EP0790660A2 - Coupleur directionnel pour le domaine des hautes fréquences - Google Patents

Coupleur directionnel pour le domaine des hautes fréquences Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0790660A2
EP0790660A2 EP97101774A EP97101774A EP0790660A2 EP 0790660 A2 EP0790660 A2 EP 0790660A2 EP 97101774 A EP97101774 A EP 97101774A EP 97101774 A EP97101774 A EP 97101774A EP 0790660 A2 EP0790660 A2 EP 0790660A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coupling
path
directional coupler
coupler according
connection points
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP97101774A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0790660A3 (fr
Inventor
Michael Ludwig
Ralf Rieger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Airbus Defence and Space GmbH
Original Assignee
Daimler Benz Aerospace AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Daimler Benz Aerospace AG filed Critical Daimler Benz Aerospace AG
Publication of EP0790660A2 publication Critical patent/EP0790660A2/fr
Publication of EP0790660A3 publication Critical patent/EP0790660A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
    • H01P5/12—Coupling devices having more than two ports
    • H01P5/16—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port
    • H01P5/18—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port consisting of two coupled guides, e.g. directional couplers
    • H01P5/184—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port consisting of two coupled guides, e.g. directional couplers the guides being strip lines or microstrips

Definitions

  • the invention is based on a directional coupler for the high-frequency range according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • Couplers of this type are generally constructed as discrete components and are therefore spatially large and inexpensive, in particular in the case of industrial series production of HF arrangements, which must all have the same electrical properties and which must be spatially small and mechanically robust.
  • Such RF arrangements are, for example, transmit / receive modules (T / R modules) for phase-controlled antennas.
  • T / R modules transmit / receive modules
  • Such an antenna requires a large number, for example a few thousand, of T / R modules which have to be arranged in close physical proximity, for example at a grid spacing of approximately ⁇ / 4, where ⁇ is the transmission / reception frequency, for example a few GHz. It can be seen that such an arrangement must be produced and adjusted electrically with high precision if the antenna is required to operate with high precision.
  • each T / R module for example, this requires at least one coupler, which is inserted into the circuit arrangement at a predeterminable measuring point, in order, for example, to couple out an RF signal for test, calibration and / or measuring purposes.
  • suitable couplers for this must also be highly precise and, moreover, must have predeterminable tolerances of the electrical properties that are as small as possible. In the case of the couplers mentioned at the outset, however, this can at most be achieved with a high integration and adjustment effort, which is inexpensive, particularly in the case of industrial series production.
  • couplers that can be produced entirely in integrated technology.
  • Such a coupler contains a (main) waveguide to which a further waveguide, for example a ⁇ / 4 waveguide, is coupled, so that a line coupling is created.
  • Such couplers generally require additional passive components (reactances) in order to ensure that RF signals are coupled in or out correctly.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a generic coupler which can be produced inexpensively and reliably in a reproducible manner in integrated line technology with predeterminable tolerances of the electrical properties, in particular in an industrial series production.
  • a first advantage of the invention is that the coupler can be produced entirely in a line technology, for example microstrip technology, which is suitable for the wavelength (frequency) of the signals carried suitable is. No discrete components are required that would otherwise have to be inserted into the circuit arrangement, for example by means of soldered, adhesive or bonded connections. Advantageously, there are no electrical impact points otherwise caused, at which disturbing reflections of the guided wave could occur.
  • a second advantage is that almost loss-free couplers can be produced, that is to say that almost no signal occurs at the isolation path (isolation gate), which signal is otherwise converted into (loss) heat with a corresponding terminating resistor (RF sump).
  • a negligible reflection advantageously occurs at the entrance gate.
  • a third advantage is that broadband couplers can also be produced with high directional sharpness (directional attenuation) and high coupling attenuation.
  • a fourth advantage is that there is no line coupling, so that no disruptive dispersion effects can occur.
  • the exemplary embodiment relates to a coupler in the highest frequency range (X-band, that is to say 8 GHz to 12 GHz) for decoupling an HF signal component, in particular for test, calibration and measurement purposes.
  • X-band that is to say 8 GHz to 12 GHz
  • the coupler is completely constructed in a microstrip line technology suitable for this frequency range.
  • the coupler advantageously has a structure which is completely symmetrical with respect to the gates P1 to P4, so that the terms which characterize a coupler, such as, for example, through path, coupling path, entrance gate, insulated gate, can be selected.
  • This allows, for example, flexible adaptation to other circuit and / or layout requirements with the same so-called circuit layout of the coupler.
  • each of the four gates can be used as an isolated gate.
  • the gate P1 is the input gate into which an RF input signal can be fed.
  • the path between gate P1 and gate P2 (exit gate) is called the through path.
  • the path between the gates P3 and P4 is called the coupling path. Since a so-called forward coupling is used in the coupler, the signal (measurement signal) to be coupled out arises at the (coupling) gate P3, which will be explained in more detail below.
  • the gate P4 is the insulated gate, at which at most a negligible signal component emerges, which, if necessary, can also be supplied to an RF terminating resistor (RF sump).
  • Through and coupling paths are microstrip waveguides.
  • the coupling between these takes place by means of a predeterminable number of coupling capacitors C1 to C3, which can advantageously also be produced in microstrip line technology, for example by a precisely definable line break (line gap) of a corresponding waveguide.
  • both the through and the coupling path consist of a series connection of in each case an input conductor LE, which in each case adjoins a gate P1 to P4, and a predeterminable number of ⁇ / 4 waveguides L4, which have the electrical length ⁇ / 4 have, where ⁇ means the wavelength of the guided wave.
  • the coupling capacitors C1 to C3 are arranged between the paths at the connection points VP which arise between the mentioned line sections LE, L4, L4, LE and which are formed in line technology, for example, as so-called T-pieces.
  • this line wave can propagate in the coupling path in two opposite directions, namely in the desired forward direction represented by reference number 2, that is to say from the isolated gate P4 in the direction of the (coupling) gate P3 (i.e. parallel to the direction of propagation of the am Gate P1 incident line shaft) or in the opposite, undesirable backward direction, which is represented by reference numeral 1, that is, in front of the (coupling) gate P3 in the direction of the isolated gate P4.
  • the line wave guided in the coupling path in the forward direction 2 in turn excites the line waves in the through path. Due to the symmetrical structure, these can also advantageously be superimposed only constructively in the direction of propagation of the incident line shaft, that is to say only emerge at the (output) gate P2. At most, a negligible signal component can also emerge at the (input) gate P1. This is generally referred to as the reflected portion.
  • the relative (frequency) bandwidth of the coupler can be set by the number of stages. There is one Stage, which is outlined in dashed lines in the figure, consists of a ⁇ / 4 line section (in each path) and an associated coupling capacitor. The relative bandwidth increases as the number of stages increases.
  • the directional sharpness denotes the ratio of the power coupled out at the (coupling) gate P3 to the power that can be coupled out at the isolated gate P4.
  • a coupler can be produced, for example, in microstrip technology which has a relative bandwidth in the X-band (8 GHz to 12 GHz) of approximately 20% and a directional sharpness of greater than 30 dB with a coupling attenuation of approximately 30 dB.
  • Couplers of this type are therefore advantageously integrated in current high frequency technology Circuit arrangements, for example so-called MICs (Microwave Integrated Circuits) and MMICs (Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuits) can be implemented.
  • additional discrete components eg coaxial couplers
  • coaxial couplers e.g coaxial couplers
  • such couplers are mechanically robust (insensitive to shock loads), can be produced reliably and reproducibly, that is to say within a predeterminable tolerance range of the electrical properties, in particular in an industrial series production.
  • the invention is not limited to the example described, but can be applied analogously to others.
  • a person skilled in the art is familiar with transposing the arrangement shown in the figure using network theory, for example, in almost every frequency range.

Landscapes

  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
  • Microwave Amplifiers (AREA)
  • Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Resistance Or Impedance (AREA)
EP97101774A 1996-02-15 1997-02-05 Coupleur directionnel pour le domaine des hautes fréquences Withdrawn EP0790660A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19605569 1996-02-15
DE19605569A DE19605569A1 (de) 1996-02-15 1996-02-15 Richtkoppler für den Hochfrequenzbereich

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0790660A2 true EP0790660A2 (fr) 1997-08-20
EP0790660A3 EP0790660A3 (fr) 1998-06-03

Family

ID=7785461

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP97101774A Withdrawn EP0790660A3 (fr) 1996-02-15 1997-02-05 Coupleur directionnel pour le domaine des hautes fréquences

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US5825260A (fr)
EP (1) EP0790660A3 (fr)
DE (1) DE19605569A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6150897A (en) * 1997-03-31 2000-11-21 Nippon Telegraph And Telephone Corporation Balun circuit with a cancellation element in each coupled line
US7705681B2 (en) 2008-04-17 2010-04-27 Infineon Technologies Ag Apparatus for coupling at least one of a plurality of amplified input signals to an output terminal using a directional coupler

Families Citing this family (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6704277B1 (en) 1999-12-29 2004-03-09 Intel Corporation Testing for digital signaling
DE50105629D1 (de) * 2001-10-13 2005-04-21 Marconi Comm Gmbh Breitbandiger Microstrip-Richtkoppler
US20030093811A1 (en) * 2001-11-13 2003-05-15 General Instrument Corporation Bandwidth directional coupler
US7665063B1 (en) 2004-05-26 2010-02-16 Pegasystems, Inc. Integration of declarative rule-based processing with procedural programming
US8335704B2 (en) * 2005-01-28 2012-12-18 Pegasystems Inc. Methods and apparatus for work management and routing
US8924335B1 (en) 2006-03-30 2014-12-30 Pegasystems Inc. Rule-based user interface conformance methods
DE102007008753A1 (de) 2007-02-22 2008-08-28 Rohde & Schwarz Gmbh & Co. Kg Hochlastkoppler
US8250525B2 (en) 2007-03-02 2012-08-21 Pegasystems Inc. Proactive performance management for multi-user enterprise software systems
US7863998B2 (en) * 2008-02-25 2011-01-04 Broadcom Corporation Method and system for processing signals via directional couplers embedded in an integrated circuit package
KR20110107803A (ko) * 2009-01-19 2011-10-04 스미토모덴키고교가부시키가이샤 방향성 결합기와 이것을 갖는 무선 통신기
US8843435B1 (en) 2009-03-12 2014-09-23 Pegasystems Inc. Techniques for dynamic data processing
US8468492B1 (en) 2009-03-30 2013-06-18 Pegasystems, Inc. System and method for creation and modification of software applications
US8880487B1 (en) 2011-02-18 2014-11-04 Pegasystems Inc. Systems and methods for distributed rules processing
US9195936B1 (en) 2011-12-30 2015-11-24 Pegasystems Inc. System and method for updating or modifying an application without manual coding
US10469396B2 (en) 2014-10-10 2019-11-05 Pegasystems, Inc. Event processing with enhanced throughput
US10698599B2 (en) 2016-06-03 2020-06-30 Pegasystems, Inc. Connecting graphical shapes using gestures
US10698647B2 (en) 2016-07-11 2020-06-30 Pegasystems Inc. Selective sharing for collaborative application usage
US11048488B2 (en) 2018-08-14 2021-06-29 Pegasystems, Inc. Software code optimizer and method
US11567945B1 (en) 2020-08-27 2023-01-31 Pegasystems Inc. Customized digital content generation systems and methods
CN112563711B (zh) * 2020-11-23 2021-07-27 杭州电子科技大学 矩形贴片-半模基片集成波导杂交型90度定向耦合器

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3012210A (en) * 1959-06-04 1961-12-05 Donald J Nigg Directional couplers
US5166690A (en) * 1991-12-23 1992-11-24 Raytheon Company Array beamformer using unequal power couplers for plural beams
FR2722032A1 (fr) * 1994-07-01 1996-01-05 Thomson Consumer Electronics Dispositif de couplage en anneau

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3593208A (en) * 1969-03-17 1971-07-13 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Microwave quadrature coupler having lumped-element capacitors
US4011528A (en) * 1975-07-14 1977-03-08 Stanford Research Institute Semi-lumped element coupler
JPS6345901A (ja) * 1986-08-12 1988-02-26 Fujitsu Ltd 方向性結合器
US4999593A (en) * 1989-06-02 1991-03-12 Motorola, Inc. Capacitively compensated microstrip directional coupler
JPH04280101A (ja) * 1991-03-07 1992-10-06 Fujitsu Ltd 方向性結合器

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3012210A (en) * 1959-06-04 1961-12-05 Donald J Nigg Directional couplers
US5166690A (en) * 1991-12-23 1992-11-24 Raytheon Company Array beamformer using unequal power couplers for plural beams
FR2722032A1 (fr) * 1994-07-01 1996-01-05 Thomson Consumer Electronics Dispositif de couplage en anneau

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
S. TOYODA: "VARIABLE COUPLING DIRECTIONAL COUPLERS USING VARACTOR DIODES" 1982 IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM-DIGEST, 15. - 17.Juni 1982, DALLAS (US), Seiten 419-421, XP002061019 *
S.L. MARCH: "PHASE VELOCITY COMPENSATION IN PARALLEL-COUPLED MICROSTRIP" 1982 IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM-DIGEST , 15. - 17.Juni 1982, DALLAS (US), Seiten 410-412, XP002060929 *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6150897A (en) * 1997-03-31 2000-11-21 Nippon Telegraph And Telephone Corporation Balun circuit with a cancellation element in each coupled line
US7705681B2 (en) 2008-04-17 2010-04-27 Infineon Technologies Ag Apparatus for coupling at least one of a plurality of amplified input signals to an output terminal using a directional coupler

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US5825260A (en) 1998-10-20
EP0790660A3 (fr) 1998-06-03
DE19605569A1 (de) 1997-08-21

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