EP0761345B1 - Warmkammer-Druckgiessmaschine - Google Patents
Warmkammer-Druckgiessmaschine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0761345B1 EP0761345B1 EP96113228A EP96113228A EP0761345B1 EP 0761345 B1 EP0761345 B1 EP 0761345B1 EP 96113228 A EP96113228 A EP 96113228A EP 96113228 A EP96113228 A EP 96113228A EP 0761345 B1 EP0761345 B1 EP 0761345B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- hot
- nozzle
- machine according
- die casting
- chamber die
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
- B22D17/20—Accessories: Details
- B22D17/2015—Means for forcing the molten metal into the die
- B22D17/2038—Heating, cooling or lubricating the injection unit
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
- B22D17/02—Hot chamber machines, i.e. with heated press chamber in which metal is melted
- B22D17/04—Plunger machines
Definitions
- the invention relates to a hot chamber die casting machine for Processing of magnesium melts, with a casting container with a riser hole with a conical mouthpiece and with a nozzle attached to the mouthpiece, as well as with a Heating device for heating the nozzle.
- DE-A 24 25 067 proposes a casting device for casting of magnesium alloys on hot chamber die casting machines before, but uses one perfectly for this purpose casting container arranged outside the crucible with siphon hole and nozzle.
- This casting container is with a pressurized filling chamber in the crucible over a Ascending pipe and with the crucible via an overflow pipe connected.
- From DE-OS 21 41 551 is an air-cooled nozzle for metal casting devices known in which the nozzle has a electric resistance heater is heated. You have to get there an overheating of the nozzle between the "shots", where one in the substantial empty nozzle is present, its electrical resistance is larger than the line filled with the metal, one Air cooling is provided, which is placed around the nozzle Mantle flows in channels between turns of a helically wound rod made of round material be formed with an outer sleeve and an inner Sleeve forms the walls for the air duct. The Electrical resistance heating takes place there in that the feed pipe and the nozzle itself with an energy source be connected and so directly as electrical resistance serve.
- EP 0 662 361 A1 is a casting process known in which you have a casting sleeve with one in your Provides internal moving pistons and outside of this sleeve provides a series of electrical control rods, which in turn are surrounded by a wall around which an induction coil is wrapped. The main thing there is to do that to keep potting material in a semi-solid state. For this purpose, very low ones are used in some cases Frequencies, e.g. between 300 and 1,000 Hz for exposure of the induction coil, but at the same time suggests a To avoid overheating of the electrical conductor elements to manufacture these as straight hollow tubes made of stainless steel, embed them in an insulator and cool them with water. The pouring device shown there is not a hot chamber die casting machine. The arrangement and the Operation of such facilities are also very expensive.
- the configuration according to the invention also enables a relative easy manufacture of induction heating and cooling equipment.
- an air inlet and an air outlet valve is arranged at the other end be, the latter more or less temperature controlled can open, so that also on relatively simple Controlled air cooling of the inductors can be effected can.
- the tubes can form sleeve bodies be wound, then several each on cylindrical Parts of the device to be heated pushed on can be.
- this idea can ever one of the sleeve bodies onto one in the area of the mouthpiece cylindrical approach of the casting container, on the area of this casting container adjacent area of the cylindrical nozzle and pushed onto the nozzle in the area of their mouthpiece his.
- These sleeve bodies can be moved on adjust different areas.
- this can be done on the casting container approach put on the sleeve body this approach protrude outside and at least the connection area of the nozzle surrounded outside.
- a monitoring unit for blooming magnesium oxide be provided, which is useful as a ring with a Contact loop is formed.
- inductors can prevent magnesium in the area of inductors be provided in a development of the invention that at least the inductor assigned to the nozzle on its to the casting container facing end with a the front end of the to Mouthpiece area extending inductor overlapping edge is provided. This measure can prevent the ingress of possibly magnesium spraying backwards during the die casting process in the area between or under the inductors be avoided.
- the inductor assigned to the nozzle can also be invented have a conical outer contour, from the outset magnesium may splash backwards is derived to the outside.
- a ring inductor placed around the casting container can be provided, the one to equalize the temperature and to one leads to higher procedural security.
- Fig. 1 is part of a hot chamber die casting machine shown that is used to process magnesium.
- the liquid magnesium is at temperatures of approx. 630-680 ° C within the container, not shown in detail (1).
- this container (1) protrudes through a cover (2) a casting container (3) with a riser hole (4) with a cone-shaped mouthpiece (5).
- in the Casting container (3) is also not a closer shown casting piston, which is known via the piston rod (6) Introduced into the casting cylinder (7) from above is that from the liquid container (1) with the the amount of liquid that is poured out before the piston reaches the filler opening completes with its movement and the liquid Push the metal up through the riser hole (4).
- A is inserted into the mouthpiece (5) of the casting container (3) Nozzle (8) with its mouthpiece (9) into the sprue area the form (10) is sufficient, which is only indicated schematically is.
- a sleeve-shaped inductive Radiator (12) pushed on Two more sleeve-shaped inductive Radiators (13 and 14) are on the middle area the nozzle (8) or on the area of the mouthpiece (9) of the nozzle (8) postponed.
- the sleeve body (12) is placed on the shoulder (11) that it protrudes from the end of its face.
- the sleeve body (12) also towers above a mother (15) who is to be used later Disassembly of the nozzle (8) is screwed onto this, as well as one Monitoring device located on the inside of the sleeve body (12) in the form of a contact loop Ring (16) is arranged.
- Mudguard (17) To the mouthpiece (9) of the nozzle (8) lies in front of the front end of the sleeve body (12) Mudguard (17), the unwanted intrusion of possibly to prevent magnesium melt splashing backwards.
- the monitoring device (16) is used in the exemplary embodiment to do so, between efflorescence in the cavity (18) the sleeve body (12) and the nozzle (8) to detect the for example due to a leak between the approach (11) and the nozzle (8) or due to leaks in the area of the neck (19) of the casting container (3) and thereby in the area inside the sleeve body (12) Magnesium could occur.
- Fig. 2 shows that one for better sealing between approach (11) of the casting container (3) and nozzle (8) an O-ring (20) has applied the cone area of the nozzle (8).
- a circumferential sealing cord (21) provided between two flange rings (22 and 23) is clamped and thus the required seal between the cover (2) for the molten metal and the Neck (19) of the casting container (3) causes.
- the flange ring (22) is firmly welded to the cover (2).
- the Flange ring (23) consists of asbestos-free ceramic material. This ensures that the inductive field is not disturbed becomes. Otherwise the heating effect can be optimally used become.
- Fig. 4 shows that the copper tubes (24) in simpler Allow to wrap to the sleeve bodies (12, 13 and 14).
- the inductors so formed are air-cooled outside, with thermal insulation provided before they are in their corresponding mounting positions be pushed.
- the front end of the sleeve body facing the mouthpiece (9) (14) is also provided with a mudguard (28).
- the Inductors are generated by the generator (25) with a kind of medium frequency supplied, i.e. at a frequency that is in the The order of magnitude is between 8 kHz and 15 kHz.
- the inductor with such a frequency is air cooling possible, in particular due to the special nature of the Training of the inductors is made possible.
- the order the monitoring device (16) in turn ensures that the cavity itself, which is not transparent in operation (18) can be monitored safely.
- the sleeve body (14 and 13) after switching off the machine forward from the nozzle (8) pulled down. This can be done easily by hand.
- the sleeve body (12) is then removed from the attachment (11). pulled down, which can also be done by hand, so that then disassemble the nozzle (8) in the known manner the push-off nut (15) can be actuated.
- the front sleeve body (14) to pull over the tip of the nozzle when it is worn out, see above that then at the start immediately from the first shot again correct temperature is reached at the tip of the nozzle.
- the rest of the has the same structure as that explained in FIGS. 3 and 4 Inductors, has a conical outer contour (35), the serves to possibly die-cast between the mouthpiece (9) and magnesium spraying the workpiece outwards derived and from the area of the adjacent inductor (13 ') and on the mouthpiece (11) of the casting container (3) keep the attached inductor (12 ') away.
- the inductor (13 ') in turn is on its the casting container (3) facing end with a flange (36) which for cylindrical outer circumference and to the front end of the nozzle (8) provided with an oblique annular surface (34) is also used as a repellent surface for splashing magnesium serves.
- This flange (36) is on the inductor (12 ') facing Side with a peripheral edge (32) a recess (33) of the inductor (12 ') overlaps so that A seal between the inductors at this point too is created.
- the structure of the hot chamber die casting machine corresponds 5 the structure of that described in FIG. 2 Die casting machine.
- ring inductor (40) above the seal (21) around the neck of the casting container (3) laid around.
- This ring inductor (40) can also be constructed like the inductors already described. He is operated at medium frequency.
- This ring inductor (40) is used to ensure that it is as uniform as possible Temperature distribution on the neck of the casting container (3) too to reach. This ensures the safety of the casting process become.
Description
- Fig. 1
- eine schematische Schnittdarstellung des Austrittsbereiches einer Warmkammer-Druckgießmaschine nach der Erfindung,
- Fig. 2
- die vergrößerte Darstellung des Bereiches der eingesetzten und abgedichteten Düse mit der erfindungsgemäßen Beheizung,
- Fig. 3
- eine schematische Stirnansicht der dem Ansetzbereich der Düse und des Gießbehälters zugeordneten Beheizungseinrichtung,
- Fig. 4
- eine schematische perspektivische Darstellung des Aufbaues der zur Beheizung vorgesehenen Induktoren,
- Fig. 5
- eine vergrößerte Darstellung des Bereiches der eingesetzten und abgedichteten Düse mit der erfindungsgemäßen Beheizung ähnlich Fig. 2 und
- Fig. 6
- den Bereich der Tiegelabdeckung mit einem um den Gießbehälter gelegten zusätzlichen Ringinduktor.
Claims (20)
- Warmkammer-Druckgießmaschine zur Verarbeitung von Magnesium-Schmelzen, mit einem Gießbehälter (3) mit einer Steigbohrung (4) mit einem in einem Ansatz (11) des Gießbehälters angeordneten Mundstück (5) und mit einer an das Mundstück angesetzten Düse (8), sowie mit einer Heizeinrichtung zum Beheizen der Düse (8),
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
dem Ansatz (11) des Gießbehälters und der Düse (8) eine induktiv arbeitende Heizeinrichtung (12, 13, 14) zugeordnet ist, deren Induktoren (12, 13, 14) aus außen isolierten Rohren (24) bestehen, die mit Mittelfrequenz oder mit einer an der unteren Grenze der Hochfrequenz liegenden Frequenz beaufschlagt und von Luft durchströmt sind. - Warmkammer-Druckgießmaschine nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Betriebsfrequenz für die Heizeinrichtungen in der Größenordnung zwischen 10kHz und 15Khz liegt.
- Warmkammer-Druckgießmaschine nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß an einem Ende der Rohre (24) ein Lufteinlaß (26) und am anderen Ende ein Auslaßventil (27) angeordnet ist, wobei letzteres temperaturgesteuert mehr oder weniger öffnet.
- Warmkammer-Druckgießmaschine nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Rohre (24) zu Hülsenkörpern (12, 13, 14) gewickelt sind.
- Warmkammer-Druckgießmaschine nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß je einer der Hülsenkörper (12, 13, 14) auf einen im Bereich des Mundstückes zylindrischen Ansatz (11) des Gießbehälters, auf den an diesen Gießbehälterbereich angrenzenden Bereich der Düse (8) und auf die Düse im Bereich des Mundstückes (9) aufgeschoben ist.
- Warmkammer-Druckgießmaschine nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der auf den Gießbehälteransatz (11) aufgeschobene Hülsenkörper (12) den Ansatz (11) nach außen überragt und zumindest den Anschlußbereich der Düse (8) außen umgibt.
- Warmkammer-Druckgießmaschine nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Hülsenkörper (12, 13, 14) durch Verschieben insbesondere von Hand an verschiedene Bereiche anpaßbar sind.
- Warmkammer-Druckgießmaschine nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß vor der vom Gießbehälter (3) wegweisenden Stirnfläche des auf den Gießbehälteransatz (11) aufgesetzten Hülsenkörpers (12) und am äußeren Ende des auf das Mundstück der Düse (8) aufgeschobenen Hülsenkörpers (14) Schutzbleche (17 bzw. 28) vorgesehen sind.
- Warmkammer-Druckgießmaschine nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß innerhalb des vom Ansatz (11) abragenden Hülsenkörpers (12) und zwischen diesem und der Düse (8) eine Überwachungseinheit (16) für ausblühendes Magnesiumoxid vorgesehen ist.
- Warmkammer-Druckgießmaschine nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Überwachungseinheit als ein Ring (16) mit einer Kontaktschleife ausgebildet ist, der am Hülsenkörper (12) befestigt ist.
- Warmkammer-Druckgießmaschine nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der konische Anschlußbereich der Düse (8) mit einem O-Ring (20) zur Abdichtung im Bereich des konischen Mundstückes (5) des Gießbehälters (3) versehen ist.
- Warmkammer-Druckgießmaschine nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zur Abdichtung der Gießbehälterabdeckung (2) gegenüber den aus dieser herausragenden hals (19) des Gießbehälters (3) eine zwischen zwei Flanschringen (22 und 23) eingespannte Dichtschnur (21) vorgesehen ist.
- Warmkammer-Druckgießmaschine nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Flanschring (22) fest mit der Abdeckung (2) verschweißt ist.
- Warmkammer-Druckgießmaschine nach Anspruch 12 oder 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der zweite Flanschring (23) aus asbestfreiem keramischen Material besteht.
- Warmkammer-Druckgießmaschine nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mindestens der der Düse (8) zugeordnete Induktor (14') an seinem zum Gießbehälter (3) hin gewandten Ende mit einem das vordere Ende des zum Ansatz (11) verlaufenden Induktors (13') überlappenden Rand (30) versehen ist.
- Warmkammer-Druckgießmaschine nach Anspruch 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der der Düse (8) zugeordnete Induktor (14') eine konische Außenkontur aufweist.
- Warmkammer-Druckgießmaschine nach Anspruch 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der zum Ansatz (11) des Gießbehälters verlaufende Induktor (13') mit einem das vordere Ende des auf diesem Ansatz sitzenden Induktors (12') überlappenden Rand (32) versehen ist.
- Warmkammer-Druckgießmaschine nach Anspruch 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Rand (32) von einem Flansch 36) absteht, der mit einer in Richtung zum vorderen Ende des Düse (8) und zum zylindrischen Bereich des Induktors (12') hin schräg verlaufenden Ringfläche (34) versehen ist.
- Warmkammer-Druckgießmaschine nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein zusätzlicher Ringinduktor (40) in der Ebene der Abdeckung (2) des Behälters (1) für die Schmelze um den Gießbehälter (3) gelegt ist.
- Warmkammer-Druckgießmaschine nach Anspruch 19, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Ringinduktor (40) aus Halbschalen aufgebaut ist, die auf den Hals des Gießbehälters (3) steckbar sind.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19531161 | 1995-08-24 | ||
DE19531161A DE19531161C2 (de) | 1995-08-24 | 1995-08-24 | Warmkammer-Druckgießmaschine |
DE19543805 | 1995-11-24 | ||
DE19543805A DE19543805A1 (de) | 1995-08-24 | 1995-11-24 | Warmkammer-Druckgießmaschine |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0761345A2 EP0761345A2 (de) | 1997-03-12 |
EP0761345A3 EP0761345A3 (de) | 1998-09-02 |
EP0761345B1 true EP0761345B1 (de) | 2000-03-15 |
Family
ID=26017964
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP96113228A Expired - Lifetime EP0761345B1 (de) | 1995-08-24 | 1996-08-17 | Warmkammer-Druckgiessmaschine |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5960854A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0761345B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JPH09122868A (de) |
AT (1) | ATE190532T1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE19531161C2 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2144177T3 (de) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1825939A2 (de) | 2006-02-24 | 2007-08-29 | Oskar Frech GmbH + Co. KG | Beheizbare Dosiereinrichtung für eine Warmkammer-Druckgiessmaschine |
Families Citing this family (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19829191A1 (de) * | 1998-06-30 | 2000-01-05 | Be Automation Giesereitechnik | Druckvergiesseinrichtung |
DE19853189C1 (de) * | 1998-11-18 | 2000-04-13 | Frech Oskar Gmbh & Co | Heizeinrichtung für den Hals eines Gießbehälters, insbesondere für eine Warmkammer-Druckgießmaschine |
WO2000047352A1 (fr) * | 1999-02-10 | 2000-08-17 | Ju-Oh Inc. | Moule metallique de machine de moulage a injection de type a canaux chauffants, et procede de fabrication du moule metallique |
FR2789612B1 (fr) * | 1999-02-12 | 2001-04-27 | Gilles Curti | Procede et dispositif de moulage de matiere metallique par injection et procede pour modifier un moule d'injection |
ATE246561T1 (de) * | 1999-04-13 | 2003-08-15 | Frech Oskar Gmbh & Co | Warmkammer-druckgiessmaschine |
AU723887B3 (en) * | 2000-07-07 | 2000-09-07 | Liken Lin | Melting furnace of a die-casting machine |
US6463694B1 (en) | 2000-10-06 | 2002-10-15 | Edward Manciet | Closed pesticide delivery and recovery system |
DE50012864D1 (de) * | 2000-10-31 | 2006-07-06 | Frech Oskar Gmbh & Co | Einrichtung zur Herstellung von Metall-Druckgussteilen, insbesondere aus NE-Metallen |
EP1354650B1 (de) * | 2002-04-19 | 2006-03-01 | Salvatore Bonvegna | Düse für Druckgiessmaschine |
ATE419083T1 (de) * | 2003-02-13 | 2009-01-15 | Techmire Ltd C O Mr Stephen Ma | Druckgiessmaschine |
ATE485178T1 (de) | 2004-03-26 | 2010-11-15 | Continental Reifen Deutschland | Fahrzeugluftreifen |
US7341094B2 (en) * | 2005-05-02 | 2008-03-11 | Husky Injection Molding Systems Ltd. | Metallic alloy slurry dispenser |
US20090000758A1 (en) | 2007-04-06 | 2009-01-01 | Ashley Stone | Device for Casting |
KR101030223B1 (ko) * | 2009-01-23 | 2011-04-22 | 김경탁 | 다이캐스팅 전극 터미널 성형 장치 |
DE102011050149A1 (de) * | 2010-11-17 | 2012-05-24 | Ferrofacta Gmbh | Druckgussdüse und Druckgussverfahren |
DE102012102549A1 (de) | 2011-11-15 | 2013-05-16 | Ferrofacta Gmbh | Druckgussdüse und Verfahren zum Betrieb der Druckgussdüse |
ITMI20120950A1 (it) * | 2012-06-01 | 2013-12-02 | Flavio Mancini | Metodo e impianto per ottenere getti pressofusi in leghe leggere con anime non metalliche |
US9925583B2 (en) * | 2013-07-11 | 2018-03-27 | Crucible Intellectual Property, Llc | Manifold collar for distributing fluid through a cold crucible |
FR3044943B1 (fr) * | 2015-12-11 | 2020-12-04 | Adm28 S Ar L | Embout d'injection pour machine de coulee, machine et procede de coulee faisant usage d'un tel embout |
Family Cites Families (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR438781A (fr) * | 1911-01-12 | 1912-05-28 | United Shoe Machinery Co Fr | Perfectionnements dans les machines à clouer employées en cordonnerie |
US2004959A (en) * | 1933-12-07 | 1935-06-18 | Whitehall Patents Corp | Method of manufacturing fastener stringers |
US2520348A (en) * | 1947-12-05 | 1950-08-29 | Ajax Engineering Corp | Discharging apparatus |
DE1164034B (de) * | 1962-08-04 | 1964-02-27 | Eckert G M B H Geb | Druckgiessvorrichtung mit hoehenverstellbarer Giessduese |
DE1878490U (de) * | 1963-01-03 | 1963-08-29 | Ewald Schulte | Druckgussmaschine zur verarbeitung von zink- oder aehnlichen metallegierungen. |
JPS5012050B1 (de) * | 1970-08-20 | 1975-05-08 | ||
DE2141551A1 (en) * | 1970-08-24 | 1972-04-20 | The Dow Chemical Co., Midland, Mich. (V.StA.) | Injection casting nozzle - air - cooled with temp control system |
NL7115392A (de) * | 1970-11-12 | 1972-05-16 | ||
DE2425067A1 (de) * | 1974-05-24 | 1975-12-04 | Idra Pressen Gmbh | Giesseinrichtung, insbesondere zum vergiessen von magnesiumlegierungen auf warmkammer-druckgiessmaschinen |
US4219068A (en) * | 1979-05-30 | 1980-08-26 | Dynacast International Limited | Die casting machine |
DE4005129A1 (de) * | 1990-02-17 | 1991-08-22 | Degussa | Vorrichtung zur induktiven erwaermung von koerpern mittels hochfrequenter schwingungen |
JP3049648B2 (ja) * | 1993-12-13 | 2000-06-05 | 日立金属株式会社 | 加圧成形方法および加圧成形機 |
-
1995
- 1995-08-24 DE DE19531161A patent/DE19531161C2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1996
- 1996-08-17 ES ES96113228T patent/ES2144177T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-08-17 AT AT96113228T patent/ATE190532T1/de active
- 1996-08-17 EP EP96113228A patent/EP0761345B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-08-21 JP JP8219993A patent/JPH09122868A/ja active Pending
- 1996-08-26 US US08/703,127 patent/US5960854A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1825939A2 (de) | 2006-02-24 | 2007-08-29 | Oskar Frech GmbH + Co. KG | Beheizbare Dosiereinrichtung für eine Warmkammer-Druckgiessmaschine |
US7810550B2 (en) | 2006-02-24 | 2010-10-12 | Oskar Frech Gmbh & Co. Kg | Heatable metering device for a hot chamber die-casting machine |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0761345A2 (de) | 1997-03-12 |
ATE190532T1 (de) | 2000-04-15 |
JPH09122868A (ja) | 1997-05-13 |
EP0761345A3 (de) | 1998-09-02 |
US5960854A (en) | 1999-10-05 |
DE19531161A1 (de) | 1997-02-27 |
ES2144177T3 (es) | 2000-06-01 |
DE19531161C2 (de) | 1999-05-20 |
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