EP0756544B1 - Groupe imprimant thermoelectrique pour le transfert d'une encre sur un support d'impression - Google Patents

Groupe imprimant thermoelectrique pour le transfert d'une encre sur un support d'impression Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0756544B1
EP0756544B1 EP95901343A EP95901343A EP0756544B1 EP 0756544 B1 EP0756544 B1 EP 0756544B1 EP 95901343 A EP95901343 A EP 95901343A EP 95901343 A EP95901343 A EP 95901343A EP 0756544 B1 EP0756544 B1 EP 0756544B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
printing
thermoelectric
drum
ink
printing drum
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP95901343A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0756544A1 (fr
Inventor
Manfred Wiedemer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Canon Production Printing Germany GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Oce Printing Systems GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Oce Printing Systems GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Oce Printing Systems GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP0756544A1 publication Critical patent/EP0756544A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0756544B1 publication Critical patent/EP0756544B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41C—PROCESSES FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR REPRODUCTION OF PRINTING SURFACES
    • B41C1/00—Forme preparation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01—Ink jet
    • B41J2/135—Nozzles
    • B41J2/14—Structure thereof only for on-demand ink jet heads
    • B41J2/14016—Structure of bubble jet print heads
    • B41J2/14161—Structure having belt or drum with holes filled with ink

Definitions

  • thermoelectric printing unit for Transfer of an ink to a recording medium. It Various thermoelectric printing units are known:
  • Thermal printing uses thermosensitive paper with a heatable print head by heating selected areas of the Printed on paper by discoloring the warmed areas.
  • thermal transfer printing process one is on a carrier film existing, color-containing wax layer with the help of heatable printing elements partially melted and on paper transfer.
  • ink is applied from a nozzle injected a record carrier.
  • the nozzles have one Heating device that can be activated individually for each nozzle is.
  • the ink contained in the nozzle is removed by the heater warmed, creating a gas bubble that the Ejects ink from the nozzle.
  • the nozzles are usually located in a print head. Of the Printhead has an ink supply from which the nozzles are supplied with ink by capillary forces.
  • the maximal Spray frequency of such ink printing units with thermoelectric Converter (bubble-jet) is limited to approx. 4 kHz.
  • Drop size requires the ink 250 ⁇ s and more, until the through Capillary suction of ink for the next spraying process is available.
  • the activation time for the heating element in the nozzle of approx. 5 to 10 ⁇ s and the time until In contrast, droplet formation of approx. 50 ⁇ s is relatively short.
  • the spray frequency cannot be increased significantly.
  • a cylindrical pressure roller is known the jacket of which a plurality of arranged in a matrix Has openings for a highly viscous ink.
  • the Ink is stored inside the platen. Every passage opening is a selectively controllable heating element assigned, with the help of a flow of ink through the passage opening can be released. The released ink flows directly to you due to gravity Record carrier that is in contact with the corresponding, in the area of the approved passage opening surface of the platen roller.
  • the printing speed can increase. Due to the principle-related immediate There is contact of the printing roller with the recording medium the risk that the through-openings become dirty and as a result the quality of the printed image is reduced. In addition, it is through the direct contact between Print roller and recording medium absolutely necessary the passage openings according to the print image resolution to be arranged on the printing roller as an endless matrix. Thereby the fineness of the print image resolution is limited because a large number of through openings electrically a control unit must be coupled and the coupling paths cannot be reduced to any size. Through stockpiling the ink in the platen is a change of ink extremely difficult using the same platen roller noticeable.
  • the present invention is based on the object thermoelectric printing unit for transferring an ink to show a record carrier that allows the Print speed without loss of print resolution, the print image quality and the maintainability of the thermoelectric Conditional printing unit.
  • the inking station on a distributor roller the surface rolls tangentially on the surface of the printing drum.
  • the distributor roller is partially immersed in one along the distributor roller extending tub filled with ink a.
  • the ink can thereby over the entire longitudinal extent the print drum evenly dosed to the print drum brought up and filled into the pressure elements.
  • the rolling area of the distributor roller on the printing drum in Downstream of the direction of movement of the printing drum is a squeegee, which extend along the surface of the printing drum stretches and wipes excess ink off the surface. This causes excess ink to enter the inking station returned.
  • the surface of the printing drum is from any ink residue is cleaned.
  • the cleaning effect is by the design of the invention, after which the lateral surface the printing drum by a hydrophobic and / or oliophobic Protective layer is formed, supported. Whether the hydrophobic and / or the oliophobic protective layer is selected from depending on the ink used.
  • the printing drum can be in larger printing pauses or in any necessary cleaning intervals of adherent Ink or dirt.
  • the record carrier as an intermediate carrier formed on the area of a counter pressure device a printing material rolls off, whereby the printed image on the Substrate is transferable.
  • the intermediate carrier direct influence of the printing material, for example Paper on which the print drum can be prevented.
  • the reliability of the printing unit and the quality of the printed image can thereby further increased.
  • the life of the print drum can also be increased.
  • the Intermediate carrier made of an elastic material, for example Made of rubber or silicone. That way he can become one rough surface or irregular shapes, e.g. at the Adjust label printing, of a substrate. During the transfer printing process from the printing drum to the intermediate carrier is nevertheless given an even distance between their surfaces, thereby avoiding blurring of the printed image.
  • the intermediate carrier assigned.
  • the printing elements of various printing drums can be filled with differently colored inks will. This enables multi-color printing. There the transfer printing on the individual printing drums contactless to If there is an intermediate carrier, color spreading is excluded.
  • thermoelectric printing unit for transferring an ink 13 on a record carrier 14 contains a circular cylindrical Printing drum 10, which rotates in the direction of rotation 15. Of the Record carrier 14 is at a transfer printing point 18 in Recording medium transport direction 16 at a distance 17 on the Printing drum passed. At the transfer location 18 are Recording medium transport direction 16 and direction of rotation 15 the printing drum 10 rectified. At the transfer location 18 a transfer roller 19 is arranged. The axis of symmetry of the Transfer roller 19 runs parallel to the axis of rotation of the printing drum 10 and perpendicular to the recording medium transport direction 16. Between the transfer roller 19 and the printing drum 10, the record carrier 14 is transported through. The record carrier 14 rolls tangentially over his entire width on the transfer roller 19. Through the transfer roller 19 is thus the uniform distance 17 between the Record carrier and the printing drum 10 guaranteed.
  • the thermoelectric printing unit also contains a coloring station 11 arranged on the circumference of the printing drum 10 is.
  • the coloring station 11 contains a circular cylindrical one Distribution roller 12, the surface of which is tangential to the surface the printing drum 10 rolls.
  • the distribution roller 12 is stored in a tub 20 which extends along the distribution roller 12 extends.
  • the tub 20 is filled with ink 13 so that the distribution roller 12 partially, for example with the Half of its circumference in which ink 13 is dipped. When immersing the distribution roller 12 picks up the ink 13 and transfers it the ink 13 adhering to it to the printing drum 10. Um to be able to transport sufficient quantities of ink 13, the distribution roller contains 12 porous material.
  • a wiper strip 21 is arranged in the direction of rotation 15, which extend along the surface of the printing drum 10 extends and excess ink 13 from the surface thereof strips off.
  • the excess ink 13 becomes through the tub 20 caught and by means not shown again in the ink supply 13 located in the tub 20.
  • the thermoelectric printing unit also contains an as Cleaning roller 22 trained cleaning station.
  • the cleaning roller 22 can be pivoted onto the printing drum 10 in such a way that they tangentially over the entire width of the printing drum 10 this rolls off.
  • the surface of the cleaning roller 22 is formed by absorbent material, for example a flow. In the case of pivoting the cleaning roller 22 to the Printing drum 10 becomes the inking station 11 or its distribution roller 12 pivoted away from the printing drum 10.
  • On the printing drum 10 are from one end of the Printing drum 10 matrix lines extending to the other end face 33 arranged.
  • a matrix line 33 exposes itself a plurality of individual printing elements 30 together.
  • the Pressure elements 30 are as depressions in the surface of the Printing drum 10 formed, being in the recess a selectively activatable heater 31 is located.
  • a plurality of matrix lines run 33 axially evenly spaced on the printing drum 10.
  • the row spacings 34 correspond to the column spacings 35 the resolution of the printed image.
  • the arrangement of the Printing elements 30 thus corresponds to an endless matrix.
  • At a resolution of 240 dpi (dots per inch) corresponds to the Row spacing 34 and column spacing 35 1/240 inches.
  • Of the Diameter of the depression of a pressure element 30 is about 50 ⁇ m.
  • the in the depressions of the pressure elements 30th contained heating elements 31 are through a network of columns and Row lines 42, 43 can be selectively activated.
  • the column and Row lines 42, 43 are for this purpose with a control unit 40 coupled.
  • control unit 40 is on the front side of the Printing drum 10 arranged.
  • the control unit 40 is through a module that has a plurality of integrated circuits has, formed and on the front side of the printing drum 10th assembled. By bonding or laser beam welding, the Connections to column and row lines 42, 43 produced.
  • the arrangement of the control unit 40 on the Printing drum 10 ensures that always that matrix line 33 with print information supplied by the printer or copier is applied, which is located at the transfer location 18th located.
  • the pressure element 30 is constructed in accordance with FIG. 5.
  • In this first layer 24 are Column lines 42 embedded.
  • In a second, look over the layer 25 located in the first layer 24 are row lines 43 embedded. At their crossing points are between column lines 42 and row lines 43 Heating elements 31 introduced.
  • the second layer 25 instructs Intersections on circular cylindrical penetrations, which the depressions reaching up to the heating elements 31 form.
  • a protective layer 26 is provided, which is an immediate Contact between heating element 31 and ink 13 prevented.
  • a third layer 27, which encloses the second layer 25, forms the outer surface of the printing drum 10.
  • the third Layer 27 points with the depressions of the pressure elements 30 aligned funnel-shaped penetrations 36.
  • the third Layer consists of hydrophobic material. A cluster of Ink 13 on the drum surface is thereby avoided.
  • the funnel-like penetration 36 favors the filling of the Pressure element 30 by avoiding air pockets the distributor roller 12.
  • the distribution roller 12 is during the printing operation with the Printing drum 10 always in contact.
  • the distributor roller 12 feeds ink 13 into the printing elements 30.
  • the ink 13 remains in the printing element 30 and up to the transfer location 18 will depend on the respective print information expelled the pressure element 30. This will be done at the crossing point the row and column lines 43, 42 arranged Heating resistors 31 supplied with current and thus heated. This heat is transferred to the ink 13, causing forms a vapor bubble.
  • the vapor bubble drives the ink 13 out of the pressure element 30.
  • the teardrop-shaped ink 13 strikes the record carrier 14. Melt there the ink drops, which despite the non-overlapping geometric arrangement of the pressure elements 30 a closed Lettering received.
  • FIGS. 6 to 9 there are four matrix lines 33 axially on the printing drum 10 between its end faces run, arranged on the printing drum 10.
  • the scope of the Printing drum 10 is the printing drum in this embodiment 10 divided into four sectors isolated from each other. Each sector is based on that, the core of the Carrier 23 forming printing drum 10 constructed in the following manner:
  • An electrically conductive layer 39 is over a Insulation 29 applied to the carrier 23.
  • Layer 39 serves as a row line 43.
  • On the layer 39 is a film 38 arranged that a matrix line with printing elements 30 and contains the associated column lines 42.
  • the single ones Sectors are separated by an insulation 28 which is between the Sectors is introduced, electrically isolated from each other.
  • a control unit is located on one end of the printing drum 10 40 arranged according to Figure 4, with the as foil conductor tracks trained column lines 42 and the row line 43 is coupled.
  • the control unit 40 has column switches 41 according to FIG. 7 and a line switch 44.
  • the line switch 44 connects that matrix row 33 with a voltage source 45, which is located in the area of the transfer location 18.
  • the column switches 41 according to the present Pressure information of the heating element 31 of a pressure element 30 connected to the voltage source 45.
  • the heating element 31 has an electrical resistance of 30 to 100 ohms and is supplied by the voltage source 45 with a voltage between 5 and 40 volts applied.
  • the film 38 is made with the help of printed circuit board technology known methods built.
  • the pressure elements 30 are through Penetrations formed with funnel-shaped openings, the penetrations closed by the heating elements 31 are.
  • the heating element 31 extends to the bottom the film 38 and can thereby directly with the layer 39th be contacted.
  • the conductor tracks 42 are in the film 38 embedded.
  • the immediately adjacent printing elements 30 along the matrix line offset and arranged on both sides of a line of symmetry Due to the expected thermal load on the film 38 and the current load of the voltage source 45 are the immediately adjacent printing elements 30 along the matrix line offset and arranged on both sides of a line of symmetry. Since the rotation speed of the printing drum 10 is greater than the transport speed of the recording medium 14, can nevertheless by appropriate control of the pressure elements 30, which are either on one or are on the other side of the line of symmetry 46, one positionally accurate transfer of the ink 13 to the recording medium 14 are guaranteed. The delayed control leads to an even current load of the Power source 45.
  • FIGS. 10 and 11 Another variant of the arrangement of a matrix row 33 the printing drum 10 is shown in FIGS. 10 and 11.
  • Two matrix rows 33 run diagonally on the printing drum 10 between the faces of the printing drum 10.
  • the speed of rotation the printing drum 10 is larger than that Media speed, and the individual printing elements 30 of the matrix rows are controlled accordingly, that the ink 13 is positioned precisely on the recording medium 14 is transmitted.
  • the pressure elements 30 via column lines 42 is connected to a control unit 40.
  • the heating elements 31 and Layer 47 containing column lines 42 is applied.
  • a layer 48 of oliophobic material is arranged above it, the penetrations in the area of the heating elements 31 49 has.
  • thermoelectric printing unit is in accordance with Figure 1 expanded by an intermediate support 51.
  • Intermediate carrier 51 On this Intermediate carrier 51 is the printed image with the help of a configured printing drum 10 transferred.
  • the printing drum 10 acts with a coloring station 11, a squeegee 21 and a cleaning station 22 together.
  • the transferred to the intermediate carrier 51 Print image is at a transfer printing point 56 on the recording medium 14 transferred.
  • the intermediate carrier 51 is a circular cylindrical roller elastic jacket surface. At the transfer location 56, the recording medium 14 between a counter pressure roller 55 and the intermediate carrier roller 51, the tangential roll on each other, transported through. The print image is caused by direct contact of the intermediate carrier roller 51 transferred to the record carrier 14 thereon.
  • the elastic surface of the intermediate support roller 51 causes even with rough surfaces of the recording medium 14 or if the surface of the recording medium is uneven, as with label printing, a high quality of transfer printing is achievable.
  • the use of the intermediate carrier roller 51 protect the printing drum 10 from any pollution caused by the transportation of the Record carrier 14 in the immediate vicinity of the printing drum 10 occurs. Through special spatial separation measures (not shown), e.g. the installation of the printing drum 10 in an almost completely closed housing, the spatial separation can be achieved.
  • thermoelectric printing unit for multi-color printing is shown in Figure 14.
  • An intermediate carrier 50 transports an applied to the intermediate carrier 50 multicolored printed image to a transfer location 56, where that 13 by the interaction of the intermediate carrier 50 and a counter-pressure roller 55 on the recording medium 14 is transferable.
  • the intermediate carrier 50 is designed as an intermediate carrier belt between two Deflection rollers 53, 54 is transported.
  • the intermediate carrier belt 50 are four transfer rolls 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 10.4 arranged. With the help of these transfer rollers 10 becomes ink 13 transferred to the intermediate carrier 50.
  • Each transfer roll 10 is assigned a coloring station 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 11.4.
  • Each inking station 11 is of different color with ink 13 filled.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Ink Jet (AREA)
  • Electronic Switches (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Dispositif d'impression thermo-électrique pour le report d'une encre sur un support d'enregistrement, comprenant
    un tambour d'impression,
    plus d'une ligne de matrice d'éléments d'impression disposés sur le tambour d'impression, qui sont réalisés sous la forme d'une alvéole dans la surface du tambour d'impression, un dispositif de chauffage qui peut être activé sélectivement étant prévu dans l'alvéole,
    une station d'encrage disposée sur la périphérie du tambour d'impression et au moyen de laquelle de l'encre peut être introduite de la surface du tambour d'impression dans les éléments d'impression, et
    un poste de transfert auquel les éléments chauffants peuvent être activés conformément à une information d'impression, de sorte que l'encre peut être expulsée des éléments d'impression correspondants vers le support d'enregistrement.
  2. Dispositif d'impression thermo-électrique selon la revendication 1, comprenant une station d'encrage qui comprend :
    un rouleau distributeur dont la surface roule tangentiellement sur la surface du tambour d'impression,
    une cuvette s'étendant le long du rouleau distributeur, qui est remplie d'encre et dans laquelle le rouleau distributeur plonge partiellement.
  3. Dispositif d'impression thermo-électrique selon la revendication 2, comprenant une raclette disposée en aval de la région de roulement dans le sens du mouvement du tambour d'impression, qui s'étend le long de la surface du tambour d'impression et racle l'encre en excès sur la surface.
  4. Dispositif d'impression thermo-électrique selon une des revendications précédentes, comprenant une station de nettoyage disposée sur la périphérie du tambour d'impression, qui peut être mise en contact avec la surface du tambour d'impression en cas de besoin.
  5. Dispositif d'impression thermo-électrique selon une des revendications précédentes, comprenant une couche protectrice hydrophobe et/ou oléophobe qui forme la surface latérale du tambour d'impression.
  6. Dispositif d'impression thermo-électrique selon une des revendications précédentes, comprenant un arrangement des éléments d'impression en matrice sans fin qui correspond à la résolution de l'image imprimée.
  7. Dispositif d'impression thermo-électrique selon une des revendications 1 à 5, comprenant un arrangement d'au moins deux lignes de matrice s'étendant axialement sur le tambour d'impression, dont les éléments chauffants peuvent être activés en alternance.
  8. Dispositif d'impression thermo-électrique selon la revendication 7, dans lequel les éléments d'impression immédiatement adjacents sont disposés dans des positions décalées sur la longueur de la ligne de la matrice, de part et d'autre d'une ligne de symétrie.
  9. Dispositif d'impression thermo-électrique selon une des revendications 1 à 5, comprenant des lignes de matrice s'étendant en diagonale entre les côtés frontaux du tambour d'impression.
  10. Dispositif d'impression thermo-électrique selon une des revendications précédentes, comprenant un support d'enregistrement constituant un support intermédiaire, qui roule sur une matière à imprimer dans la région d'un dispositif de contre pression, de sorte que l'image à imprimer peut être reportée sur la matière à imprimer.
  11. Dispositif d'impression thermo-électrique selon la revendication 10, comprenant plusieurs tambours d'impression associés au support intermédiaire.
  12. Dispositif d'impression thermo-électrique selon une des revendications précédentes, comprenant une unité de commande pour les dispositifs de chauffage activés sélectivement, qui peut être couplée au tambour d'impression.
EP95901343A 1994-04-20 1994-11-29 Groupe imprimant thermoelectrique pour le transfert d'une encre sur un support d'impression Expired - Lifetime EP0756544B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4413680 1994-04-20
DE4413680 1994-04-20
PCT/DE1994/001417 WO1995029063A1 (fr) 1994-04-20 1994-11-29 Groupe imprimant thermoelectrique pour le transfert d'une encre sur un support d'impression

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0756544A1 EP0756544A1 (fr) 1997-02-05
EP0756544B1 true EP0756544B1 (fr) 1998-03-18

Family

ID=6515935

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP95901343A Expired - Lifetime EP0756544B1 (fr) 1994-04-20 1994-11-29 Groupe imprimant thermoelectrique pour le transfert d'une encre sur un support d'impression

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US5760808A (fr)
EP (1) EP0756544B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH09511459A (fr)
DE (1) DE59405497D1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1995029063A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7042476B2 (en) 2002-09-24 2006-05-09 Oce Printing Systems Gmbh Printing device and method to transfer ink onto a recording medium by use of spark discharge

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JPH11138773A (ja) * 1997-11-10 1999-05-25 Fuji Xerox Co Ltd 画像形成方法および画像形成装置
US6907826B1 (en) 1999-06-30 2005-06-21 OCé PRINTING SYSTEMS GMBH Method and device for printing a base material and cleaning a printing roller
WO2001002171A1 (fr) * 1999-06-30 2001-01-11 OCé PRINTING SYSTEMS GMBH Procede et dispositif d'impression permettant le transfert de fluide d'impression sur un materiau support et rouleau d'impression associe
US6822996B1 (en) * 2002-06-15 2004-11-23 Intel Corporation Mount having high mechanical stiffness and tunable external cavity laser assembly including same
EP1694507A4 (fr) * 2003-07-31 2010-01-06 Nissim Einat Procede et appareil d'impression par jet d'encre
US7052125B2 (en) 2003-08-28 2006-05-30 Lexmark International, Inc. Apparatus and method for ink-jet printing onto an intermediate drum in a helical pattern
US7556339B2 (en) * 2004-02-12 2009-07-07 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Ink jet printing apparatus
US7987784B2 (en) * 2006-12-19 2011-08-02 Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated Printing system employing deformable polymer printing plates
US8749603B2 (en) * 2012-06-12 2014-06-10 Xerox Corporation Inkjet printer having an image drum heating and cooling system
EP3911130A1 (fr) * 2020-05-12 2021-11-17 Nederlandse Organisatie voor toegepast- natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek TNO Transfert de matériaux visqueux

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7042476B2 (en) 2002-09-24 2006-05-09 Oce Printing Systems Gmbh Printing device and method to transfer ink onto a recording medium by use of spark discharge

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH09511459A (ja) 1997-11-18
DE59405497D1 (de) 1998-04-23
US5760808A (en) 1998-06-02
EP0756544A1 (fr) 1997-02-05
WO1995029063A1 (fr) 1995-11-02

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