EP0757616B1 - Verfahren zur digitalisierung und zum schneiden von abschnitten, die sich nichtwiederholende formen besitzen - Google Patents

Verfahren zur digitalisierung und zum schneiden von abschnitten, die sich nichtwiederholende formen besitzen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0757616B1
EP0757616B1 EP95918648A EP95918648A EP0757616B1 EP 0757616 B1 EP0757616 B1 EP 0757616B1 EP 95918648 A EP95918648 A EP 95918648A EP 95918648 A EP95918648 A EP 95918648A EP 0757616 B1 EP0757616 B1 EP 0757616B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
remnant
marks
flaws
skin
pieces
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP95918648A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0757616A1 (de
Inventor
Pierre Gane
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Lectra SA
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Lectra Systemes SA
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP0757616A1 publication Critical patent/EP0757616A1/de
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Publication of EP0757616B1 publication Critical patent/EP0757616B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D5/00—Arrangements for operating and controlling machines or devices for cutting, cutting-out, stamping-out, punching, perforating, or severing by means other than cutting
    • B26D5/005—Computer numerical control means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D5/00—Arrangements for operating and controlling machines or devices for cutting, cutting-out, stamping-out, punching, perforating, or severing by means other than cutting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D5/00—Arrangements for operating and controlling machines or devices for cutting, cutting-out, stamping-out, punching, perforating, or severing by means other than cutting
    • B26D5/007—Control means comprising cameras, vision or image processing systems
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D7/00—Details of apparatus for cutting, cutting-out, stamping-out, punching, perforating, or severing by means other than cutting
    • B26D7/01—Means for holding or positioning work
    • B26D7/015—Means for holding or positioning work for sheet material or piles of sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26F—PERFORATING; PUNCHING; CUTTING-OUT; STAMPING-OUT; SEVERING BY MEANS OTHER THAN CUTTING
    • B26F1/00—Perforating; Punching; Cutting-out; Stamping-out; Apparatus therefor
    • B26F1/38—Cutting-out; Stamping-out
    • B26F1/3806—Cutting-out; Stamping-out wherein relative movements of tool head and work during cutting have a component tangential to the work surface
    • B26F1/3813—Cutting-out; Stamping-out wherein relative movements of tool head and work during cutting have a component tangential to the work surface wherein the tool head is moved in a plane parallel to the work in a coordinate system fixed with respect to the work
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C14—SKINS; HIDES; PELTS; LEATHER
    • C14B—MECHANICAL TREATMENT OR PROCESSING OF SKINS, HIDES OR LEATHER IN GENERAL; PELT-SHEARING MACHINES; INTESTINE-SPLITTING MACHINES
    • C14B17/00—Details of apparatus or machines for manufacturing or treating skins, hides, leather, or furs
    • C14B17/005—Inspecting hides or furs
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C14—SKINS; HIDES; PELTS; LEATHER
    • C14B—MECHANICAL TREATMENT OR PROCESSING OF SKINS, HIDES OR LEATHER IN GENERAL; PELT-SHEARING MACHINES; INTESTINE-SPLITTING MACHINES
    • C14B5/00—Clicking, perforating, or cutting leather
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26F—PERFORATING; PUNCHING; CUTTING-OUT; STAMPING-OUT; SEVERING BY MEANS OTHER THAN CUTTING
    • B26F1/00—Perforating; Punching; Cutting-out; Stamping-out; Apparatus therefor
    • B26F1/38—Cutting-out; Stamping-out
    • B26F1/3806—Cutting-out; Stamping-out wherein relative movements of tool head and work during cutting have a component tangential to the work surface
    • B26F1/3813—Cutting-out; Stamping-out wherein relative movements of tool head and work during cutting have a component tangential to the work surface wherein the tool head is moved in a plane parallel to the work in a coordinate system fixed with respect to the work
    • B26F1/382—Cutting-out; Stamping-out wherein relative movements of tool head and work during cutting have a component tangential to the work surface wherein the tool head is moved in a plane parallel to the work in a coordinate system fixed with respect to the work wherein the cutting member reciprocates in, or substantially in, a direction parallel to the cutting edge
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26F—PERFORATING; PUNCHING; CUTTING-OUT; STAMPING-OUT; SEVERING BY MEANS OTHER THAN CUTTING
    • B26F3/00—Severing by means other than cutting; Apparatus therefor
    • B26F3/004—Severing by means other than cutting; Apparatus therefor by means of a fluid jet
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S83/00—Cutting
    • Y10S83/929—Particular nature of work or product
    • Y10S83/936—Cloth or leather

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a process for cutting material into sheet in the form of coupons having non-repetitive shapes and capable of present defects of different natures and degrees of severity. More specifically, the invention relates to a method which comprises the operations of digitization of the configuration of each coupon, in order to develop and save graphical information representative of the form of the coupon, of placement of pieces to cut in the coupon, in order to optimally use the surface of the coupon, and cutting the pieces in the coupon, according to the placement performed.
  • a particular field of application of the invention is that of skin cutting, especially in the footwear, clothing or furniture.
  • the invention can be used with other sheet materials natural or synthetic, in particular those likely to be in the form of coupons having shapes which vary from one coupon to another.
  • the coupon In this type of application, a major constraint must be respected. For each step of the process: digitization, placement and cutting, the coupon must have the same dimensional characteristics and be disposed of same way compared to the reference systems of the work areas used.
  • the invention aims to avoid the aforementioned drawbacks by proposing a coupon cutting process which allows to keep a configuration modular and flexible use of the installation without having use of restrictive and expensive means to maintain the coupon in the same configuration or layout.
  • the first benchmarks further include benchmarks characterizing the arrangement of the coupon compared to a position reference system, when scanning, such as marks characterizing at least one of the elements, for example an axis, of the position reference system used for scanning. So, no only the configuration, but also the layout of the coupon in relation to a referral system can be kept.
  • the first benchmarks are by example in the form of adhesive pads which may have different shapes depending on whether they characterize the configuration or the layout of the coupon.
  • Transfer and possibly temporary storage of coupons between the scanning, placement and cutting stations can then be made as simple as possible.
  • the second marks characterize for example the contour of the zones defective coupon. Their presence on the surface of the coupon is no longer necessary after their detection. They can be made up of cords or objects analogues which are withdrawn when the coupon is transferred out of the post of scanning.
  • the placement is carried out by an operator by viewing a image of the coupon on a screen and data entry and / or orders by means a device, such as a keyboard or mouse, that interfaces with a system computer science.
  • a device such as a keyboard or mouse
  • the screen and the interface device can be mounted mobile on along a table, easel or other support on which the coupon can be arranged, to allow the operator to have the image simultaneously before his eyes of the location of a fault and the same fault as it actually appears on the area of the coupon.
  • Reconciliation of the marks carried by the coupon and their images projected onto the work surface, for cutting, is carried out until coincide their positions.
  • the second position information, representative of the locations of any faults found on the surface of the coupon are modified by the same geometric transformation.
  • An advantage of the process according to the invention is that it can be used implemented by means of modular equipment as illustrated in FIG. 1.
  • This includes a scanning station 100, a placement station 200, a cutting station 300 and a store 400.
  • image files are produced comprising in particular, for each skin 10: graphical information representative of the shape of the skin; skin position information which characterize the configuration of the skin and its arrangement during scanning, as well as the position of any defects found on the skin; of information characterizing the severity of these defects; and identifying information the skin.
  • placement files are produced including in particular, for each skin, information identifying the locations and contours of the parts to be cut out of the skin, information which identify the pieces to be cut, and information identifying the skin.
  • the file placement is developed under the control of an operator in the presence of the image of the skin viewed from the information in the image file. The operator can also have the skin itself under the eyes.
  • each skin is cut, in accordance with the information contained in the placement file corresponding.
  • the skin provided with positioning marks is arranged on a cutting station working surface according to position information which are contained in the corresponding image file and whose images are projected onto the work surface.
  • FIG. 1 Arrows in dashed lines indicate skin transfers between stations 100, 200, 300 and store 400.
  • the skins can be transferred to placement station 200 (when placement is performed in the presence of the skin), or directly to the cutting station 300 (when the placement is made only by viewing the image saved in the image file), or to store 400 to be there temporarily stored. Placement is carried out on skins from scanning station 100 or magazine 400. After placement, the skins are transferred to the cutting station 300 or to the store 400. The cutting is performed on skins from scanning station 100, from placement 200 or store 400.
  • Image and placement files can be stored on individual recording media, for example floppy disks, placement and cutting stations. It is also possible to record these files in the main memory of a computer system to which the workstations scanning, placement and cutting are connected.
  • Information identifying the skins, contained in the image and placement files include for example information appearing on a label stuck on the reverse of the skin, and containing in particular indications relating to the origin, the nature, the destination of the skin and a skin number.
  • the scanning station 100 will now be described in more detail in reference to Figures 2 to 4.
  • the tables 110, 120 are constituted by conveyors provided with conveyor belts without end, respectively 112 and 122.
  • the drive rollers 114, 124 of the two conveyors are coupled to a single drive motor 130 by means of a belt 132.
  • the conveyor belts 112, 122 can thus be driven, in one direction or the other, with the same regulated speed.
  • Scanning is done by line-by-line scanning in the area 140 while a skin 10 resting on a transparent rigid plate 150, by example in glass, is moved from one conveyor table to another using the motor 130.
  • the direction Y of scanning is perpendicular to the direction X of skin displacement 10.
  • the scanning is carried out by means of two linear cameras 142, 144 which, by means of respective deflection mirrors 146, 148, each sweep a segment extending over approximately half the width of the area of scanning. As shown in Figure 3, the segments scanned by the cameras can partially overlap in the central part of the scanning.
  • a lower lighting box 152 is located under the level of the plate 150. It makes it possible to achieve a significant contrast between the skin surface, top view, and plate 150.
  • An upper light box 154 is located above the level of the plate. It actually consists of two half-housings arranged on either side of the vertical plane containing the scanned line by cameras 142, 144 and provides a strong contrast between the surface of the skin and markers on this surface, as shown below.
  • the cameras 142, 144 and the mirrors 146, 148 are mounted on a portal 156 which spans the scanning area 140.
  • Portal 156 supports furthermore a projector 158 making it possible to project onto one of the tables conveyors, for example table 110, a beam of light, Bel that a beam laser, which scans a sector located in the median longitudinal plane of the table 110.
  • a central light line 14, parallel to the direction X is formed on the table 110 or on a skin 10 located on this table.
  • the image file associated with a skin 10 is produced at the scan 100 as follows.
  • the skin 10 is placed flat on the plate 150, on the table conveyor 110, the latter being stopped.
  • the operator searches for the presence of possible defects on the skin 10. It materializes its existence by means of cords 20 which define their contours (figure 4) and gravity by means of elements 22 placed in the center of the zones delimited by the cords. Depending on the severity of the defects, the elements 22 can have different geometric shapes and / or sizes, for example consist in circles, polygons, stars with different numbers of branches, ....
  • the operator also places on the skin 10 elements which will identify its layout and faithfully reproduce its configuration during subsequent operations.
  • the configuration is identified by means of marks 30 placed in positions where, after handling and possible storage of the skin, they are most likely to reflect dimensional variations or deformations of the skin.
  • marks 30 are placed in critical areas which may not return to their original positions relative to the central area of the skin, the shape of which is preserved without notable variations. These critical areas are in particular end zones such as legs or neck.
  • Other brands 30 could be distributed over the surface of the skin in order to detect a variation thereof dimensional due, for example, to an elongation resulting from the application accidental stresses on the skin, or even a variation in humidity.
  • the marks 30 are for example adhesive pads and have a shape different from items 22.
  • marks 40 are arranged so materialize the line of light formed on the skin 10.
  • the marks 40 are by example of the adhesive pads and have a shape different from that of the elements 22 and 30 pads, such as a triangular shape symbolizing an arrow.
  • the elements 20, 22 and the marks 30, 40 have a color providing good contrast to skin color 10.
  • the automatic scanning cycle can then be started.
  • the skin 10, supported by the plate 150 is moved from table 110 to table 120.
  • area 140 it is lit from below by means of the housing 152.
  • the cameras 142, 144 transmit to a control unit 160 (only shown in Figure 4) the signals allowing the development of graphic information representative of the skin contour.
  • the lighting from below offers a strong contrast between the entire surface of the skin 10, including areas with markers or markings and the plate 150.
  • the skin 10, still supported by the plate 150 is moved from table 120 to table 110, this time being lit from above in zone 140.
  • the elements 20, 22 and marks 30, 40 There is then a strong contrast between, on the one hand, the elements 20, 22 and marks 30, 40 and, on the other hand, the surface of the skin 10.
  • the positions of the elements 20, 22 and marks 30, 40 are detected by the cameras 142, 144 allowing the elaboration, by the control unit 160, of information of skin position (coordinates of brands 30, 40) and fault information (shapes and locations of items 20 and shapes and locations of items 22).
  • Graphic information, skin position information and the fault information is stored by the control unit 160, in association with skin identification information, in order to constitute the digital skin image file 10.
  • Skin identification information noted for example on a document accompanying the skin are introduced by the operator by means of a keyboard 162 connected to the control unit 160. This last order also the motor 130, the cameras 142, 144 and the projector 158, under the control of the operator.
  • the system will be able to print a label, intended to be stuck on the skin and containing skin identification information, the post of scanning, operator, date of scanning, ... as text and / or bar codes.
  • the scanning device described above using cameras which carry out a line by line scanning of the surface to be digitized, is of a well-known principle. Possibly only one small camera can be provided, scanning the entire width of the scanning area, using one or more mirrors dismissal.
  • Other known scanning devices can be used, for example example of graphic input devices using a style whose position instantaneous is measured continuously and that is used by an operator to describe the outline of the surface to be scanned or locate the positions of marks on this surface.
  • Such a device using a transceiver system ultrasonic to instantly measure the position of the style is described in the document FR-A-2 698 191.
  • a scanning device for scanning the contour of the skin and a graphical input device using a style to identify others information.
  • the placement station 200 (FIG. 5) comprises a central unit 210 connected to a display screen 212 and to an interface device, such as a mouse or a keyboard 214, allowing an operator to communicate with the central unit 210.
  • an interface device such as a mouse or a keyboard 214
  • the placement operation consists in determining optimally the location of predetermined pieces to be cut in the skin according to the shape of the skin and the possible existence of defects. Elijah is made by the operator with display on the display screen 212 of the skin image to from the information in the image file.
  • the operator can decide whether or not to use all or part of a defective area of the skin for this or that part of a part to be cut, the presence of a defect on a part of a part which may be without importance for the final product. Displaying fault severity information (images of elements 22) assists the operator in this.
  • the post of placement 200 a support such as an easel or a horizontal table 220 on which the skin 10 can be deposited, without a precise identification of its configuration and its disposition is necessary here.
  • a beam 222 is arranged perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the support 220, and is movable parallel to this direction, along guides 226 located on the sides longitudinal of the table 220.
  • On the beam 222 is guided a plate 224 which supports screen 212 and keyboard 214 and can rotate around a vertical axis.
  • the operator can move the screen 212 and the keyboard 214 and orient the stage until it can see the image on the screen at the same time of the skin defect as scanned and, on the table, the defect as it exists Actually.
  • the possibility of moving the tray 224 over the entire surface of the table 220 and rotate the tray and the screen located above offers the operator the best possible working conditions regardless of the location of a fault at visually check.
  • the placement is carried out in a manner known per se so as to produce, by means of the central unit 210, a placement file comprising information that characterizes the locations and contours of the parts to be cut into the skin and information relating to the structure of the placement performed: name of models, sizes, designation of parts, ....
  • the file of placement additionally includes skin identification information, times from the image file or entered by the operator.
  • the placement file can be associated or combined with the image file in order to also have, when cutout, graphic information and skin position information and defects stored in the image file.
  • the cutting station 300 (FIGS. 6 to 8) comprises a device for cutout 310 and a handling device 330 (supply and unloading of skins) joined to each other.
  • the skins are transferred automatically between the cutting device 310 and the handling device 330 on two identical plates 312, 314 which pass alternately from one to the other.
  • the cutting device 310 (shown only in FIG. 6) can be of any type known per se. In the example illustrated, it includes a work table 316 on which the plates 312 and alternately are positioned 314 carrying a skin to be cut.
  • a cutting tool for example a nozzle high pressure fluid ejection, or a vibrating blade or a laser generator, is carried by a cutting head 318. This is movable along a beam 320 which extends in the direction Y perpendicular to the longitudinal direction X of the table 316 and skin 10.
  • the beam 320 is movable in direction X by being guided at its ends on bars 322 which extend parallel to the edges of the table 316.
  • the actuation of the cutting tool and its displacement in X and Y are controlled by signals produced by a 324 central processing unit information contained in the placement file that characterizes the locations and contours of the 50 pieces to be cut.
  • a fixation of the skin on the plate 312 or 314 is not not necessary. It is different in the case of a vibrating blade.
  • the skin To make the cut, the skin must have the same configuration as the one it had when scanning, and the same arrangement, with respect to the reference system X, Y, of the cutting device 310, than the one it presented when scanning compared to the reference X, Y of the scanning station.
  • the configuration and layout of the skin are checked at the level of the handling device 330 (FIGS. 7, 8).
  • the handling device 330 comprises a mobile cart 332 vertically between a high position (figure 7) and a low position (figure 8).
  • the vertical movement of the carriage 332 is controlled by a jack 334 which acts horizontally to move ramps 336, 338 on which rolls wheels 340, 342 of the carriage.
  • a 360 projection device is mounted on the handling 330.
  • the projection device 360 is connected to the central unit 324 so to project a scale 1 image onto a tray supported by the cart 332 obtained from skin position information read from an image file or an image obtained from information read from a placement file.
  • the 360 projection device includes for example a laser beam generator which, in a manner known per se, sequentially and repeatedly illuminates points constituting the image to be projected perceptible by retinal persistence.
  • the projection device could also include a screen, on which the image to be project is displayed associated with a mirror to return to the surface of the platform by the cart.
  • a new skin 10 to be cut, bearing marks 30, 40, is arranged on a plate, for example 314, carried by the carriage 332 in the high position (figure 7).
  • the cutting of a skin in the device cutting 310 can be carried out on the plate 312.
  • the projection device 360 is controlled by the operator via a keyboard 326 connected to the central unit 324 in order to project the image of the marks 30 and 40, as obtained from the skin position information stored in the image file.
  • the projection device 360 is arranged so that the locations of the projected images characterize the configuration and the arrangement which the skin 10 must have after it has been transferred to the plate 314 to the cutting device. It is then up to the operator to make the marks 30 and 40 worn by the skin 10 with their respective images.
  • the coincidence between the marks 30 and their images ensures the maintenance of the initial skin configuration.
  • the coincidence between the 40 brands and their images helps maintain the orientation of the skin.
  • marks 40 allow not only to define an X axis, but also to define an origin point on this axis, for example a point occupying a fixed position or predetermined with respect to one and / or the other of the marks 40.
  • the pastilles adhesives materializing the marks 30, 40 can then be removed, before the cutting.
  • FIGS. 9A and 10A The positions of the plates, immediately before the exchange, are shown in Figures 9A and 10A.
  • the carriage 332 is lowered with the plate 314 (FIGS. 7 and 9B) and the plate 312 carrying the cut skin is transferred from the cutting device 310 to the handling device 330.
  • the carriage 332 carries longitudinal slides 344, 346 with a U-shaped cross section in which the longitudinal edges of the plate 314 are introduced. Plateau 312 is brought above the slides 344, 346.
  • the plate 312 carries pads 313 by which it slides and slides on the upper edges of the slides 344, 346, while the plate 314 rests by pads 315 on the lower edges of the slides 344, 346.
  • the movement of the plate 312 is controlled by belts 350 which drive pinions meshing with racks fixed under the plate (figure 8).
  • the belt 350 is driven by a motor 352 controlled by the unit central 324.
  • unloading assistance is provided by projection on the cut skin of an image comprising elements of identification of the cut pieces projected at their locations, by example of the image elements characterizing a model, a size and / or a room designation.
  • the projection is carried out by means of the 360 projection, from the information contained in the placement file.
  • each of the shoe models to which intended the cut pieces can be identified by the image of a shape particular simple geometrical (circle, polygon, cross) which is projected to centers of the corresponding parts, and each size is identified by the dimension of the projected image.
  • the projection on the cut skin can be ordered sequentially under the control of the operator, proceeding model by model and, for each model, size by cut.
  • the operator advantageously has a box of remote control (not shown) connected to the central unit 324 in order to avoid going back and forth between the tray carrying the cut skin and the 326 keyboard.
  • collected are stored in 328 bins which are differentiated, depending on the model and the sizes of the parts to be stored there, by the same symbols as those whose images are projected onto the cut skin to facilitate storage.
  • a correction of the placement may be necessary in order to adapt it to the new skin configuration, depending on the differences noted between the positions of marks 30, 40 and those of their images respective.
  • the measurement of these deviations and their direction can be carried out from different ways, the skin being placed so that the largest gap has the most low value possible.
  • a first possibility consists in transmitting to the central unit a measurement of the vectors joining the positions of marks 30, 40 and those of their respective images.
  • This vector measurement can be done manually by the operator and transmitted to the central unit 324 from the keyboard 326. It can also be performed automatically by detecting the coordinates of a style placed successively at the location of a brand and the location of its image, for example by means of a graphic capture system using ultrasonic transceivers as described in document FR A 2 698 191 cited above.
  • a second possibility consists in entering data using the keyboard 326, to modify the coordinates of the images of marks 30, 40 up to obtain the desired coincidence, and memorize the necessary modifications, which correspond to the vectors of position deviations.
  • the position deviation vectors are analyzed (phase 370) and, when they reflect an enlargement of the surface of the skin (test 371), which is the most frequent case of dimensional variation), a transformation of the image file is produced (phase 372). This is done according to the orientations and amplitudes of the position deviation vectors so as to make coincide the skin position information with the actual positions of the marks 30, 40 on the skin.
  • An example of geometric transformation is a transformation by homotety (enlargement) as a function of the mean amplitude vectors of position deviations.
  • test 373 The transformation is also applied to the information of faults, it is possible that the enlargement of a defective area could affect a part of the placement which previously bordered it. A search for such parts is therefore carried out (test 373).
  • the program is interrupted and the placement is retained.
  • the minimum distance by which the part must be offset to exit the defective zone is determined (phase 374), as well as the direction of this shift. If the offset is possible without affecting a room near the placement (test 375), the location of the part is changed in the placement (phase 376) and we move on to another room, possibly affected, until the last (test 377). Otherwise, we search, in the direction of the offset, and until edge of the skin, the necessary offset can be distributed between several parts (test 378). If so, the locations of these parts are changed in the placement (phase 379) and we move on to another possibly affected room until the last one (test 377). Otherwise, the program is interrupted and a new one global placement must be performed from the transformed image file. This last eventuality is normally very rare.
  • phase 381 When the position deviation vectors translate exceptionally a narrowing (not enlargement) of the surface of the skin (test 371), a corresponding transformation of the image file is carried out (phase 381) on the same principle as described above.
  • test 382 If the placement remains included in the transformed image, it is kept, the program being interrupted.
  • the placement is not fully included in the skin image (test 382), for each part concerned, we are looking for the minimum distance by which it must be offset to be completely within the surface of the skin and the direction of this offset (phase 383).
  • the part can be offset from the necessary distance without encroaching on an adjacent room (test 384) or, if not, if the necessary offset can be distributed over several parts, (test 386), and we modify placement accordingly (phases 385, 387) before moving on to the piece next concerned (test 388).
  • the program is interrupted and a new global placement must be made.
  • a cutting station comprising a device has been described above. handling and a cutting device with tray exchange system work between these.
  • Cutting stations of known arrangement can be used, in particular cutting stations comprising an endless conveyor whose strand top constitutes the work surface.
  • Such conveyors are employed commonly used for cutting mattresses formed by overlapping layers of fabric held on the conveyors by suction, the cutting tool being for example a vibrating blade.
  • These same conveyor cutting stations can be used for cutting skins or other materials as part of the process according to the invention.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Image Processing (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)

Claims (22)

  1. Verfahren zum Schneiden von Flachmaterial, das in Abschnitten mit sich nicht wiederholender Form und mit möglichen Fehlern vorliegt, umfassend das Digitalisieren der Konfiguration jedes Abschnitts (10), um graphische Informationen über die Form der Abschnitte (10) zu erfassen und zu speichern, das Plazieren von aus dem Abschnitt zu schneidenden Stücken derart, daß die Fläche des Abschnitts (10) optimal genutzt wird, und das Schneiden der Stücke aus dem Abschnitt entsprechend der vorgenommenen Plazierung, gekennzeichnet durch die folgenden weiteren Schritte:
    Versehen der Oberfläche des Abschnitts (10) mit ersten Markierungen (30, 40), die zumindest die Konfiguration des Abschnitts bei der Digitalisierung kennzeichnen;
    Detektieren der ersten Markierungen (30, 40) zum Gewinnen erster Lageinformationen, die die Stellen dieser ersten Markierungen (30, 40) repräsentieren;
    Aufzeichnen der ersten Lage-Informationen, die dem Abschnitt (10) mit der digitalisierten Konfiguration entsprechen,
    Projizieren von Bildern der ersten Markierungen, welche die Stellen in Übereinstimmung mit den ersten Lage-Informationen belegen, auf eine Arbeitsfläche (312, 314), und
    Anordnen des entsprechenden Abschnitts (10) auf der Arbeitsfläche (312, 314), indem die auf der Oberfläche des Abschnitts (10) befindlichen Markierungen (30, 40) mit ihren Projektionsbildern ausgerichtet werden, um die Stücke aus dem Abschnitt (10) auszuschneiden, der eine Konfiguration ähnlich derjenigen bei der Digitalisierung hat.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die ersten Markierungen solche Markierungen (30) aufweisen, die sich an Stellen befinden, wo sie am meisten empfindlich sind für das Wiederspiegeln von Abmessungsschwankungen und Verformungen des Abschnitts.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die ersten Markierungen solche Markierungen (40) aufweisen, welche die Lage des Abschnitts bezüglich eines Referenzlagesystems bei der Digitalisierung kennzeichnen.
  4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3 in Abhängigkeit des Anspruchs 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die ersten Markierungen, welche die Orientierung des Abschnitts kennzeichnen, verschieden sind von ersten Markierungen, welche die Abmessungsschwankungen oder Verformungen des Abschnitts wiederspiegeln.
  5. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die ersten Markierungen (30, 40) als Aufkleber ausgebildet sind.
  6. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es außerdem folgende Schritte aufweist:
    Versehen der Oberfläche des Abschnitts (10) mit zweiten Markierungen (20), welche die Stellen von Fehlern des digitalisierten Abschnitts angeben,
    Detektieren der zweiten Markierungen, um zweite Lage-Informationen zu gewinnen, die repräsentativ sind für die Stellen von Fehlern,
    Aufzeichnen der zweiten Lage-Informationen entsprechend dem Abschnitt, dessen Konfiguration digitalisiert wird, und
    Verwenden der graphischen Informationen, die kennzeichnend sind für die Form des Abschnitts, sowie der zweiten Lage-Informationen, um ein Bild darzustellen, welches den Abschnitt und die Fehlerstellen darstellt, um die Plazierung unter Berücksichtigung von gegebenenfalls vorhandenen Fehlern des Abschnitts vorzunehmen.
  7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die zweiten Markierungen (20) die Konturen von fehlerhaften Zonen des Abschnitts kennzeichnen.
  8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6 oder 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es folgende weiteren Schritte aufweist:
    Versehen der Oberfläche des Abschnitts (10) mit dritten Markierungen (22), die an Stellen von Fehlern des Abschnitts gelegen sind und den Schweregrad dieser Fehler angeben,
    Detektieren der dritten Markierungen, um Fehler-Informationen zu gewinnen, die repräsentativ sind für die Schwere der Fehler,
    Aufzeichnen der Informationen über die Schwere der Fehler entsprechend den Fehlern, deren Stellen durch die zweiten Lage-Informationen angegeben werden, und
    Verwenden der Informationen über die Schwere der Fehler, um auf dem Bild des Abschnitts und der Fehlerstellen an jeder dieser Fehlerstellen eine Anzeige über die entsprechende Schwere des Fehlers darzustellen.
  9. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 8, bei dem die Plazierung von einer Bedienungsperson in der Weise erfolgt, daß ein Bild des Abschnitts (10) auf einem Bildschirm (212) betrachtet wird und Daten und/oder Befehle über eine Vorrichtung (14) angibt, die eine Schnittstelle mit einem Informationssystem darstellt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Bildschirm, auf dem das den Abschnitt und die Fehlerstellen repräsentierende Bild angezeigt wird, ebenso wie die Schnittstellen-Vorrichtung bewegbar entlang einem Träger (220) gelagert sind, auf dem der Abschnitt angeordnet werden kann, damit die Bedienungsperson die Möglichkeit hat, gleichzeitig das Bild der Stelle eines Fehlers und genau diesen Fehler, der real auf der Oberfläche des Abschnitts vorhanden ist, zu betrachten.
  10. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Markierungen unterschiedliche Formen aufweisen, je nach dem, was sie symbolisieren.
  11. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß im Zuge der Digitalisierung eine numerische Bilddatei erstellt wird, die graphische Informationen über die Form des Abschnitts, Lage-Informationen des Abschnitts, welche die Konfiguration des Abschnitts und seine Lage bei der Digitalisierung angeben, Lage-Informationen von Fehlern, welche die Stellen von möglichen Fehlern auf dem Abschnitt angeben, Fehlerschwere-Informationen, die die Schwere von möglichen Fehlern auf dem Abschnitt angeben, und Identifizierungs-Informationen des Abschnitts beinhaltet.
  12. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß im Zuge der Plazierung eine numerische Plazierungsdatei erstellt wird, welche Informationen, die die Stellen und Konturen von aus dem Abschnitt auszuschneidenden Stücken kennzeichnen, Informationen, welche die auszuschneidenden Stücke kennzeichnen, und Informationen zur Identifizierung des Abschnitts beinhaltet.
  13. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Ausrichten von auf der Oberfläche des Abschnitts befindlichen Markierung (30, 40) mit ihren auf die Arbeitsfläche (314) projizierten Bildern erfolgt, bis sie übereinstimmen.
  14. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß dann, wenn es nicht möglich ist, die Stellen der Markierungen (30, 40) auf der Oberfläche des Abschnitts (10) in Übereinstimmung zu bringen mit ihren auf die Arbeitsfläche (314) projizierten Bildern, die Abweichung zwischen den Stellen gemessen wird, die aufgezeichneten graphischen Informationen und die ersten Lage-Informationen durch geometrische Transformation in Abhängigkeit der gemessenen Abweichung modifiziert werden, um sie anzupassen an die realen Stellen der auf der Oberfläche des auf der Arbeitsfläche befindlichen Abschnitts vorhandenen Markierungen, wobei die Plazierung in der Form gegebenenfalls modifiziert wird.
  15. Verfahren nach Anspruch 14 in Abhängigkeit von Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die zweiten Lage-Informationen, die repräsentativ sind für Stellen möglicher Fehler, ebenfalls durch geometrische Transformation modifiziert werden.
  16. Verfahren nach Anspruch 14 oder 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Abweichung zwischen den Stellen durch Messung auf der Arbeitsfläche bestimmt wird.
  17. Verfahren nach Anspruch 15 oder 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Abweichung zwischen den Stellen ermittelt wird durch Modifizierungen der ersten Lage-Informationen und durch solche Modifizierungen, die erforderlich sind, damit die Stellen der Markierungen und deren projizierte Bilder zusammenfallen.
  18. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß nach dem Ausschneiden der Stücke aus dem Abschnitt auf die ausgeschnittenen Stücke Bilder von Symbolen projiziert werden, um deren Abnehmen zu erleichtern.
  19. Verfahren nach Anspruch 18, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Bilder der Symbole mit der gleichen Projektionsvorrichtung projiziert werden, die auch zur Projektion von Bildern der ersten Markierungen verwendet wird.
  20. Verfahren nach Anspruch 18 oder 19, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß für den Fall, daß die ausgeschnittenen Stücke für Produkte unterschiedlicher Modelle und unterschiedlicher Größen bestimmt sind, man aufeinanderfolgend für jedes Modell und Größe für Größe das Bild eines speziellen Symbols projiziert, welches die Zuordnung der betreffenden Stücke erleichtert.
  21. Verfahren nach Anspruch 20, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die aufeinanderfolgenden Projektionen durch Fernsteuerung ausgelöst werden.
  22. Verfahren nach Anspruch 20 oder 21, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Abnehmen der Stücke mittels Zuordnungselementen erfolgt, die durch Symbole gekennzeichnet sind, welche identisch mit den auf die Stücke projizierten Symbolen sind, derart, daß die Zuordnung gleicher Stücke zu einem entsprechenden Zuordnungselement erleichtert wird.
EP95918648A 1994-04-27 1995-04-27 Verfahren zur digitalisierung und zum schneiden von abschnitten, die sich nichtwiederholende formen besitzen Expired - Lifetime EP0757616B1 (de)

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FR9405083 1994-04-27
FR9405083A FR2719403B1 (fr) 1994-04-27 1994-04-27 Procédé de numérisation et découpe de coupons ayant des formes non répétitives.
PCT/FR1995/000551 WO1995029046A1 (fr) 1994-04-27 1995-04-27 Procede de numerisation et decoupe de coupons ayant des formes non repetitives

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EP0757616A1 (de) 1997-02-12
JPH09512215A (ja) 1997-12-09
DE69504825T2 (de) 1999-05-12
DE69504825D1 (de) 1998-10-22
ES2123253T3 (es) 1999-01-01
WO1995029046A1 (fr) 1995-11-02
US5838569A (en) 1998-11-17
FR2719403B1 (fr) 1996-07-19
FR2719403A1 (fr) 1995-11-03

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