance body and the varistor contact each other over the entire insulation distance between the two connection electrodes.
  • resistors can be connected in series. Such an arrangement is relatively complex, since both between the individual resistance bodies and between the individual Varistors metal electrodes are arranged. In the normal operating state of the resistor, the current is conducted through a series connection of several resistor bodies with PTC behavior, between which a metal electrode is arranged in each case.
  • the contact resistance between a metal electrode and the material of the resistance body is generally relatively high and, with a resistance typical for current limiting tasks with a total resistance of approximately 50 m ⁇ , contributes just as much as the material of the resistance body to the overall resistance.
  • metal electrodes and the filler-filled polymers usually used as material for the resistance body have different electrical conductivities and different coefficients of thermal expansion. This can result in mechanical stresses inside the resistor, which may impair its mechanical and electrical properties.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a current-limiting resistor with PTC behavior, which can be produced in a simple and inexpensive manner and has both a high nominal current carrying capacity and a wide voltage range as well as great operational reliability.
  • the resistor body exhibiting PTC behavior is designed in such a way that it ensures both the electrical contact to the connection electrodes and to the varistor. This saves metal electrodes serving for electrical contacting of the varistor.
  • the resistor according to the invention can be produced extremely inexpensively and in a method which is particularly suitable for series production.
  • the one holding the varistor and the connection electrodes and usually one Resistive bodies formed of filler-filled polymer can namely be produced very inexpensively in a common plastic processing method, such as by injection molding.
  • the material of the resistance body designed as a filler-filled polymer, adapts particularly well to the body of the varistor, which body generally consists of a metal oxide ceramic, it is also possible, if appropriate, to dispense with a planar contact metallization which is normally provided in the varistor.
  • Another advantage can be seen in the fact that the response point connected in parallel to the varistor and executing a PTC transition can be arranged at a distance from the varistor by suitable formation of the resistance body, in which a thermal feedback between the response point heated during the PTC transition and the Varistor is not to be feared.
  • the resistor according to the invention has more than two varistors connected in series, there are no metal electrodes between the individual varistors and between partial bodies of the resistance body which exhibit PTC behavior and which, like the varistors, are connected in series.
  • the cold resistance of the resistor is thus significantly reduced and, accordingly, the nominal current carrying capacity of the current-limiting resistor according to the invention is considerably improved.
  • a particularly high rated current carrying capacity is achieved if the resistance body is made in one piece.
  • the low contact resistance otherwise present between the individual sub-bodies is then completely eliminated.
  • the resistor can then be manufactured in a particularly cost-effective manner.
  • 1 to 6, 10 and 11 each show a side view of preferred embodiments of the current-limiting resistor according to the invention with two connection electrodes lying parallel to one another, a resistor body with PTC behavior arranged between the connection electrodes and one or more varistors contacted with the resistor body.
  • FIGS. 7 to 9 show a side view from the right of a part of the resistor designed according to FIGS. 1 and 2 designed as a contact point.
  • FIG. 12 shows a diagram in which the time profile of electrical variables is shown, which are typical for the behavior of the resistor designed according to FIG. 2 when a short-circuit current is limited, such as the voltage U PTC applied to the resistor body and the one conducted in the resistor body Current I PTC and the current I varistor carried in the varistor.
  • the current-limiting resistors shown in FIGS. 1 to 6, 10 and 11 each contain a resistance body 3, which is arranged between two metal connecting electrodes 1, 2 aligned parallel to one another and are in surface contact, and a varistor 40 or more varistors 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45.
  • the varistors 40-45 are preferably formed from a doped ceramic based on a metal oxide, such as ZnO, or a titanate, such as SrTiO 3 or BaTiO 3 , or a carbide, such as SiC.
  • the varistor 40 provided in the embodiments according to FIGS. 1, 2 and 10 has a breakdown voltage which is above the nominal voltage of the electrical system in which the resistor is used.
  • a plurality of varistors for example the varistors 40, 41, 42, 43, 44 and 45, are arranged in series in a stack. This varistor stack has a breakdown voltage which is also above the nominal voltage of the electrical system containing the current-limiting resistor.
  • the resistance body 3 consists of a material exhibiting PTC behavior and can be formed from a polymer, in particular thermoplastic or thermosetting, filled with an electrically conductive filler, such as, for example, conductive carbon black, TiC or TiB 2 .
  • the resistors according to the invention can be produced in a simple manner as follows: First of all, varistors 40 to 45 are produced using a process customary in varistor technology, such as by pressing or casting and subsequent sintering of a ceramic base substance doped with various metal oxides, such as ZnO. These varistors are plate-shaped and have a thickness of, for example, 2 mm. The varistors can be metallized on their flat sides to improve the current transfer.
  • a shear mixer is used to produce PTC material from a thermoplastic polymer, such as a polyethylene, and an electrically conductive, powdery filler, such as, for example, TiC.
  • the resistance body 3 is produced from the PTC material, for example by injection molding.
  • the varistor 40 or two or more of the varistors 40 to 45 are installed in the resistance body 3. Then the connection electrodes 1, 2 brought to the resistance body and fixed by exerting contact pressure. Since the resistance body 3 is made of compressible material and at the same time is designed to be elastically bendable in the pressure direction, the contact pressure also fixes the varistor or the varistors in the resistance body 3.
  • the resistance body 3 has two contact surfaces 50, 51 and a response point 60 which is connected in parallel with the varistor 40 via the two contact surfaces 50, 51.
  • the response point 60 is dimensioned such that it carries out a PTC transition if a current carried in the resistor exceeds a predetermined threshold value.
  • the resistance body is essentially U-shaped.
  • the contact surfaces 50 and 51 are each arranged on the inner surfaces of the legs of the U. This ensures that the varistor 40 is connected in an electrically conductive manner to the connection electrodes 1, 2 via the resistance body 3 without additional metal contacts.
  • an intermediate piece 70 made of metal or conductive polymer is additionally provided, which is arranged between a contact surface of the varistor 40 and the contact surface 51 of the resistance body 3. On the one hand, this intermediate piece enables the U to be widened. On the other hand, the intermediate piece 70 serves to absorb thermal energy from the varistor 40. Such energy is generated when a leakage current is passed through the varistor 40 due to an overvoltage occurring at the contact surfaces 50, 51.
  • the response point 60 is located in the curved connecting part of the U. This shifting of the response point to the outside protects the varistor 40 from thermal heating during a PTC transition and, on the other hand, the build-up of undesirable mechanical stresses in the PTC transition Resistor body 3 largely avoided.
  • the response point can have the same cross-section as the resistance body 3 in the region of the two contact surfaces 50, 51, since a local increase in the resistance is already ensured by the bending of the U.
  • the contact point will be designed as a material indentation which reduces the cross section of the U in the area of its bend.
  • the cross section of the resistance body 3 in the area of the response point 60 should be smaller than each of the two contact surfaces between the resistance body and the two connection electrodes 1, 2, since only then can the PTC transition to the response point 60 be shifted.
  • Structural designs of the contact point 60 can be seen from FIGS. 7, 8 and 9 and can be made by fitting the cross section of the U transversely to the plane of the drawing (FIG. 7) or in the direction of the legs of the U in the plane of the drawing (FIG. 8 in connection with the figures) 1 and 2), by arranging slots 601 (FIG. 9) which are guided in the direction of the ends of the U and run essentially parallel to one another, or in a particularly simple manner through round through holes.
  • the slotted embodiment of the contact point 60 is characterized in that the current is not only distributed uniformly over the narrowed cross section, but that when the PTC transition is carried out, the material of the contact point can move in practically all directions, thereby causing undesirable mechanical stresses can be avoided in the resistor body 3 in a particularly strong mass.
  • the current fed in via the connection electrode 1 flows via the resistance body 3 designed as U to the connection electrode 2. If a short-circuit current or an impermissibly high overcurrent occurs in the load circuit, this leads particularly to the response point 60 high current density to a PTC transition.
  • the ohmic resistance of the resistance body 3 increases very rapidly by several orders of magnitude in the region of the contact point 60 the current flowing through the resistor is quickly limited.
  • overvoltages that occur are dissipated by leakage currents. Since the varistor 40 in this case absorbs energy and is heated up considerably, it is particularly advantageous that the response point 60, which is also strongly heated by the PTC transition, is arranged spatially separated from the varistor 40.
  • the resistance body 3 has further contact surfaces, of which, for reasons of clarity, only the contact surfaces 52 and 53 which carry the varistor 41 at potential are designated.
  • the other contact areas such as. B. 52, 53, each parallel to one, e.g. 41, the other varistors 41 to 45, further contact points are connected, of which only the contact point 61 is shown for reasons of clarity.
  • these further contact points are formed locally decoupled from the varistors in the resistance body 3 and, in accordance with the contact point 60, carry out a PTC transition if the current carried in the resistor exceeds the predetermined threshold value.
  • the embodiments of the resistor according to the invention containing at least two varistors 40, 41 connected in series are provided for use in load circuits with high voltages. If a large current occurs, the response points 60, 61 connected in series carry out the PTC transition and the current flowing through the resistor is thus quickly limited. After the current at the connection electrodes 1, 2 has been limited, overvoltages which occur are dissipated by leakage currents which are conducted in the varistors 40, 41 connected in series. If one of the contact points, for example the contact point 61, speaks before the other contact points have responded, the occurrence becomes impermissibly higher Overvoltages at this point of contact avoided by the varistor connected in parallel.
  • the resistance body 3 is made up of partial bodies 30 to 35 and 30 'to 34' and 36 and 37, each with two sections running parallel to the connection electrodes and at least one of the two Sections connecting and the contact point, e.g. 60, 61, built part. Between the two sections of the partial body, e.g. 31, 31 'or 36 is one of the varistors, e.g. 41, arranged.
  • the partial bodies 30 to 35 are each designed as a U and are joined to one another in such a way that the resistance body 3 forms a meander.
  • this meander two successive U's in pairs in the meander are rotated against each other by 180 ° and pushed into one another such that one of the legs of one of the U is located between the legs of the other U.
  • the varistors can then be contacted with the resistance body 3 by simply pushing them into the U without additional spacing means.
  • a particularly good mechanical strength of the resistance body 3 is obtained if, as can be seen from the embodiment according to FIG. 5, at least one of the U, for example the partial body 31 ', in each case one of the varistors, for example 41, and one leg each between the two sections two U, for example the partial bodies 30 'and 32', which are adjacent to one another in the resistance body and are only spaced apart by the varistor, are arranged. If, in addition, the mutually facing inner surfaces of the superimposed legs of the U, for example the partial bodies 31 'and 32' or 30 'and 31', are beveled in a wedge shape, the resistance body 3 can be produced particularly easily by wedging the individual Us against one another. In addition, the U produced by injection molding can then be easily removed from the injection mold.
  • the successive varistors 40 to 45 or 40 to 44 in the resistance body 3 can additionally be bent by U-shaped intermediate pieces 701, 702 (for reasons of clarity, only two such parts are dashed in FIG. 3) indicated) are connected.
  • this results in a particularly low-resistance series connection of the varistors and, on the other hand, the heat generated by the varistors when leakage currents occur is conducted away from the interior of the resistor.
  • FIGS. 4 and 11 show embodiments of the resistor according to the invention, in which the resistor body is made in one piece. Since the contact resistance between the individual partial bodies is eliminated in these embodiments, the resistance body 3 is distinguished by a particularly low ohmic resistance. At the same time, the resistance body can be produced in one casting process and the resistance can then be produced in a particularly simple and cost-saving manner by subsequently plugging in the varistors and the optionally provided intermediate pieces 70 to 73 or 70, 71. In the case of a disk-shaped design of the varistors, the resistance body 3 then has pockets of semicircular cross section which are open towards the front and closed towards the rear and into which the individual varistors are inserted during the manufacture of the resistor.
  • the resistance body 3 can be designed as follows: as a U with a curved (FIGS. 1 to 5) or straight connecting section, as a double U with curved connecting sections (FIG. 2 with dashed lines) or straight connecting sections, as a screw line (FIG. 10) as Double or multiple screw line (Fig. 10 with dashed lines), as a meander ( Figures 3 to 5), as a double meander ( Figures 6 and 11) or garland or double garland (stacking of several partial bodies, which according to the partial body according to Fig. 10 are trained).
  • the resistance body is designed as a double U, double screw line, double meander or double garland, it can have, in addition to the contact point 60, an additional contact point 60 'connected in parallel thereto (FIGS. 2, 6, 10 and 11).
  • a resistor provided with such a resistance body 3 is characterized by great strength, greater current carrying capacity and ease of manufacture. At the same time, thermal and mechanical forces occurring during the PTC transition are evenly distributed throughout the resistance.
  • the part containing the contact point 60 or the part of the U or the double U containing the contact points 60, 60 ', 61,... Is bent, then when executing of the PTC transition, mechanical force generated by strong local heating of the resistance body in the area of the response points is reduced due to the spring action of the legs of the U or double U to the part of the resistance body containing the varistors. If the response points are guided in predominantly horizontally guided areas of the connecting parts of the U or double U, practically no counterforce weakening the vertically acting contact force of the resistor is generated.
  • the resistor can be designed to be particularly space-saving.
  • the resistance body 3 is designed as a screw line, garland or double or multiple garland, particularly good cooling of the resistance is achieved, since ambient air is then guided along the spiral line-shaped resistance body 3 into the interior of the resistance.
  • the response points 60, 60 ' are molded into a predominantly horizontally guided part of the resistance body.
  • the resistance body can also have other, but topologically similar shapes, which are possibly adapted to the topology of the varistor or varistors.
  • the varistor can take virtually any cross-sectional shape and can be round, rectangular or oval, for example.
  • FIG. 2 The mode of operation of a resistor designed according to the invention can be seen from FIG.
  • This resistor is designed in accordance with the embodiment shown in FIG. 2.
  • the U-shape of the resistance body 3 was produced by warm bending a plate made of PTC material with 90 mm ⁇ 40 mm ⁇ 1.5 mm around a 6 mm thick rod.
  • the curved resistance body 3 had a constant cross section over the entire U and had an ohmic resistance of 160 m ⁇ .
  • a prospective short-circuit current of 12 kA was supplied to the resistor in a load circuit. This current was evidently limited to a current peak of 1.2 kA and was already less than 200 A after 1 ms.
  • the resistance was able to hold the recurring voltage without problems for at least 100 ms, ie over 5 periods.
  • the current peak was even limited to 1 kA with a suitably designed resistor, but with a reduced cross-section due to through holes or material constriction.
  • the ohmic resistance of this element was somewhat larger at 250 m ⁇ .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
EP97810116A 1996-03-30 1997-03-03 Résistance de limitation de courant à comportement PTC Expired - Lifetime EP0798750B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19612841A DE19612841A1 (de) 1996-03-30 1996-03-30 Strombegrenzender Widerstand mit PTC-Verhalten
DE19612841 1996-03-30

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0798750A2 true EP0798750A2 (fr) 1997-10-01
EP0798750A3 EP0798750A3 (fr) 1998-12-02
EP0798750B1 EP0798750B1 (fr) 2005-05-04

Family

ID=7790045

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP97810116A Expired - Lifetime EP0798750B1 (fr) 1996-03-30 1997-03-03 Résistance de limitation de courant à comportement PTC

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US5861795A (fr)
EP (1) EP0798750B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH1022109A (fr)
DE (2) DE19612841A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6259349B1 (en) 1998-07-25 2001-07-10 Abb Research Ltd. Electrical component with a constriction in a PTC polymer element

Families Citing this family (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1168378A1 (fr) * 2000-06-19 2002-01-02 Abb Research Ltd. Procédé de production d'un dispositif PTC
US6411191B1 (en) 2000-10-24 2002-06-25 Eaton Corporation Current-limiting device employing a non-uniform pressure distribution between one or more electrodes and a current-limiting material
DE10058908C1 (de) * 2000-11-21 2002-08-08 Siemens Ag Anordnung zum Abbau von Überspannungen mit mehreren Varistoren
DE10144364A1 (de) 2001-09-10 2003-04-03 Epcos Ag Elektrisches Vielschichtbauelement
US20090148802A1 (en) * 2007-12-05 2009-06-11 Jan Ihle Process for heating a fluid and an injection molded molding
US20090148657A1 (en) * 2007-12-05 2009-06-11 Jan Ihle Injection Molded PTC-Ceramics
US9034210B2 (en) * 2007-12-05 2015-05-19 Epcos Ag Feedstock and method for preparing the feedstock
US20090145977A1 (en) * 2007-12-05 2009-06-11 Jan Ihle Injection molded nozzle and injector comprising the injection molded nozzle
US20090146042A1 (en) * 2007-12-05 2009-06-11 Jan Ihle Mold comprising a ptc-ceramic
US7973639B2 (en) * 2007-12-05 2011-07-05 Epcos Ag PTC-resistor
CN117393253A (zh) 2022-07-04 2024-01-12 国巨电子（中国）有限公司 抗浪涌电阻器及其制造方法

Citations (4)

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US4780598A (en) * 1984-07-10 1988-10-25 Raychem Corporation Composite circuit protection devices
JPH01158702A (ja) * 1987-12-15 1989-06-21 Murata Mfg Co Ltd 複合機能電子部品
JPH01310509A (ja) * 1988-06-09 1989-12-14 Tdk Corp 回路保護素子
US5064997A (en) * 1984-07-10 1991-11-12 Raychem Corporation Composite circuit protection devices

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US3976854A (en) * 1974-07-31 1976-08-24 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Constant-temperature heater
CH581377A5 (fr) * 1975-02-11 1976-10-29 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie
DE3204207C2 (de) * 1982-02-08 1985-05-23 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Elektrischer Widerstand mit einem keramischen PTC-Körper und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
DE4142523A1 (de) * 1991-12-21 1993-06-24 Asea Brown Boveri Widerstand mit ptc - verhalten
DE4221309A1 (de) * 1992-06-29 1994-01-05 Abb Research Ltd Strombegrenzendes Element
DE4230848C1 (de) * 1992-09-15 1993-12-23 Siemens Matsushita Components Vielfachkaltleiter
US5379022A (en) * 1993-05-03 1995-01-03 Fluke Corporation Thermistor device with extended operating range

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US4780598A (en) * 1984-07-10 1988-10-25 Raychem Corporation Composite circuit protection devices
US5064997A (en) * 1984-07-10 1991-11-12 Raychem Corporation Composite circuit protection devices
JPH01158702A (ja) * 1987-12-15 1989-06-21 Murata Mfg Co Ltd 複合機能電子部品
JPH01310509A (ja) * 1988-06-09 1989-12-14 Tdk Corp 回路保護素子

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Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 013, no. 429 (E-823), 25. September 1989 & JP 01 158702 A (MURATA MFG CO LTD), 21. Juni 1989 *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 014, no. 108 (E-0896), 27. Februar 1990 & JP 01 310509 A (TDK CORP), 14. Dezember 1989 *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6259349B1 (en) 1998-07-25 2001-07-10 Abb Research Ltd. Electrical component with a constriction in a PTC polymer element

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE59712291D1 (de) 2005-06-09
EP0798750B1 (fr) 2005-05-04
US5861795A (en) 1999-01-19
DE19612841A1 (de) 1997-10-02
EP0798750A3 (fr) 1998-12-02
JPH1022109A (ja) 1998-01-23

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