EP0796500A1 - Procede et dispositif de fabrication d'une piece de contact - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif de fabrication d'une piece de contact

Info

Publication number
EP0796500A1
EP0796500A1 EP96933439A EP96933439A EP0796500A1 EP 0796500 A1 EP0796500 A1 EP 0796500A1 EP 96933439 A EP96933439 A EP 96933439A EP 96933439 A EP96933439 A EP 96933439A EP 0796500 A1 EP0796500 A1 EP 0796500A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
powder
mold
base body
contact
sintered structure
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP96933439A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0796500B1 (fr
Inventor
Dietmar Gentsch
Georg Sawitzki
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ABB Patent GmbH
Original Assignee
ABB Patent GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ABB Patent GmbH filed Critical ABB Patent GmbH
Publication of EP0796500A1 publication Critical patent/EP0796500A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0796500B1 publication Critical patent/EP0796500B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
    • H01H1/0203—Contacts characterised by the material thereof specially adapted for vacuum switches
    • H01H1/0206—Contacts characterised by the material thereof specially adapted for vacuum switches containing as major components Cu and Cr

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for producing a contact piece according to the preamble of claims 1 and 13
  • the contact piece must have a sufficiently high electrical conductivity when the switch is closed, and on the other hand the contact piece must not erode too quickly when a switching arc occurs, so that the service life of the switching device remains sufficiently high.
  • the contact arrangement can be divided into contact pieces that carry the nominal current and contact pieces that drive the arc and must accordingly be erosion-resistant, so that no contact pieces carrying the nominal current can be provided in a vacuum switch that the only contact piece arrangement must lead both the nominal current and the arc
  • the contact pieces for a vacuum switch were made from two or more metallic components in which a sintered metal structure, which often consists essentially of chromium, is soaked with copper, so that a contact body made of a chromium-copper alloy can be produced on an industrial scale
  • Chromium-copper contacts can also be produced by powder metallurgy from the corresponding metals, here contact pieces are formed which consist entirely of this mixture
  • REPLACEMENT BLA ⁇ (RULE 26) Since the erosion-resistant material, for example chromium, has a lower electrical conductivity than copper, efforts are made to keep the chromium content in the entire contact piece as low as possible, which can be done in a variety of ways are known from DE 31 07 688, for example, to coat the surface by a plasma spraying process
  • DE 35 41 584 discloses a method and a device for producing metal composite materials and contact pieces for electrical switching devices produced therewith in which the surface of the base body is partially melted with a suitable energy beam and powder active components are supplied to the melting volume and in the base material are installed
  • the substrate surface ie the surface of the carrier body
  • the additive is applied to the substrate surface in the form of a loose powder layer, thereby wetting the powder in the powder layer or the powder layer becoming flush ⁇ material soaked from the melted local area, whereby the powder of the powder layer is integrated into the surface of the substrate and the desired surface layer is formed
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method for producing a contact piece which is simple to carry out and in which a contact piece is produced which has good electrical conductivity with high arc erosion resistance and sufficient mechanical strength
  • the base body and the sintered structure are placed one above the other in a preferably cup-like shape and then up to the melting temperature.
  • SPARE BLADE (RULE 26) temperature of the first material but still heated below the melting temperature of the second material so that the first material melts and penetrates into the sintered layer
  • the second material can be applied or sprinkled on the first material in powder form. Thereafter, both materials are first brought to a sintering temperature below the melting temperature of the first material to produce the sintered structure and then above the melting temperature of the first material heated It has been found in examinations that, especially when the mold is made of steel, the copper wets the inner wall of the steel mold, so that when the amount of powder is at the same height or below the edge of the mold, the applied chrome-copper layer differs from the The edge is lowered inwards so that the entire contact body layer is twisted off during reworking in the edge area
  • the mold is overfilled with powder so that the powder protrudes beyond the edge of the mold.
  • a molded ring is placed on the base body, which ensures that the powder is beveled conically in the edge area Cone angle is an embankment angle that is dependent on the grain size of the powder. In any case, such an angle must be chosen so that the powder does not trickle downwards in this area
  • the basic body can also have a cup-shaped depression on its contact side, into which the second material is introduced, the edge of the depression should then project beyond the edge of the shape
  • the cup-like shape can consist of metal, preferably of steel or stainless steel, this shape then remains on the finished contact piece as a so-called lost shape.
  • This lost shape has the advantage that it mechanically reinforces the contact piece on the side opposite the contact surface and stiffened If ferritic steel is used, the wall of the cup shape is expediently only partially removed, to the extent that when the arc is switched off, the arc does not reach the end edge of the shape made of the ferrous steel.
  • the arc contracts and is set in rotation by the spiral shape to is only partially turned off after cooling, i.e. is still present on the outer edge of the contact piece, then this wall together with the wall of the opposite contact piece reinforces the axial magnetic field in the circumferential region, which is particularly advantageous if an axial magnetic field is taken by suitable measures between the opened contacts is produced
  • the form instead of producing the form entirely from ceramic, it can have a bottom made of carbon (graphite) and a wall made of ceramic printed against the bottom.
  • the inner surface of the wall made of ceramic is the first material is not wetted, so that after solidification the surface is convexly curved.
  • Al 2 O 3 can advantageously be used as the ceramic
  • a contact piece is to be produced which is installed in a vacuum interrupter chamber, then oxygen-free, highly conductive copper is used as the copper and the heating is carried out in a high vacuum furnace.
  • the chrome powder degasses in a high vacuum furnace at temperatures below the copper melting point. In the course of this extrusion gas, the powder sinters together to form a stiff porous framework, the thickness of the layer changing insignificantly. It is of course also possible to subject the chrome powder to a compressive force during this degassing process, which can be done with an appropriate pressure stamp After completion of this process, the system is then briefly heated above the copper melting point, so that the porous chromium layer is impregnated with high-purity copper without pores.
  • chrome powder any type of metal can of course be used, provided that its melting temperature is above that of the melting point of the carrier body.
  • any other metal and mixtures of these metals can accordingly be used
  • the invention can also be used for the production of contact pieces for switching devices that are not vacuum interrupters. If, instead of a plate-like basic body shape, the basic body has a rounded dome shape, then this can also be inserted in a shape made of steel, for example. are set, it is then completely filled with the second material so that the dome-shaped base body is completely covered. Here too, filling the mold with the second material makes sense in the same way as with the disk-shaped contact pieces
  • the thickness of the contact layer is also determined with the thickness of the powder layer; depending on the grain size of the powder and the sintering process, the proportion of chromium in the contact layer can be varied
  • FIG. 13 shows the arrangement according to FIG. 12 after the heat treatment
  • FIG. 14 shows a temperature-time diagram for the heat treatment of the contact pieces
  • a base body 13 made of copper which has a bowl-shaped depression 14 with an axially projecting edge 15 on its contact-side surface, chrome powder 16 is filled into the bowl mold 14, 15.
  • the annular gap 17 between the inner surface of the mold 10 and the outer surface of the base body 13 should be as narrow as possible.
  • the mold 10 with the base body 13 and the chromium powder 16 (hereinafter also referred to as contact layer 16) is introduced into a high-vacuum furnace and according to FIG 14 subjected to a heat treatment First the arrangement is heated to a temperature Ti which is below the melting point of the material from which the basic body 13 is made.
  • the temperature Ti For copper this is a temperature of 1 083 ° C, the temperature Ti must be less than 1 083 ° C During the period .DELTA.t E , the arrangement is degassed and by the fusion, the powder 16 sinters together and nd a porous framework forms a sintered structure.
  • T 2 the temperature inside the furnace
  • the sintered structure is impregnated with copper, so that the contact layer is formed Cooling then takes place inside the furnace, a shield 18 being arranged around the arrangement according to FIG.
  • each having an opening 19 and 20 in the wall 21 running parallel to the bottom 11 of the mold 10 in the region of the central axis MM of the arrangement and 22 of the shield 18 thus allows heat energy E to radiate through the openings 19 and 20, whereas the heat energy W which is emitted from the edge of the arrangement is reflected back to the edge by the shield 18.
  • the cooling is controlled from the inside, i.e. from the Center MM outwards, thereby preventing cavities in the area of the center MM should possibly be in the area of the edge Small cavities occur, so these can be removed easily by machining.
  • FIG. 6 shows the finished contact piece 23 and it can be seen that the collar 15 in the contact layer 16a
  • the thickness of the contact layer 16a depends on the depth or height of the powder layer 16 of FIG. 1
  • the shape is made of a material that is not wetted by the copper of the base body 13
  • the mold 24 is made of metal, stainless steel or steel, this mold is wetted by copper and is then a so-called lost mold and is part of the contact piece
  • a cover or a plate 25 is applied to the collar 15, which has holes 26 through which the gas can escape from the powder during the sintering and degassing process.
  • the outer diameter of the plate 25 may be smaller than the inside diameter of the collar 15, then the plate 25 can be pressed against the powder with a certain compressive force, whereby the size of the cavities formed during the sintering and degassing process can be influenced
  • the bottom 27 of the mold 24 and the side wall 28 are coated with ceramic 29 and 30, so that the sintered contact piece can be removed from the mold 24.
  • the coating 29 There is also the possibility of omitting the coating 29, so that the copper of the base body 13 wets the bottom 27
  • a plate 31 made of copper is inserted into the mold 24.
  • a ring 32 is placed on the plate 31 made of copper, which has a radial collar 33 and a cylindrical projection 34.
  • the cylindrical projection 34 has one Outer diameter which fits exactly into the wall 28 of the mold 24.
  • the inner surface 35 of the cylindrical projection 32 is conical and in fact widens towards the bottom 24.
  • the angle ⁇ which forms a surface line with the adjacent surface of the copper plate 31 is to be dimensioned such that that on the Powder 36 placed on plate 31 does not fall down when ring 32 is removed.
  • the angle u is practically a Bosch angle, it depends on the grain size of the powder 36
  • the mold 24 is thus overfilled and a contact piece shape is formed in which the parting plane 16b of the contact layer 16 and the base body 13a is very flat, provided that the adjacent surface of the base body 13a was even if the adjacent surface of the base body 13a has a different shape, then this parting plane will correspond to this other shape, since the sintered structure is influenced by this surface of the contact body or base body 13
  • the basic body 70 is dimensioned with a projecting collar 71 according to FIG. 7 to form a recess 72 so that it projects beyond the free edge 73 of the side wall 74 of the shape 75 which corresponds to the shape 24
  • a ring 81 can be placed on the base body 80, the outer diameter of which corresponds to the inner diameter of the side wall 74 of the shape 75. The ring 81 projects beyond the edge 73
  • the side wall 74 of the lost mold 75 is turned off, the free edge 76 being chamfered and lying below the parting plane 77 between the base body 78 and the contact layer 79, so that an arc does not contact the side wall 74 the mold comes into contact.
  • the beveled edge surface or end face can be replaced by a concave arch shape 82.
  • the mold 75 is produced from ferritic material. This creates an axial magnetic field 83 in the area of the side walls 74 between the contact piece shown in FIG. 9 or FIG. 10 and a similarly formed, opposite contact piece, which has further advantages, in particular if suitable measures are taken between the opening pieces an axial magnetic field is generated
  • the base body is drawn as a disk, possibly with a projecting edge. It is also possible, see FIG. 11, to insert a dome-shaped base body 85 into a mold 84 which corresponds to the molds 24, 75 and to fill the space 86 between the mold 84 and the base body 85 with powder 87, the free area 88 of the powder projects beyond the edge 89 of the mold 84 and an embankment similar to the embankment 35 of FIG. 5 is formed there.
  • the arrangement according to FIG. 11 can now be subjected to a heat treatment process in the same way as, for example, the arrangements according to FIG. 1 to 6
  • the dome-shaped base body 85 is in the sintered structure, which is formed by the powder 87. penetrate and - by means of suitable machining post-processing, a dome-shaped contact piece can be formed, which can be used as an arcing break contact in a high-voltage circuit breaker in which an isothermal gas is used as the quenching medium
  • the shape according to FIG. 1 is a ceramic shape which is produced, for example, from Al 2 O 3
  • a mold which has a carbon plate (graphite plate) 90 on which a cylindrical ring 91 made of Al 2 O 3 is placed.
  • a base body is inserted into the ring 91 on the plate , which, since it resembles the basic bodies according to FIGS. 1 to 4, is given the reference number 13.
  • the ring 91 must be pressed against the plate 90 with mechanical force F, so that liquid copper is avoided through the gap between the ring 91 and the plate 90
  • the contact layer 92 is convexly curved, in particular in the peripheral edge, since the copper of the base body 13 does not wet the ceramic ring.
  • the base body is preferably oxygen-free highly conductive copper is used, chrome powder is used to form the contact layer.
  • any type of material erialien can be used for both the base body and the contact layer provided the material of the base body is good electrical conductor and the material for the contact layer is erosion-resistant and has a low tendency to weld.
  • Copper and chrome are only common materials that are usually used in vacuum interrupters As is known, the copper-chromium mixture ratio can be adjusted over a wide range by sintered metallurgy, so that the electrical resistance value, the arc resistance and the tendency to weld can be optimized.
  • the chrome powder can have different grain sizes or only a grain size in a narrow large range Grains of different shapes are used, and it is also possible to use a mixture of chrome-copper powder to form the sintered structure for the contact layer It is shown above that all sintered structures are produced by applying powder in a resilient form to the base body and then sintering the free-flowing powder. It is also possible to place a previously sintered plate on the base body; The considerations regarding convex or concave surface shape that apply to the designs according to FIGS. 1 to 13 must also be observed when a sintered plate (green compact) is placed on top.
  • the inner surface of the mold 24 could be covered with a film of a material that is insoluble in the copper melt, e.g. B Tungsten or molybdenum are coated so that the shape is separated from the copper melt, similar to the version with the coating 29, 30 with ceramic.
  • a material that is insoluble in the copper melt e.g. B Tungsten or molybdenum are coated so that the shape is separated from the copper melt, similar to the version with the coating 29, 30 with ceramic.
  • a high-vacuum furnace will have to be used for the production of contact pieces for a vacuum switch so that the chrome powder can be degassed sufficiently.
  • a protective gas atmosphere could also prevail in the furnace

Landscapes

  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Switches (AREA)
  • Contacts (AREA)
  • High-Tension Arc-Extinguishing Switches Without Spraying Means (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de fabrication d'une pièce de contact constituée d'un corps de base réalisé dans un matériau (premier matériau) bon conducteur l'électricité et d'une couche de contact réalisée dans un matériau (second matériau) moins bon conducteur d'électricité et résistant à la combustion due à l'arc électrique. La couche de contact présente une structure frittée imprégnée par le matériau du corps de base. Le corps de base et la structure frittée sont superposés dans un moule en forme de cuvette où ils sont chauffés à une température supérieure à la température de fusion du premier matériau mais inférieure à la température de fusion du second matériau de telle façon que le premier matériau fonde et pénètre dans la structure frittée. La structure frittée peut en l'occurrence être produite en répandant sur le premier matériau le second matériau sous forme pulvérulente et ensuite en procédant à un frittage, selon un procédé de dégazage, à une température inférieure à la température de fusion du premier matériau. Il est également possible de fabriquer préalablement la structure frittée et de poser une ébauche de compact sur le corps de base.
EP96933439A 1995-10-10 1996-10-02 Procede et dispositif de fabrication d'une piece de contact Expired - Lifetime EP0796500B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19537657A DE19537657A1 (de) 1995-10-10 1995-10-10 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines Kontaktstückes
DE19537657 1995-10-10
PCT/EP1996/004294 WO1997014163A1 (fr) 1995-10-10 1996-10-02 Procede et dispositif de fabrication d'une piece de contact

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0796500A1 true EP0796500A1 (fr) 1997-09-24
EP0796500B1 EP0796500B1 (fr) 2001-09-12

Family

ID=7774453

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP96933439A Expired - Lifetime EP0796500B1 (fr) 1995-10-10 1996-10-02 Procede et dispositif de fabrication d'une piece de contact

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US6010659A (fr)
EP (1) EP0796500B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP3652706B2 (fr)
CN (1) CN1070635C (fr)
DE (2) DE19537657A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1997014163A1 (fr)

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DE10019121A1 (de) * 2000-04-18 2001-10-25 Moeller Gmbh Elektrischer Schaltkontakt und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE59607681D1 (de) 2001-10-18
JPH11501766A (ja) 1999-02-09
EP0796500B1 (fr) 2001-09-12
JP3652706B2 (ja) 2005-05-25
WO1997014163A1 (fr) 1997-04-17
DE19537657A1 (de) 1997-04-17
CN1166231A (zh) 1997-11-26
CN1070635C (zh) 2001-09-05
US6010659A (en) 2000-01-04

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