EP0763631A1 - Drainageeinrichtung - Google Patents

Drainageeinrichtung Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0763631A1
EP0763631A1 EP96306649A EP96306649A EP0763631A1 EP 0763631 A1 EP0763631 A1 EP 0763631A1 EP 96306649 A EP96306649 A EP 96306649A EP 96306649 A EP96306649 A EP 96306649A EP 0763631 A1 EP0763631 A1 EP 0763631A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
drainage unit
drainage
water
aperture
asphalt
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP96306649A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0763631B1 (de
Inventor
Royston Wayne Burnett-Jones
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Cooper Clarke Group PLC
Original Assignee
Cooper Clarke Group PLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Cooper Clarke Group PLC filed Critical Cooper Clarke Group PLC
Priority to EP01202152A priority Critical patent/EP1143071B1/de
Publication of EP0763631A1 publication Critical patent/EP0763631A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0763631B1 publication Critical patent/EP0763631B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C11/00—Details of pavings
    • E01C11/22—Gutters; Kerbs ; Surface drainage of streets, roads or like traffic areas
    • E01C11/224—Surface drainage of streets
    • E01C11/227—Gutters; Channels ; Roof drainage discharge ducts set in sidewalks
    • E01C11/228—Gutters for porous pavings
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C11/00—Details of pavings
    • E01C11/22—Gutters; Kerbs ; Surface drainage of streets, roads or like traffic areas
    • E01C11/221—Kerbs or like edging members, e.g. flush kerbs, shoulder retaining means ; Joint members, connecting or load-transfer means specially for kerbs
    • E01C11/223—Kerb-and-gutter structures; Kerbs with drainage openings channel or conduits, e.g. with out- or inlets, with integral gutter or with channel formed into the kerb ; Kerbs adapted to house cables or pipes, or to form conduits
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D19/00—Structural or constructional details of bridges
    • E01D19/08—Damp-proof or other insulating layers; Drainage arrangements or devices ; Bridge deck surfacings
    • E01D19/086—Drainage arrangements or devices

Definitions

  • FIG. 1 shows a typical drainage unit 1. This is designed to be placed at the side of a road on a bridge so that the road surface at the edge of the road is level with the bottom edge of the holes 2. The camber of the road causes water to run off the road surface and pass into the drainage unit through the holes 2. The hole 3 in the end wall allows water to pass into an adjacent unit. Units are placed next to one another to produce a drain running the length of the bridge.
  • FIG. 2 shows a cross-section through a typical bridge.
  • a concrete deck 4 is covered with a waterproof membrane 5 and a layer of red sand asphalt 6 to protect the waterproof membrane.
  • the road is surfaced with an asphalt base course 7A and an asphalt wearing course 7B.
  • the asphalt layers will not be watertight, and some water will permeate through them.
  • the red sand asphalt layer is less permeable to water than the other asphalt layers, and water will accumulate in the asphalt layers 7A, 7B. This water will hereinafter be referred to as "subsurface water”.
  • Figure 3 shows a drainage unit 1' in which some holes 2' have a V-shaped lower edge. The unit is positioned so that the V-shaped portion of the holes are below the road surface, so subsurface water within the asphalt layers can pass through the holes into the drainage unit.
  • This drainage unit is not satisfactory. If the V-shape part of the holes is shallow it will not collect all the subsurface water from the asphalt layers. If the V-shaped part extends to the bottom of the drainage unit, however, it will then be possible for water to drain off the road surface, enter the drainage unit through the top part of the holes and pass back into the road through the lower part of the holes.
  • GB-A-2 257 734 discloses a subsurface bridge drain unit which has a perforated collection chamber. This is buried in the road, so that the perforations in the collection chamber are in the lower part of the asphalt base course 7A.
  • the collection chamber has an outlet which passes through the bridge deck. Subsurface water enters the collection chamber and is drained away through the outlet.
  • each subsurface drainage unit requires a hole through the bridge deck which will weaken the bridge.
  • a first aspect of the invention provides a roadway comprising a substantially waterproof base, an asphalt base course and an asphalt wearing course, the asphalt courses being pervious to water, and a drainage unit at a side edge of the asphalt courses, the drainage unit having a side wall facing the asphalt courses and extending above the upper surface of the wearing course, first drainage apertures being provided in the side wall above the asphalt wearing course to receive surface water for passage into the drainage unit, and second drainage apertures being provided adjacent the asphalt base course for passage of sub-surface water into the drainage unit.
  • a second aspect of the present invention provides a drainage unit comprising at least one aperture for receiving surface water and at least one aperture for receiving subsurface water; wherein the aperture(s) for receiving surface water is/are not in direct fluid communication with the aperture(s) for receiving subsurface water.
  • This drainage unit is able to collect both surface water and subsurface water from a road.
  • the surface water will pass through the upper aperture(s) into the drainage unit, and will be drained away. It will not pass back into the road construction layers.
  • the subsurface water will pass through the lower aperture(s), and will be drained away.
  • the two channels are defined within the drainage unit, one channel being in fluid communication with the aperture(s) for receiving surface water and the other channel being in fluid communication with the aperture(s) for receiving subsurface water, the two channels not being in direct fluid communication with one another.
  • FIG. 4 shows a drainage unit 10.
  • the unit is provided with a wall 13 which defines a closed channel 14.
  • Subsurface water passes from the road through the lower apertures 15 into the channel 14, as a result either of natural drainage or of a "bow wave" caused by a vehicle.
  • Surface water passes through upper apertures 16 into the interior 17 of the drainage unit.
  • This drainage unit is able to drain both surface and subsurface water from the road. The surface water cannot enter the channel 14 and so is unable to pass back into the road construction layers.
  • the unit is formed of a base 11 and a cover 12.
  • Figure 5a shows an alternative embodiment of the invention, and shows the base 11' separated from the cover 12'.
  • the cover is provided with prongs 22; when the cover is placed on the base an upper aperture is defined by a pair of adjacent prongs, as shown in Figure 5b.
  • Figure 5(c) shows an alternative design for the cover 11' and base 12'.
  • the cover 12, 12' and the base 11, 11' can be made of any suitable material.
  • the base is manufactured in ductile iron, which is chosen for its good finish and strength.
  • the cover is made from a composite material, and this allows the cover to be produced in any desired colour.
  • the cover is secured to the base by any suitable means.
  • Figure 6 shows an alternative base unit 11".
  • the channel 14 is provided with a hatch 18 which can be removed to provide access to the channel. This allows the channel to be inspected or cleaned.
  • the cover can also be provided with a removable hatch (not shown), to avoid the need to remove the whole cover to provide access to the base. In use, it would be advisable if inspection hatches were provided every 20m or so.
  • the drainage unit is installed on a bedding layer of mortar 19 which has a thickness of, for example, 5mm.
  • the end face of the unit is coated with a sealant, and the unit is pushed firmly against the previous unit to make a watertight seal between the two units.
  • the base is provided with projections 20 at one end, and the other end is provided with complementary recesses. These projections and recesses provide interlocking between two adjacent units, which lessens the chance of a unit being displaced if it is struck by a vehicle.
  • Figure 7 shows a cross-section of an alternative embodiment of the present invention.
  • the channel 14 is not closed, but is defined by a wall 20 and a ledge 21.
  • the ledge 21 extends beyond the channel, so surface water entering the unit is directed into the interior of the unit and can not enter the channel (unless the depth of water in the interior exceeds the height of the wall 20).
  • the ledge 21 is shown as being part of the base unit in Figure 7, but it could be part of the cover.
  • FIG 8. Another embodiment is illustrated in Figure 8.
  • the wall 13' defining the channel for subsurface water is horizontal, so that the channel for subsurface water is below the channel for surface water.
  • This embodiment could also be realised by constructing a drainage channel for subsurface water and placing conventional drainage units (as shown in Figure 1, for example) over the channel for subsurface water to form the drainage channel for surface water.
  • every drainage unit it is not necessary for every drainage unit to have apertures for receiving both surface and subsurface water.
  • the drain would be formed from a combination of both units - for example, with the two units alternating with one another.
  • FIG. 9 A further embodiment of the present invention is illustrated in Figure 9.
  • This unit again has a channel 14, and has lower apertures 15 through which surface water can enter the channel.
  • the unit is also provided with upper apertures 16 for receiving surface water.
  • the drainage unit of Figure 9 is intended for use on roads for which porous asphalt is specified as the wearing surface 7B. Porous asphalt is used to reduce surface water spray, by allowing water to percolate into the top 50mm of the road construction. Conventional drainage units as in Figure 1 cannot drain this water from the top 50mm of the road construction.
  • the drainage unit shown in Figure 9 is provided with intermediate apertures 23, provided at a height that is intermediate between the lower and upper apertures.
  • the intermediate apertures will be at the same level as the wearing surface 7B of the road construction. Water that has percolated into a porous asphalt wearing surface will drain away through the intermediate apertures into the drainage unit.
  • the unit has a base 11a and a cover 12a.
  • the base and cover can be made of any suitable material - for example, the base unit could be made of cast iron or ductile iron, and the cover can be made from a composite material.
  • the intermediate apertures 23 connect with the main interior drainage channel 17.
  • the apertures 23 are made as large as possible commensurate with retaining the structural integrity of the drainage unit 11a, in particular its resistance to impact by vehicles.
  • the front edges 25 of the central bars 24 are pointed and the side walls 26 of the apertures chamfred to reduce resistance to the flow of water.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)
  • Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)
  • Sink And Installation For Waste Water (AREA)
  • Sewage (AREA)
  • Water Treatment By Sorption (AREA)
  • Centrifugal Separators (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
  • Road Signs Or Road Markings (AREA)
EP96306649A 1995-09-15 1996-09-13 Fahrbahn Expired - Lifetime EP0763631B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP01202152A EP1143071B1 (de) 1995-09-15 1996-09-13 Drainageeinheit und Drainageeinrichtung

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9518975A GB2301132B (en) 1995-09-15 1995-09-15 Drainage unit
GB9518975 1995-09-15

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP01202152A Division EP1143071B1 (de) 1995-09-15 1996-09-13 Drainageeinheit und Drainageeinrichtung

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0763631A1 true EP0763631A1 (de) 1997-03-19
EP0763631B1 EP0763631B1 (de) 2003-12-17

Family

ID=10780828

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP01202152A Expired - Lifetime EP1143071B1 (de) 1995-09-15 1996-09-13 Drainageeinheit und Drainageeinrichtung
EP96306649A Expired - Lifetime EP0763631B1 (de) 1995-09-15 1996-09-13 Fahrbahn

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP01202152A Expired - Lifetime EP1143071B1 (de) 1995-09-15 1996-09-13 Drainageeinheit und Drainageeinrichtung

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (2) EP1143071B1 (de)
AT (2) ATE262620T1 (de)
CA (1) CA2185476C (de)
DE (2) DE69631983T2 (de)
GB (1) GB2301132B (de)
HK (2) HK1007076A1 (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10028355A1 (de) * 2000-06-08 2002-01-03 Ahlmann Aco Severin Abdeckteil für eine Entwässerungsrinne sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Entwässerungsanordnung
CN113073534A (zh) * 2021-04-15 2021-07-06 田鹏 一种可促进桥面排水速度的高架桥梁

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2329411B (en) * 1995-09-15 2000-03-22 Cooper Clarke Group Plc Drainage arrangement
GB2305200B (en) * 1995-09-15 2000-03-22 Cooper Clarke Group Plc A roadway having an associated drainage unit
GB2323400B (en) * 1997-03-22 2001-03-14 Glynwed Foundry Products Ltd Method of adapting a drainage unit
CN105839490A (zh) * 2016-03-24 2016-08-10 孙啸 基于物联网的道路排水系统
DE102018110721A1 (de) * 2018-05-04 2019-11-07 ACO Severin Ahlmann GmbH & Co Kommanditgesellschaft Entwässerungsrinne mit integriertem Bordstein und Entwässerungssystem

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0469265A2 (de) * 1990-07-04 1992-02-05 ACO Severin Ahlmann GmbH & Co. KG Entwässerung für eine seitlich von einem Bordstein begrenzte Fahrbahn
NL9101642A (nl) * 1991-09-27 1993-04-16 Struyk Holding B V Element, geschikt voor een weg of iets dergelijks.
GB2289079A (en) * 1994-05-04 1995-11-08 Ecc Construction Materials Kerb drainage block

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1184664A (en) * 1966-12-15 1970-03-18 Althon Contracting Ltd An Improvement in or relating to Road and Land Drainage.
GB9026268D0 (en) * 1990-12-03 1991-01-16 Smith Trevor G Kerbing structure
GB2257734B (en) 1991-07-08 1995-08-23 Sir Owen Williams And Partners Subsurface bridge drain unit and method of installation

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0469265A2 (de) * 1990-07-04 1992-02-05 ACO Severin Ahlmann GmbH & Co. KG Entwässerung für eine seitlich von einem Bordstein begrenzte Fahrbahn
NL9101642A (nl) * 1991-09-27 1993-04-16 Struyk Holding B V Element, geschikt voor een weg of iets dergelijks.
GB2289079A (en) * 1994-05-04 1995-11-08 Ecc Construction Materials Kerb drainage block

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10028355A1 (de) * 2000-06-08 2002-01-03 Ahlmann Aco Severin Abdeckteil für eine Entwässerungsrinne sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Entwässerungsanordnung
DE10028355C2 (de) * 2000-06-08 2002-04-18 Ahlmann Aco Severin Abdeckteil für eine Entwässerungsrinne sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Entwässerungsanordnung
US7008137B2 (en) 2000-06-08 2006-03-07 Aco Severin Ahlmann Gmbh & Co., Kg Cover for a drainage arrangement and a method of producing such an arrangement
CN113073534A (zh) * 2021-04-15 2021-07-06 田鹏 一种可促进桥面排水速度的高架桥梁

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2185476A1 (en) 1997-03-16
ATE262620T1 (de) 2004-04-15
GB2301132B (en) 1997-04-09
HK1004005A1 (en) 1998-11-13
DE69631983T2 (de) 2005-01-05
GB2301132A (en) 1996-11-27
DE69631101D1 (de) 2004-01-29
EP1143071A1 (de) 2001-10-10
DE69631983D1 (de) 2004-04-29
ATE256789T1 (de) 2004-01-15
HK1007076A1 (en) 1999-04-01
DE69631101T2 (de) 2004-09-09
GB9518975D0 (en) 1995-11-15
EP0763631B1 (de) 2003-12-17
EP1143071B1 (de) 2004-03-24
CA2185476C (en) 2003-12-09

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP1640500A1 (de) Drainageeinheit
EP0763631B1 (de) Fahrbahn
GB2320046A (en) Drainage unit
JPH06146380A (ja) 浸透桝を埋設する道路構築工法
JPH05132993A (ja) 雨水濾過装置およびその装置の維持方法および雨水濾過 方法およびその管理システム
GB2329411A (en) Drainage arrangement
JPH10237932A (ja) 貯留浸透槽
JPH08260553A (ja) 雨水等の浸透用側溝構造
KR20100059750A (ko) 정화 집수조와 이중 배수관을 구비한 침투 및 저류 시스템
JP2662823B2 (ja) 雨水浸透構造
KR100978238B1 (ko) 정화 집수조와 이중 배수관을 구비한 침투 및 저류 시스템
JP4084479B2 (ja) 雨水等の浸透構造
JPH0860736A (ja) 透水性舗装路面用街渠蓋
JPH01287324A (ja) アスファルト舗装コンクリート床版の排水構造
JP4504220B2 (ja) 排水路
JP3665792B2 (ja) 舗装道路の構造
JPH08253964A (ja) 道路排水用コンクリートブロック及びそれを用いた施工構造
JP4084478B2 (ja) 路面の排水構造
JP4174348B2 (ja) 水路用ブロック及びこれを用いた水路
JPS6035672Y2 (ja) 街渠用浸透桝
JP3861205B2 (ja) 歩車道境界用水路構成ブロック
KR102576235B1 (ko) 빗물이 지중으로 침투되는 콘크리트 구조체 및 그 제조방법
JP2005226396A (ja) 一体型暗渠ブロック及び道路側縁の排水構造
JPH1060810A (ja) 透水性舗装部の浸透水排水用水路ブロック及びそれを用いる透水性舗装部の浸透水排水構造
JP2556764B2 (ja) 雨水浸透構造

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK FI FR IE IT LI NL SE

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19970916

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 20001010

GRAH Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA

RTI1 Title (correction)

Free format text: ROADWAY

GRAS Grant fee paid

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK FI FR IE IT LI NL SE

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20031217

Ref country code: BE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20031217

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: EP

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: FG4D

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 69631101

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 20040129

Kind code of ref document: P

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20040317

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: SE

Ref legal event code: TRGR

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: NV

Representative=s name: RITSCHER & PARTNER AG PATENTANWAELTE

NLV1 Nl: lapsed or annulled due to failure to fulfill the requirements of art. 29p and 29m of the patents act
ET Fr: translation filed
PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed

Effective date: 20040920

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: AT

Payment date: 20050701

Year of fee payment: 10

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 20050823

Year of fee payment: 10

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Payment date: 20050906

Year of fee payment: 10

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20050909

Year of fee payment: 10

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IE

Payment date: 20050913

Year of fee payment: 10

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FI

Payment date: 20050914

Year of fee payment: 10

Ref country code: CH

Payment date: 20050914

Year of fee payment: 10

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20060913

Ref country code: FI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20060913

Ref country code: AT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20060913

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20060914

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20060930

Ref country code: CH

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20060930

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Payment date: 20060930

Year of fee payment: 11

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20070403

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

EUG Se: european patent has lapsed
REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: MM4A

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST

Effective date: 20070531

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20061002

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20070913