EP0752066B1 - Einrichtung zur geräuschreduzierung bei kreiselpumpen - Google Patents
Einrichtung zur geräuschreduzierung bei kreiselpumpen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0752066B1 EP0752066B1 EP95913122A EP95913122A EP0752066B1 EP 0752066 B1 EP0752066 B1 EP 0752066B1 EP 95913122 A EP95913122 A EP 95913122A EP 95913122 A EP95913122 A EP 95913122A EP 0752066 B1 EP0752066 B1 EP 0752066B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- impeller
- leading edge
- guide device
- centrifugal pump
- edges
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 230000010349 pulsation Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 206010067482 No adverse event Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009420 retrofitting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/40—Casings; Connections of working fluid
- F04D29/42—Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps
- F04D29/426—Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps especially adapted for liquid pumps
- F04D29/428—Discharge tongues
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/40—Casings; Connections of working fluid
- F04D29/42—Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps
- F04D29/44—Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers
- F04D29/445—Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers especially adapted for liquid pumps
- F04D29/448—Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers especially adapted for liquid pumps bladed diffusers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/66—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing
- F04D29/669—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing especially adapted for liquid pumps
Definitions
- the invention relates to a centrifugal pump according to the The preamble of claim 1, as known from GB-A-112 292.
- US-A-2 018 092 is a single-acting centrifugal pump known.
- a radial wheel rotates in a pot-shaped housing and conveys into an annulus.
- Extend into the annulus Sheets standing radially on the inner wall of the housing run helically to the pressure side wheel side space.
- the sheets are circular in shape and have the same diameter arranged. Due to the lack of coverage of these sheets there is therefore no increase in pressure behind the impeller. in the Sheets arranged on the wheel side guide the swirled Flow to an exit.
- GB-A-112 292 is a measure to influence the Cavitation behavior of volute casing pumps disclosed. Compared to the usual spirals developing over 360 ° finds a spiral that only develops over 240 ° Use. 120 ° of the wheel circumference are covered. Here has the first half seen in the flow direction the impeller cover is gradually blocked Impeller outlet cross-section during the second half a complete blockage of the impeller outlet cross section causes. This blocking measure will make a noise causing pulsating pump operation.
- US-A-2 362 514 teaches the use of a turbocharger Gap enlargement between impeller outlet and stator inlet.
- the gap has a wedge-shaped cross section. Consequently should secondary flows in the transition between running and Stator are influenced to avoid vibrations. This Measure causes loss of efficiency.
- the invention is therefore based on the problem of a solution develop with the help of hydraulic noise behavior clearly without negative influence on the pump efficiency is reduced.
- the guide device arranged downstream of an impeller which the speed energy of the impeller Converts medium into a pressure energy, it can be a spiral with at least one leading edge or around one downstream stator with the leading edges of the respective Acting stator blades. Contrary to the usual Embodiments in which the leading edges parallel to The leading edges indicate the axis of rotation the guide device one with respect to the axis of rotation of the impeller sloping course. Their inclination, regardless of whether it is a spur forming a leading edge Spiral or leading edges of stator blades no adverse effects on the function of the control device.
- Velocity energy of the medium in pressure energy converting is not due to the leading edge course influenced.
- the inclination of the leading edge is like this chosen that the gap between the impeller and leading edge remains largely the same size.
- Guidance device one or more spatially curved, three-dimensional blades. Their use results in at the same time better hydraulic conditions.
- the wall surfaces of the Stator blades within the stator one of the Inclination of the leading edges following inclination.
- the vane channel formed between them therefore has - Put simply - a cross-sectional area that one Parallelogram resembles.
- the course of the process is crucial Leading edge.
- the subsequent course of the Blade surfaces of the guide device can be the usual Customs or rules of interpretation.
- Essential is a course that corresponds to the intended use of the Control device corresponds. In the same way, this applies to the spur of a volute casing designed as a single blade.
- entry into the Guide device designed for optimal noise reduction be the guidance device itself for the desired one Pressure implementation and the exit of the Guide device for the most favorable inflow conditions downstream impeller.
- the control device itself is said to be between its bounding wall surfaces enable desired pressure ratios.
- a major advantage of the invention is the ability to change the radial distance between one or several leading edges of the guide device and the impeller smaller than usual. This results in hydraulic advantages. From the inclination of the leading edges any resulting larger forces can be Use axial thrust compensation.
- a guide device In the case of a guide device according to the invention, regardless of whether it is a stator or a spiral are in Depending on the size of the impeller / guide device combinations used and the number of used Buckets a variety of possible inclinations of the Leading edge possible.
- the leading edge or edges can For example, be arranged so that they are of the same up to an opposite oblique position to the Impeller blade trailing edges run. So is a considerably greater freedom to influence the Noise development due to the interaction between the given blade edges passing each other.
- At a Arrangement of the blade edges of the impeller outlet and Guide device entrance with an inclination in the same Pay attention to an angular offset to one linear passage between the leading edge and the impeller blade to exclude. In the spiral casings, this points to the The leading edge of a spur following a wall surface fluid transition in the subsequent, unchanged Spiral room on.
- Impeller Guide device When using a subordinate to the impeller Guide device according to the invention with narrow gaps between Impeller and guide device can be reduced noise pressure pulsations in the order of up to 20 dB determine.
- the inclined leading edges have over a length that is 0.1 to 1.2 times one Correspond to the impeller blade division at the impeller outlet. In Accordingly, the ends of the circumferential direction in the leading wall edges merging with each other staggered.
- a non-linear course for the leading edges can also be useful when using Impellers whose blade trailing edges have a course which have a non-linear leading edge a guidance device makes sense.
- a arrow-shaped training, comparable to an arrow wing can have a positive or negative arrow is both at the leading edge as well as at the blade exit edge of the Impeller attachable. Allow appropriate combinations a serious one for a wide variety of applications Reduction of noise behavior.
- the invention is Guide device independent of an impeller. It offers the possibility of retrofitting already installed systems, if these with a replaceable Guide device are provided or are adaptable accordingly.
- a further embodiment provides that the distance between the cylinder planes on which the leading edges of the Guide device and the trailing edges of the blades lie, is different. This feature offers several Benefits. This means that there can be different distances on a stator between impeller outlet diameter and Guide vane leading edges are provided. You might as well a different distance between successive Guide vanes are provided, d. H. every second leading edge would then be the same distance.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view as a guide device 1 Representation of a stator shown.
- a guide wheel usually consists of two wall surfaces, between which connecting guide vanes are arranged.
- the one shown here Stator has a wall surface 2 with which several Stator blades 3 are firmly connected.
- the leading edges 4 of the In the example shown here, guide vanes 3 lie on one Cylinder surface that is concentric to the impeller axis of rotation is arranged.
- the follow on this cylinder surface Leading edges of the curvature of the cylinder surface and extend intersecting to the axis of rotation. Viewed in the meridian section, in this example, both the leading edges 4 and also the trailing edges 5 axially parallel.
- the meridian cut identifies the area that a blade at their rotation over the axis of rotation of the impeller.
- the leading edges have an inclination or overlap which is equal to the blade pitch t of the guide device 1.
- the leading edge 4 extends from its one end point 6, which is located on the wall surface 2, to its other, here freely standing end point 7.
- the inclined position of the leading edge 4 was chosen so that the end point 7, in the direction seen on the plane of rotation axis of rotation, located above the end point 6 of an adjacent guide vane 3.
- the mutual offset of the end points 6, 7 of a leading edge 4 corresponds here to the simple one of a blade division.
- the inclination can correspond to 0.1 to 1.2 times a blade pitch t of an impeller.
- an inclined position is selected which corresponds to a maximum of one blade division at the impeller inlet.
- the inclination of such impellers will correspond to a smaller value in order to maintain the inlet cross-section of a correspondingly narrow guide device in terms of production technology.
- an oblique position can be used which extends up to 1.2 times a blade pitch.
- the guide device 1 shown here is a for reasons better visibility than the so-called open idler shown. It could be installed directly and z. B. at a multi-stage pump with the open side on one Fit the stage housing wall. But it is also straightforward possible this stator as a so-called closed Training the stator. The blades would then be between two wall surfaces arranged.
- Fig. 2 shows a sectional view of a housing 8 a Centrifugal pump.
- the guide device 1 is here as a spiral 9 educated.
- An impeller 10 is located within the housing 8 arranged. Whose blade leading edges 11 pass during of operation, the leading edge 12. This extends between the cutting lines H 1 - H 3 and runs obliquely to axis of rotation 13 perpendicular to the plane of the drawing
- the medium 10 emerging from the medium is shaped 14 partly in the pressure nozzle 15 and partly in the spiral 9 headed.
- the leading edge and the spiral about a more or less pronounced shape or Throat 16.
- This Cross section change of the spiral is according to the desired Operating conditions designed.
- the formation or groove 16 develops like a Guide channel into the spiral. So that can be largely undisturbed distribution from the impeller into the pressure nozzle and with further rotation of the impeller the transition to Guide channel. This distribution of the flow in To a certain extent, the area of the leading edge enables one smooth silent transition in the spur area.
- the inclination of the leading edge 12 located on the spur can reach up to a blade division of the impeller or with wide impeller outlet areas, it is also sufficient. Here too, it is essential to maintain an approximation even gap between the impeller outlet and Spiral start.
- a line cut in the flow direction behind it H 2 is shown in Fig. 4. Leaving the impeller 10 Medium flows into the groove 16 on the one hand and further into it there the spiral 9. Another part passes along the shape 14 in the pressure port 15. Depending on the length or inclination the leading edge 12 can for the duration of the passage of a respective blade channel of an impeller 10 along the Leading edge 12, a small part of the medium from Get the impeller 10 directly into the pressure port 15. A Loss of efficiency is not to be expected and can if necessary by simple adjustments of the impeller be eliminated.
- Fig. 5 the cross section at the end of the leading edge is through the spiral 9 shown according to section H 3. From this point onwards the fluid emerging from the impeller 10 from the fillet 16 or molded into the subsequent spiral.
- the course of a leading edge 4, 12 can, as in the Developments of FIGS. 6-9 using the example of each Leading edges 4, 12 is shown, also one of a straight Line have a different shape. This can be steady or inconsistent courses, sudden changes or the like his. Depending on the prevailing at an impeller outlet Pressure distribution profile can be a course of a Leading edge 4, 12 can be selected, the most favorable conditions in terms of stability, noise reduction and Offers axial thrust behavior.
- the ones shown in Figs. 6-9 Gradients are only exemplary and the subject of the invention is not limited to that. Here also result from the selected course no adverse effects on the Behavior of a stator channel or spiral space. Because of that Possibility for energy conversion is mainly through the whose cross-sectional relationships determined.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
Description
- Fig. 1
- eine Leiteinrichtung als perspektivische Darstellung eines Leitrades, die
- Fig. 2
- einen Schnitt durch eine Kreiselpumpe mit einer Spirale als Leiteinrichtung, die
- Fig. 3 - 5
- verschiedene Schnitte durch die Spirale und die
- Fig. 6 - 9
- am Beispiel einer Anströmkante deren mögliche verschiedene Verlaufsformen.
Claims (8)
- Kreiselpumpe, in deren Gehäuse (8) mindestens ein Laufrad (10) angeordnet ist, dem Laufrad (10) eine Leiteinrichtung (1) zur Umwandlung der Strömungsenergie eines Laufrades (10) in Druckenergie nachgeordnet ist und zu größeren Durchmessern hin verlaufende strömungsführende Flächen der Leiteinrichtung mit ein oder mehreren, einem Laufradaustritt gegenüberliegenden Anströmkanten (4, 12) versehen sind, wobei eine Anströmkante (12) oder die Anströmkanten (4) der Leiteinrichtung (1) im Winkel zur Laufraddrehachse (13) angeordnet sind und bei einem Passieren der Laufradschaufeln ein punktförmiges Überschneiden zwischen Laufradschaufeln und jeweiliger Anströmkante (4, 12) erfolgt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die leiteinrichtung derart ausgebildet ist, daß sich deren Strömungskanal oder deren Strömungskanäle ausgehend von der Anströmkante (12) oder den Anströmkanten (4) in Durchströmrichtung erweitert bzw. erweitern.
- Kreiselpumpe nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Länge einer schräg verlaufenden Anströmkante (4, 12) größer als die Breite einer Leiteinrichtung (1) ist.
- Kreiselpumpe nach den Ansprüchen 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die die Länge der Anströmkanten (4, 12) begrenzenden Endpunkte (6, 7,) um das 0,1fache bis 1,2fache einer Laufradschaufelteilung gegeneinander versetzt angeordnet sind.
- Kreiselpumpe nach einem der Ansprüche 1, 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwischen Laufradaustritt und Anströmkante ein annähernd gleichbleibender Spalt angeordnet ist.
- Kreiselpumpe nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die jeweilige Anströmkante (4, 12) einen nicht linearen Verlauf aufweisen.
- Kreiselpumpe nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Anströmkante (4, 12) pfeilförmig verläuft.
- Kreiselpumpe nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Austrittskanten einer Laufradschaufel pfeilförmig verlaufen.
- Kreiselpumpe nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 3 und 5 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Abstand zwischen den Ebenen, auf denen jeweils die Anströmkanten (4, 12) der Leiteinrichtung (1) und die Austrittskanten der Laufschaufeln liegen, unterschiedlich ist.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4409475 | 1994-03-19 | ||
| DE4409475 | 1994-03-19 | ||
| PCT/EP1995/000963 WO1995025895A1 (de) | 1994-03-19 | 1995-03-15 | Einrichtung zur geräuschreduzierung bei kreiselpumpen |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0752066A1 EP0752066A1 (de) | 1997-01-08 |
| EP0752066B1 true EP0752066B1 (de) | 2000-03-01 |
Family
ID=6513282
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP95913122A Expired - Lifetime EP0752066B1 (de) | 1994-03-19 | 1995-03-15 | Einrichtung zur geräuschreduzierung bei kreiselpumpen |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6017187A (de) |
| EP (1) | EP0752066B1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JPH09510527A (de) |
| DE (2) | DE19509255A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO1995025895A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE29920373U1 (de) * | 1999-11-19 | 2000-01-13 | Motoren Ventilatoren Landshut Gmbh, 84030 Landshut | Gehäuse für einen Lüfter, insbesondere einen Radiallüfter |
| DE10051223A1 (de) | 2000-10-16 | 2002-04-25 | Alstom Switzerland Ltd | Verbindbare Statorelemente |
| US7238164B2 (en) * | 2002-07-19 | 2007-07-03 | Baxter International Inc. | Systems, methods and apparatuses for pumping cassette-based therapies |
| JP2008019752A (ja) * | 2006-07-12 | 2008-01-31 | Hitachi Plant Technologies Ltd | 多段ディフューザポンプ |
| US8398361B2 (en) | 2008-09-10 | 2013-03-19 | Pentair Pump Group, Inc. | High-efficiency, multi-stage centrifugal pump and method of assembly |
| CN101929465B (zh) * | 2009-06-19 | 2013-12-11 | 德昌电机(深圳)有限公司 | 排水泵 |
| KR101270899B1 (ko) * | 2010-08-09 | 2013-06-07 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | 임펠러 및 이를 포함하는 원심 압축기 |
| US8951009B2 (en) * | 2011-05-23 | 2015-02-10 | Ingersoll Rand Company | Sculpted impeller |
| WO2014074204A1 (en) * | 2012-11-10 | 2014-05-15 | Carrier Corporation | Centrifugal pump with slanted cutwater for cavitation prevention |
| US9581034B2 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2017-02-28 | Elliott Company | Turbomachinery stationary vane arrangement for disk and blade excitation reduction and phase cancellation |
| JP6117658B2 (ja) * | 2013-09-06 | 2017-04-19 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 遠心ポンプ |
| ES2973382T3 (es) * | 2017-05-09 | 2024-06-19 | Sulzer Management Ag | Carcasa de voluta para bomba centrífuga y bomba centrífuga |
| CN112879341B (zh) * | 2021-01-22 | 2022-04-08 | 兰州理工大学 | 一种高抗空化进口后掠及分流偏置式螺旋离心式叶轮 |
| US11852162B2 (en) | 2021-12-17 | 2023-12-26 | Robert Bosch Llc | Centrifugal pump assembly |
Family Cites Families (23)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE319721C (de) * | 1920-03-15 | Ludwig Hartwagner | Fliehkraftluefter mit Schneckengehaeuse | |
| DE1071888B (de) * | 1959-12-24 | |||
| DE157924C (de) * | ||||
| FR352787A (fr) * | 1905-03-28 | 1905-08-21 | Turbine Pump Company | Pompe à turbine |
| FR361986A (fr) * | 1905-12-13 | 1907-01-23 | Sautter Harle & Cie Soc | Dispositif assurant la continuité du mouvement du fluide dans les pompes centrifuges multicellulaires |
| GB112292A (en) * | 1916-12-29 | 1917-12-31 | Alfred Ernest Lole | Improvements in or relating to Rotary Pumps and the like. |
| US2018092A (en) * | 1934-12-24 | 1935-10-22 | Charles H Rickert | Liquid pump |
| US2362514A (en) * | 1941-06-03 | 1944-11-14 | Gen Electric | Centrifugal compressor |
| US2405283A (en) * | 1941-08-19 | 1946-08-06 | Fed Reserve Bank | Elastic fluid mechanism |
| FR1091307A (fr) * | 1953-03-17 | 1955-04-12 | Ratier Aviat Marine | Machine à circulation de fluide |
| US3628881A (en) * | 1970-04-20 | 1971-12-21 | Gen Signal Corp | Low-noise impeller for centrifugal pump |
| SE376640B (de) * | 1973-05-14 | 1975-06-02 | Sonesson Pumpind Ab | |
| JPS5545760B2 (de) * | 1975-02-07 | 1980-11-19 | ||
| CH626954A5 (en) * | 1977-09-14 | 1981-12-15 | Sulzer Ag | Centrifugal pump |
| JPS59231199A (ja) * | 1983-06-11 | 1984-12-25 | Kobe Steel Ltd | 圧縮機用羽根付デイフユ−ザ |
| JPS61169696A (ja) * | 1985-01-24 | 1986-07-31 | Kobe Steel Ltd | 多翼送風機における風切音低減装置 |
| JPS6210495A (ja) * | 1985-07-08 | 1987-01-19 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 送風装置 |
| FI87009C (fi) * | 1990-02-21 | 1992-11-10 | Tampella Forest Oy | Skovelhjul foer centrifugalpumpar |
| DE9006171U1 (de) * | 1990-05-31 | 1991-10-10 | Siemens AG, 8000 München | Spiralgebläse |
| WO1993010358A1 (fr) * | 1991-11-15 | 1993-05-27 | Moskovskoe Obschestvo Soznaniya Krishny | Procede de formation d'un flux d'air dans le systeme de sortie d'un compresseur centrifuge et compresseur centrifuge |
| DE4309479A1 (de) * | 1993-03-24 | 1994-09-29 | Wilo Gmbh | Radialkreiselpumpe |
| DE4313617C2 (de) * | 1993-04-26 | 1996-04-25 | Kreis Truma Geraetebau | Radialgebläse |
| JP3482668B2 (ja) * | 1993-10-18 | 2003-12-22 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 遠心形流体機械 |
-
1995
- 1995-03-15 DE DE19509255A patent/DE19509255A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1995-03-15 WO PCT/EP1995/000963 patent/WO1995025895A1/de not_active Ceased
- 1995-03-15 EP EP95913122A patent/EP0752066B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-03-15 DE DE59507918T patent/DE59507918D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-03-15 JP JP7524361A patent/JPH09510527A/ja active Pending
- 1995-03-15 US US08/716,378 patent/US6017187A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0752066A1 (de) | 1997-01-08 |
| US6017187A (en) | 2000-01-25 |
| WO1995025895A1 (de) | 1995-09-28 |
| DE19509255A1 (de) | 1995-09-21 |
| DE59507918D1 (de) | 2000-04-06 |
| JPH09510527A (ja) | 1997-10-21 |
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