EP0765289A1 - Verfahren und filter zur herstellung von no 2?-freiem stickstoffmonoxid mit schwefelhaltigen polymeren - Google Patents
Verfahren und filter zur herstellung von no 2?-freiem stickstoffmonoxid mit schwefelhaltigen polymerenInfo
- Publication number
- EP0765289A1 EP0765289A1 EP95922470A EP95922470A EP0765289A1 EP 0765289 A1 EP0765289 A1 EP 0765289A1 EP 95922470 A EP95922470 A EP 95922470A EP 95922470 A EP95922470 A EP 95922470A EP 0765289 A1 EP0765289 A1 EP 0765289A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- filter
- free
- sulfur
- gas
- containing polymer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K33/00—Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P11/00—Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
- B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/22—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
- B01J20/26—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B21/00—Nitrogen; Compounds thereof
- C01B21/20—Nitrogen oxides; Oxyacids of nitrogen; Salts thereof
- C01B21/24—Nitric oxide (NO)
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
- B01D2253/20—Organic adsorbents
- B01D2253/202—Polymeric adsorbents
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/10—Single element gases other than halogens
- B01D2257/102—Nitrogen
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/40—Nitrogen compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/40—Nitrogen compounds
- B01D2257/404—Nitrogen oxides other than dinitrogen oxide
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
- B01D2259/45—Gas separation or purification devices adapted for specific applications
- B01D2259/4533—Gas separation or purification devices adapted for specific applications for medical purposes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
- B01D2259/45—Gas separation or purification devices adapted for specific applications
- B01D2259/4541—Gas separation or purification devices adapted for specific applications for portable use, e.g. gas masks
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for producing nitrogen dioxide-free gases and liquids and a filter for the selective removal of nitrogen dioxide from gases and liquids.
- Nitrogen monoxide gas or nitrogen monoxide gas mixtures which are free of nitrogen dioxide are required in exhaust gas measurement technology for the calibration of measurement and analysis systems.
- NO nitrogen monoxide
- N0 2 brown nitrogen dioxide
- N0 2 The colorless nitrogen monoxide (NO) reacts quickly with molecular oxygen to give brown nitrogen dioxide (N0 2 ).
- NO 2 is therefore formed from NO.
- N0 2 is therefore - due to the omnipresent oxygen - an inherent contamination of NO.
- the content of N0 2 must be very low due to the toxicity. Efforts have therefore not been lacking to selectively absorb the NO 2 once formed or to convert it to NO.
- N0 2 dissolves very well in concentrated inorganic acids such as HN0 3 or H 2 S0 4 . NO can therefore be cleaned very well with the aid of a gas scrubber using the abovementioned acids (A. Golloch, inorganic chemical preparations, Walter de Gruyter Verlag 1985, pp. 232 f.).
- the disadvantage here is the relatively high level of safety and procedural complexity.
- the task was to find a simple method and a filter for the selective removal of NO 2 from NO x -containing gases or liquids.
- the invention therefore relates to a process for the production of NO-containing gases or liquids which are free of NO 2 , a NO x -containing gas or a NO x -containing liquid being brought into contact with a material which contains a sulfur-containing polymer, N0 2 is preferably removed from an NO-containing gas mixture.
- free of NO 2 means that the content of NO in a medium is less than 1 ppm.
- NO x is used as a collective term for the nitrogen oxides NO, N0 2 and N 2 0 and also includes mixtures of these oxides.
- Polymers containing sulfur are, for example, linear or branched polyaryl systems (average molecular weight, Mw: 4000-200000) with the repeating unit of the formula I, which contain at least one thioether group,
- Ar 1 , Ar 2 , Ar 3 , Ar 4 , W, X, Y and Z are independently the same or different.
- the indices n, m, i, j, k, I, o and p are integers from 0 to 4, the sum of which must be at least 2.
- Ar 1 , Ar 2 Ar 3 and Ar 4 in formula (I) stand for simple or directly via para, meta or ortho-linked aryl systems with 6 to 18 carbon atoms.
- W, X, Y and Z represent linking groups selected from -S0 2 -, -S-, -SO-, -0-, -CO-, -C0 2 -, alkyl or alkylidene groups with 1 -6 carbon atoms and -NR 1 groups, where R 1 stands for alkyl or alkylene groups with 1-6 C atoms.
- the aryl systems of the formula (I) can additionally, independently of one another, in accordance with their chemical structure, one or more common functional groups, for example alkyl radicals, halogens, sulfonic acid, amino, nitro, cyano, hydroxy or Contain carboxy groups.
- Block copolymers of units of the formula (I) can also be used.
- Preferred sulfur-containing polymers are polyarylenes with repeating units of the formulas (II-VI), the syntheses of which, for. B. in Chimia 28 (9), 567:
- Particularly preferred sulfur-containing polymers are polyphenylene sulfides (PPS) with the repeating unit of the formula (VIII), the production process for. B. is described in the patents US 3,919, 177, US 4,038,262 and US 4,282,347.
- PPS of the formula (VIII) can also have a 1,2 and / or a 1,3 linkage on the aromatic nucleus up to a proportion of 50 mole percent.
- PPS is understood to mean both the linear and the cross-linked material.
- the PPS of the formula (VIII) can independently of one another have 1 to 4 functional units per aryl unit Contain groups, for example alkyl radicals, halogens, sulfonic acid, hydroxyl, amino, nitro, cyano or carboxy groups.
- polyarylene thioethers according to the invention are used, polyarylene thioethers having an average molecular weight of 4,000 to 200,000, preferably 10,000 to 150,000, in particular 25,000 to 100,000, are generally suitable (determined by gel permeation chromatography).
- the sulfur-containing polymers can be used as powder, fiber, nonwoven, fabric, film, sintered material, molded body or as a coating or impregnation of carrier materials. Moldings with a particularly large surface area can be produced by suitable processes, e.g. with lattice or honeycomb structure.
- the powders have e.g. commercially available particle sizes, whereby granules can also be used. It is important here that the gas or liquid to be treated can be passed through the polymer material, for example in the form of a powder fixed bed, without interference. If the polymers are used as fibers, they are used as staple fibers, needle felt, "non-woven" material, card sliver or fabric. Films or film snippets can also be used in a suitable form.
- Coatings of support materials with a sulfur-containing polymer such as polyphenylene sulfide can be obtained by applying solutions of the sulfur-containing polymer to the support material. Impregnations are produced, for example, by soaking an absorbent carrier material.
- inorganic substances such as glass, silica gel, aluminum oxide, sand, ceramic materials, metal and organic substances such as plastics are used as the carrier material.
- Metals, in particular noble metals and transition metals, or metal oxides such as transition metal oxides, for example by impregnation, which are then present, for example, in the form of small clusters, can also be applied to the sulfur-containing polymers.
- the process according to the invention can be carried out at any temperature which is below the softening point of the polymers used.
- the application temperatures are in the range of minus 30 to + 240 ° C, preferably minus 25 to + 220 ° C.
- Nitrogen dioxide is generally removed quantitatively, the reaction times being dependent on the flow rate, the surface of the cleaning material, the geometry of the absorber and the temperature.
- the time of contact of the sulfur-containing polymer with the medium to be cleaned is in the range from 0.001 seconds to 10 minutes, preferably 0.01 seconds to 5 minutes. The times can also be exceeded.
- the sulfur-containing polymer e.g. Polyarylene thioether
- customary fillers such as chalk, talc, clay, mica, and / or fibrous reinforcing agents, such as glass and / or carbon fibers, whiskers, and other customary additives and processing aids, e.g. Lubricants, release agents, antioxidants, UV stabilizers.
- the method according to the invention can be used for gas streams and liquids containing NO x .
- the process works with a gas, for example NO content in the range from 60 vol.% To 1 ppb, preferably 50 vol.% To 10 ppb and in particular 40 vol.% To 50 ppb.
- the separable N0 2 content is in the range from 50 vol.% To 1 ppb, preferably 20 vol.% To 10 ppb and in particular from 10 vol.% To 10 ppb.
- the ratio between NO and N0 in the gases or liquids to be treated can be from 1,000,000: 1 to 1: 1,000,000, preferably from 10,000: 1 to 1: 10,000 and in particular from 1,000: 1 to 1: 1000.
- the removal of NO 2 can be effected, for example, by using a filter which contains a sulfur-containing polymer.
- the removal of N0 from liquids or gases can also be done, for example, by whirling up a powder that contains sulfur-containing polymer. This can be a stirring of a powder in a liquid.
- the process for removing NO 2 from liquids or gases can be carried out in a batch or column process, as in other conventional adsorption processes for purifying gases or liquids, or in the case of separation processes which are based on an adsorption process.
- Another object of the invention is a filter for removing N0 from NO x -containing gases or NO x -containing liquids containing a sulfur-containing polymer.
- the filter can also be operated in combination with other filter materials, such as dust filters.
- the filter which contains a sulfur-containing polymer, can contain the filter material, for example in the form of a powder bed, a fleece, a fleece-powder mixture, a lattice or honeycomb structure.
- the powder can also be incorporated into nonwovens made of other materials.
- the method and the filter are particularly suitable for the production of NO test gases, for example a raw NO gas which is contaminated with NO 2 and contains a high NO concentration, is passed through the filter and cleaned in the process and then to the desired level Concentration is diluted with an oxygen-free gas.
- NO test gases for example a raw NO gas which is contaminated with NO 2 and contains a high NO concentration
- Concentration is diluted with an oxygen-free gas.
- the dilution and filtering steps can also be performed in parallel or in reverse order.
- the method and the filter according to the invention can be used in medical technology.
- the NO-containing gas and the added air can be combined in front of or in the filter and it can thereby be achieved that an N0 2 -free gas mixture is inhaled.
- the filter can consist, for example, of a breathing mask, in the supply air flow of which the filter containing the sulfur-containing polymer is inserted.
- IRDS Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome
- Lung failure migraines
- persistent pulmonary hypertension based on left heart failure or to improve lung function can be used.
- a so-called NO raw gas consisting of approx. 20 vol.% NO in nitrogen, which was contaminated with 795 ppm N0 2 due to the production process, was passed through a filter cartridge which was filled with polyphenylene sulfide (Mw: 30,000, melting point Tm: 288 * C) in granular form (average particle diameter approx. 1 mm).
- the absorption path is characterized by the following parameters:
- the gas was at the outlet of the absorber bed using an FTIR spectrophotometer (manufacturer: Perkin-Elmer, Ueberlingen, Federal Republic of Germany) and a NO / N0 2 chemoluminescence measuring device (type CSI 1600, Columbia Scientific Instruments, Austin, Texas, USA) to N0 2 - and NO content examined.
- the N0 concentration was below the detection limit of 100 ppb over the entire period of 4 hours over which the measurement was made.
- a gas mixture of 158 ppm NO 2 in nitrogen was passed through a filter cartridge as in Example 1.
- the N0 content of the gas mixture was determined by IR spectroscopy immediately at the outlet of the filter.
- the N0 2 concentration was below the detection limit.
- Example 3 Analogous to Example 1, a capacity was determined for the filter mentioned in Example 1 using a gas mixture of 1% by volume of NO 2 and 99% by volume of nitrogen. The gas mixture was passed through the filter until the N0 content of the gas after the filter rose above an N0 2 content of 1 ppm. The amount of gas that flowed through the filter until the set limit of the N0 2 content was reached was defined as the absorption capacity of the filter. At a temperature of 22 ° C there was an absorption capacity of approx. 2% by weight of the filter mass.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Pulmonology (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
- Gas Separation By Absorption (AREA)
- Polymers With Sulfur, Phosphorus Or Metals In The Main Chain (AREA)
- Filtering Materials (AREA)
- Polyesters Or Polycarbonates (AREA)
- Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
- Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4419860A DE4419860A1 (de) | 1994-06-07 | 1994-06-07 | Verfahren und Filter zur Herstellung von NO¶2¶-freiem Stickstoffmonoxid mit schwefelhaltigen Polymeren |
DE4419860 | 1994-06-07 | ||
PCT/EP1995/001935 WO1995033682A1 (de) | 1994-06-07 | 1995-05-22 | Verfahren und filter zur herstellung von no2-freiem stickstoffmonoxid mit schwefelhaltigen polymeren |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0765289A1 true EP0765289A1 (de) | 1997-04-02 |
Family
ID=6519988
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP95922470A Withdrawn EP0765289A1 (de) | 1994-06-07 | 1995-05-22 | Verfahren und filter zur herstellung von no 2?-freiem stickstoffmonoxid mit schwefelhaltigen polymeren |
Country Status (15)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0765289A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JPH10505315A (de) |
KR (1) | KR970703275A (de) |
CN (1) | CN1150413A (de) |
AU (1) | AU2735495A (de) |
BR (1) | BR9507943A (de) |
CA (1) | CA2192069A1 (de) |
CZ (1) | CZ357996A3 (de) |
DE (1) | DE4419860A1 (de) |
FI (1) | FI964887A (de) |
HU (1) | HU219383B (de) |
NO (1) | NO965220L (de) |
PL (1) | PL317485A1 (de) |
TW (1) | TW309445B (de) |
WO (1) | WO1995033682A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH10509374A (ja) * | 1994-10-25 | 1998-09-14 | ヘキスト・アクチェンゲゼルシャフト | No▲下2▼無含有のガス又は液体を製造するフィルター材料及び方法 |
DE19612289A1 (de) * | 1996-03-28 | 1997-10-02 | Messer Griesheim Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Minderung von Risiken bei der inhalativen NO-Therapie |
DE19962131A1 (de) * | 1999-12-21 | 2001-09-06 | Rainer Haas | Filterbeutel zur Wasserreinigung |
EP1789119B1 (de) | 2004-08-18 | 2017-10-18 | Geno LLC | Umwandlung von stickstoffdioxid (no2) zu stickoxid (no) |
US7618594B2 (en) | 2004-08-18 | 2009-11-17 | Geno Llc | Conversion of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) to nitric oxide (NO) |
JP4641255B2 (ja) * | 2005-12-22 | 2011-03-02 | 住友精化株式会社 | 一酸化窒素精製方法 |
JP5554723B2 (ja) | 2008-01-28 | 2014-07-23 | ゲノ エルエルシー | 二酸化窒素(no2)から一酸化窒素(no)への変換 |
US8607785B2 (en) | 2008-08-21 | 2013-12-17 | Geno Llc | Systems and devices for generating nitric oxide |
CA2763804C (en) | 2009-06-22 | 2018-02-06 | Geno Llc | Nitric oxide therapies |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4016145A (en) * | 1974-08-08 | 1977-04-05 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Production of aromatic sulfide/sulfone polymers |
DE2904872C2 (de) * | 1979-02-09 | 1986-08-14 | UPK Umwelt- und Prozeßkontroll GmbH, 6350 Bad Nauheim | Verfahren zur Erzeugung eines NO/NO↓2↓-Prüfgasgemisches sowie Vorrichtung zu seiner Durchführung |
GB8715530D0 (en) * | 1987-07-02 | 1987-08-12 | Ici Plc | Microporous products |
DE3921500A1 (de) * | 1989-06-30 | 1991-01-03 | Bayer Ag | Polyarylensulfid-folien zur trennung von gasen |
DE69133584T4 (de) * | 1990-12-05 | 2009-11-19 | The General Hospital Corp., Boston | Vorrichtung zum Behandeln einen Lungengefässverengung und von Asthma |
-
1994
- 1994-06-07 DE DE4419860A patent/DE4419860A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1995
- 1995-05-22 AU AU27354/95A patent/AU2735495A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1995-05-22 EP EP95922470A patent/EP0765289A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1995-05-22 CN CN95193496A patent/CN1150413A/zh active Pending
- 1995-05-22 WO PCT/EP1995/001935 patent/WO1995033682A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1995-05-22 CZ CZ963579A patent/CZ357996A3/cs unknown
- 1995-05-22 KR KR1019960706947A patent/KR970703275A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1995-05-22 CA CA002192069A patent/CA2192069A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1995-05-22 BR BR9507943A patent/BR9507943A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1995-05-22 JP JP8500252A patent/JPH10505315A/ja active Pending
- 1995-05-22 HU HU9603354A patent/HU219383B/hu unknown
- 1995-05-22 PL PL95317485A patent/PL317485A1/xx unknown
- 1995-07-03 TW TW084106827A patent/TW309445B/zh active
-
1996
- 1996-12-05 FI FI964887A patent/FI964887A/fi unknown
- 1996-12-06 NO NO965220A patent/NO965220L/no unknown
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO9533682A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO1995033682A1 (de) | 1995-12-14 |
NO965220D0 (no) | 1996-12-06 |
PL317485A1 (en) | 1997-04-14 |
DE4419860A1 (de) | 1995-12-14 |
HUT75290A (en) | 1997-05-28 |
FI964887A0 (fi) | 1996-12-05 |
NO965220L (no) | 1996-12-06 |
HU9603354D0 (en) | 1997-02-28 |
JPH10505315A (ja) | 1998-05-26 |
CA2192069A1 (en) | 1995-12-14 |
KR970703275A (ko) | 1997-07-03 |
CZ357996A3 (en) | 1997-05-14 |
CN1150413A (zh) | 1997-05-21 |
FI964887A (fi) | 1996-12-05 |
AU2735495A (en) | 1996-01-04 |
BR9507943A (pt) | 1997-09-02 |
HU219383B (en) | 2001-03-28 |
TW309445B (de) | 1997-07-01 |
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