EP0742569B1 - Löschgasabgebender Werkstoff und Druckgasschalter mit einem solchen Werkstoff - Google Patents
Löschgasabgebender Werkstoff und Druckgasschalter mit einem solchen Werkstoff Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0742569B1 EP0742569B1 EP96810260A EP96810260A EP0742569B1 EP 0742569 B1 EP0742569 B1 EP 0742569B1 EP 96810260 A EP96810260 A EP 96810260A EP 96810260 A EP96810260 A EP 96810260A EP 0742569 B1 EP0742569 B1 EP 0742569B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- arc
- material according
- extinguishing gas
- matrix
- nozzle
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Revoked
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
- H01H33/76—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid wherein arc-extinguishing gas is evolved from stationary parts; Selection of material therefor
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
- H01H33/7015—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid characterised by flow directing elements associated with contacts
- H01H33/7076—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid characterised by flow directing elements associated with contacts characterised by the use of special materials
Definitions
- the invention is based on an electrical insulating and extinguishing gas when exposed to an arc emitting material based on an insulating material matrix and a filler embedded in the matrix. At the same time concerns the invention also a switching arc with quenching gas blowing gas switch, in which such a material in areas with high dielectric and thermal loads is used.
- Extinguishing gas blowing of the switching arc are made in dielectric and zones subject to high thermal loads, usually materials based on polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). These materials erode when exposed to the switching arc and give off gas, preferably based on Fluorine, which favors the extinguishing of the switching arc.
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- Fluorine Fluorine
- Components based on such materials are usually used by sintering compacts made of PTFE and, if necessary provided filler powder at temperatures typically between 340 and 350 ° C and subsequent cooling of the sintered body for a specially adapted program in which the Crystallinity of the PTFE and thus the dimensional stability and Dimensional accuracy of the components are maintained, manufactured.
- DE 27 08 030 Al describes an insulating nozzle for a pressure gas switch described, which is based on a material an electrically isolating and arcing Extinguishing gas-releasing plastic, such as PTFE, and an in there is the plastic embedded powder filler, such as graphite, carbon black, titanium dioxide, calcium fluoride or one Alumina, such as corundum in particular.
- a material an electrically isolating and arcing Extinguishing gas-releasing plastic such as PTFE
- plastic embedded powder filler such as graphite, carbon black, titanium dioxide, calcium fluoride or one Alumina, such as corundum in particular.
- the filler With this insulating material nozzle, the filler largely absorbs the spectrum emitted by the switching arc and the visible spectrum as well as large areas of the infrared and ultraviolet range comprehensive electromagnetic radiation. This will make a Radiation penetrates largely inside the insulating material nozzle prevented. Such a nozzle is therefore characterized a slight burn. At the same time, however, such a nozzle can even a relatively small percentage of arc quenching Develop gases and vapors.
- the material according to the invention has a non-linear Burning behavior on. Is the material from this material Arc emitted by radiation or hot gas formation Power relatively small, so the burn remains low and will accordingly, practically hardly any extinguishing gas from the cells released. On the other hand is the one emitted by the arc Power, such as when switching a heavy short-circuit current, the cells become large, starting from the arc exposed surface, layer by layer and is so ever depending on the arc strength and duration selectively additional quenching gas activated in disproportionate amount.
- This nonlinear combustion behavior is achieved by the cellular structure of the material with extinguishing agent Microcapsules created by an arc Erosion mechanism are destroyed and encapsulated Activate the material used to extinguish the fire. Because here the individual capsules are removed in layers from the outside occurs inside, the erosion mechanism comes when falling below the threshold value of the arc power to a halt.
- the erosion mechanisms listed under (a) and (b) require the arrangement of the extinguishing gas releasing material in the direct radiation field of the arc.
- the erosion mechanisms listed under (c) - (e) can also occur in extinguishing gas-emitting material, which outside the direct radiation field (field of view) of the Arc is arranged.
- extinguishing gas-emitting material which outside the direct radiation field (field of view) of the Arc is arranged.
- the material can then heat the lining of the outside of the field of view of the arc lying heating volume serve.
- On during a switching process by arc heating generated in the arc extinguishing zone and in the heating volume guided hot gas flow then sets in the heating volume by opening the cells release fresh extinguishing gas, causing a large amount of high quality quenching gas for arc quenching Available.
- Suitable material for filling the cells has arc-extinguishing properties or forms an arc-extinguishing gas when exposed to an arc.
- Preferred materials are liquid or gaseous fluorine compounds based on nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, carbon and / or sulfur with the highest possible density and the lowest possible carbon content. Perfluorinated liquids are particularly preferred because of their high fluorine content. It is advantageous if the liquid fluorine compounds have a boiling point greater than 100 ° C.
- explosives and explosives for example NH 4 NO 3 , which are phlegmatized in a suitable matrix insulating material, for example PTFE, can also be used.
- the filler can a powder is formed, the particles of which are embedded into the insulating material matrix mainly as microcapsules Particle sizes up to 1 mm are formed.
- the storage the microcapsule insulating material matrix is preferred by hardening a molding compound, in particular based on a Epoxy, a polyester, acrylic or polyurethane resin, educated. Instead of storing mostly microcapsules
- the material can also contain powder in the matrix formed by sintering or gluing the powder particles become.
- the cell walls of the typically 5 to 100 ⁇ m large microcapsules are predominantly of a polymer, a ceramic or Glass formed.
- Polymers are particularly suitable materials based on a melamine-formaldehyde resin, an acrylic resin or a polyurethane resin.
- Additional fillers for example graphite powder, can be added to the insulating material matrix in order to improve the density.
- the burning behavior of the material can be regulated by adding long-term stable dyes (lifespan> 20 years) in the insulating material matrix and / or in the filler. A proportion of 0.01 to 1 percent by weight MoS 2 in the material has proven itself as a dye.
- Extinguishing gas stabilizing the density of a switching arc heated extinguishing gas in the phase before and after the zero current crossing over a dielectric critical value and the partial compensation of the outflowing Extinguishing gas quantities. This will make it more or less the same Chamber dimensioning a higher breaking capacity reached.
- the material is at least partially serves to guide the extinguishing gas flow and in places of Extinguishing gas guide is arranged on which the material of the Radiation from the arc and the thermal effect of Arc gases is exposed.
- the material of the lining upstream and / or downstream the bottleneck of an isolating nozzle of the switch flow-carrying parts It is an additional advantage that Material also outside the actual extinguishing zone of the switch to arrange, and him as the lining of an upstream the nozzle constriction arranged volume for storing arc-heated quenching gas to be used.
- the quenching chamber shown in FIG. 1 is arranged in a housing of a medium-voltage circuit breaker for nominal voltages of typically 10 to 40 kV, which is not shown and is filled with an insulating and arc-quenching gas, such as SF 6 of, for example, 4 to 6 bar pressure.
- the arcing chamber contains two switching elements 3 and 4, each connected to a current source via a current connection 1 or 2.
- the switching element 3 is arranged in a fixed manner and is contacted by the switching element 4 which can be moved along an axis 5 in the switched-on state (not shown).
- the wall 6 of the quenching chamber encloses a toroidal heating volume 7, which is delimited on its inner surface by an essentially hollow cylindrical insulator 8 and downwards by an exposed end surface of an insulating nozzle 9.
- the exposed end faces of the insulator 8 and the insulating nozzle 9 delimit an annular channel 10.
- the insulating nozzle 9 has an axially aligned bore.
- the bore forms a tubular constriction 12 with a length L and a diameter D and widens downstream of the constriction 12 to a diffuser leading into an expansion space 13.
- the insulating nozzle 9, but at least one of the action of Switching arc exposed section 14 of the nozzle, and if necessary, also the insulator 8 - at least in the area its end face delimiting the channel 10 - and parts of one Lining 15 of the heating volume 7 are from an extinguishing gas dispenser Material formed with a cellular structure, at which the vast majority of cells with an arc extinguishing Material having properties is filled or contains a material that the arcing Arc extinguishing gas forms.
- the components (a) and (b) are mixed and mixed using suitable Spray drying process a dry containing microcapsules and free-flowing powder.
- the microcapsules point Grain sizes from 6 to 10 ⁇ m and each consist of an MF envelope which carries the perfluorinated liquid.
- the Quantities of the two starting components are like this determines that the microcapsules are approximately 80 to 90 weight percent Contain liquid and about 10 to 20 percent by weight MF.
- component (c) 100 parts by weight of component (c), 80 parts by weight of Component (d) and a 180 parts by weight of this powder extensive filler were mixed together.
- the resulting mixture was evacuated and placed in a vacuum Poured the mold in which it gelled and at about 80 ° C for 4 hours for about 16h at 140 ° C to the material or to a practical ready-to-use component, for example an insulating material nozzle, has been cured.
- Such an insulating nozzle 9 was manufactured in the Extinguishing chamber installed according to Fig. 1 and the pressure gas switch at Short-circuit currents of approx. 25 kA repeatedly switched off. Corresponding circuits were made with the same arcing chamber executed, but in the place of micro-encapsulated Material existing insulating nozzle 9 nozzles of the same geometric Dimensions made of PTFE and microencapsulation-free epoxy were used.
- the insulating material formed from components (c) and (d) is transparent, the radiation from the switching arc if necessary, several millimeters deep into the insulating material nozzle 9 penetrate.
- the component (s) when mixing the starting components the penetration depth of the arc radiation and thus also the Burning depth of the insulating nozzle 9 during a switching operation reduced by a few tenths of a millimeter.
- the pressure build-up in the heating volume 7 of the pressure gas switch is shown with an insulating material nozzle 9 consisting of the microencapsulated material (B) as a function of the number of shutdowns.
- insulating material nozzle 9 consisting of the microencapsulated material (B) as a function of the number of shutdowns.
- corresponding comparative data for a compressed gas switch with an insulating nozzle made of an epoxy (A) filled with Al 2 O 3 are shown according to the prior art.
- the switch with the insulating material nozzle 9, which is made of microencapsulated material, can be seen after several switch-offs by a significantly better pressure build-up.
Landscapes
- Circuit Breakers (AREA)
- Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
- Organic Insulating Materials (AREA)
Description
- Fig.1
- eine Löschkammer eines Druckgasschalters mit einer auswechselbaren Isolierdüse aus löschgasabgebendem Werkstoff nach der Erfindung, aus PTFE oder aus einem anderen Werkstoff nach dem Stand der Technik, deren Düseninneres über einen Heizkanal mit einem Heizvolumen zur Aufnahme von Löschgas verbunden ist,
- Fig.2
- ein Diagramm, in dem der Druckaufbau p [bar] im Heizvolumen des Druckgasschalters gemäss Fig.1 in Abhängigkeit von der Anzahl n an Abschaltungenn dargestellt ist, und
- Fig.3
- ein Diagramm, in dem der Abbrand der Isolierstoffdüse des Druckgasschalters gemäss Fig.1, gemessen als Durchmessererweiterung d[mm] ihrer im Anfangsstadium rohrförmig ausgebildeten Engstelle, in Abhängigkeit vom Abstand x [mm] des Messpunktes vom zum Heizkanal offenen Ende der Düse, dargestellt ist.
- 1, 2
- Stromanschlüsse
- 3, 4
- Schaltstücke
- 5
- Achse
- 6
- Löschkammerwand
- 7
- Heizvolumen
- 8
- Isolator
- 9
- Isolierstoffdüse
- 10
- Kanal
- 11
- Schaltlichtbogen
- 12
- Engstelle
- 13
- Expansionsraum
- 14
- Abschnitt
- 15
- Auskleidung
Claims (18)
- Elektrisch isolierender und bei der Einwirkung eines Lichtbogens Löschgas abgebender Werkstoff auf der Basis einer Isolierstoffmatrix und eines in die Matrix eingebetteten Füllstoffs, gekennzeichnet durch eine zellenförmige Struktur, bei der der überwiegende Teil der Zellen mit einem lichtbogenlöschende Eigenschaften aufweisenden Material gefüllt ist oder ein Material enthält, welches bei Lichtbogeneinwirkung das Lichtbogenlöschgas bildet.
- Werkstoff nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Zellwände von Membranen gebildet sind, welche bei der Einwirkung des Lichtbogens oberhalb eines Schwellwertes der Lichtbogeneinwirkung selektiv zerstörbar sind.
- Werkstoff nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Zellen ausgehend von einer lichtbogenaussetzbaren Oberfläche in unterschiedlichen Abständen zur Oberfläche angeordnet sind.
- Werkstoff nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Zellen schichtförmig angeordnet sind.
- Werkstoff nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Zellen schichtförmig ausgebildet sind.
- Werkstoff nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Füllstoff von einem Pulver gebildet ist, dessen Teilchen vor dem Einbetten in die Isolierstoffmatrix überwiegend als Mikrokapseln mit - Teilchengrössen bis zu 1 mm ausgebildet sind.
- Werkstoff nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mikrokapseln nach dem Einbetten in einer die Isolierstoffmatrix bildenden, gehärteten Formmasse, vorzugsweise auf der Basis eines Epoxid-, eines Polyester-, Acryl- oder Polyurethanharzes, gelagert sind.
- Werkstoff nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Werkstoff durch Sintern oder Verkleben eines Pulvers gebildet ist, dessen Teilchen vor dem Sintern oder Verkleben überwiegend als Mikrokapseln mit Teilchengrössen bis zu 1 mm ausgebildet sind.
- Werkstoff nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mikrokapseln eine Zellwand aus einem Polymer, einer Keramik oder Glas und eine Materialfüllung aus einer fluorierten, vorzugsweise perfluorierten, Flüssigkeit, insbesondere mit einem Siedepunkt grösser 100°C, enthalten.
- Werkstoff nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mikrokapseln Teilchengrössen von typischerweise 5 bis 100 µm aufweisen und vorzugsweise aus einem Melamin-Formaldehydharz, einem Acrylharz oder einem Polyurethanharz gebildete Kapselungswände aufweisen.
- Werkstoff nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als Füllstoff ein lichtbogenlöschgasbildender Spreng- oder Explosivstoff vorgesehen ist.
- Werkstoff nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Spreng- oder Explosivstoff in eine phlegmatisierend wirkende Isolierstoffmatrix, vorzugsweise auf der Basis eines Polytetrafluoräthylens, eingebettet ist.
- Werkstoff nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Isolierstoffmatrix Graphitpulver beigemengt ist.
- Werkstoff nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Isolierstoffmatrix und/oder der Füllstoff einen langzeitstabilen Farbstoff enthält.
- Werkstoff nach Anspruch 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Isolierstoffmatrix ca. 0,01 bis 1 Gewichtsprozent MoS2 enthält.
- Druckgasschalter mit dem Werkstoff nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 15, bei dem ein bei einem Schaltvorgang gebildeter Schaltlichtbogen (11) einer Löschgasströmung ausgesetzt ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Werkstoff zumindest teilweise der Führung der Löschgasströmung dient und an Stellen der Löschgasführung angeordnet ist, an denen der Werkstoff der Strahlung des Lichtbogens und der thermischen Wirkung von Lichtbogengasen ausgesetzt ist.
- Druckgasschalter nach Anspruch 16 mit einer Isolierstoffdüse (9), dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zumindest stromaufwärts der Düsenengstelle (12) gelegene strömungsführende Teile der Düse mit dem Werkstoff ausgekleidet sind.
- Druckgasschalter nach Anspruch 17 mit einem stromaufwärts der Düsenengstelle (12) angeordneten Heizvolumen (7) zum Speichern von lichtbogenaufgeheiztem Löschgas, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Heizvolumen (7) zumindest teilweise mit dem Werkstoff ausgekleidet ist.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19517540 | 1995-05-12 | ||
| DE19517540A DE19517540A1 (de) | 1995-05-12 | 1995-05-12 | Löschgasabgebender Werkstoff und Druckgasschalter mit einem solchen Werkstoff |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0742569A2 EP0742569A2 (de) | 1996-11-13 |
| EP0742569A3 EP0742569A3 (de) | 1998-03-25 |
| EP0742569B1 true EP0742569B1 (de) | 2002-06-12 |
Family
ID=7761804
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP96810260A Revoked EP0742569B1 (de) | 1995-05-12 | 1996-04-23 | Löschgasabgebender Werkstoff und Druckgasschalter mit einem solchen Werkstoff |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5828026A (de) |
| EP (1) | EP0742569B1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JPH08321235A (de) |
| KR (1) | KR960042799A (de) |
| CN (1) | CN1071482C (de) |
| CA (1) | CA2173190A1 (de) |
| DE (2) | DE19517540A1 (de) |
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| DE19816506B4 (de) * | 1998-04-14 | 2008-04-30 | Abb Research Ltd. | Leistungsschalter |
| DE19832709C5 (de) * | 1998-07-14 | 2006-05-11 | Siemens Ag | Hochspannungsleistungsschalter mit einer Unterbrechereinheit |
| FR2815765B1 (fr) * | 2000-10-23 | 2003-04-11 | Alstom | Buse isolante pour disjoncteur a soufflage d'arc |
| NL1020224C2 (nl) * | 2002-03-21 | 2003-09-23 | Holec Holland Nv | Boogbestendige kast voor schakelsysteem. |
| US20060006144A1 (en) * | 2004-07-09 | 2006-01-12 | S & C Electric Co. | Arc-extinguishing composition and articles manufactured therefrom |
| US20080237194A1 (en) * | 2004-07-09 | 2008-10-02 | S & C Electric Co. | Metal-hydrate containing arc-extinguishing compositions and methods |
| DE102005019424A1 (de) * | 2005-04-25 | 2006-11-02 | Abb Technology Ag | Lasttrennschalter |
| EP1970931A1 (de) * | 2007-03-15 | 2008-09-17 | ABB Research LTD | Hochspannungsleistungsschalter |
| JP5286569B2 (ja) * | 2009-03-27 | 2013-09-11 | 株式会社日立製作所 | パッファ型ガス遮断器 |
| JP5286537B2 (ja) * | 2009-09-28 | 2013-09-11 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 消弧用絶縁成型物、および、それを用いた回路遮断器 |
| FR2952223B1 (fr) * | 2009-11-03 | 2018-09-21 | Schneider Electric Energy France | Utilisation de materiaux composites specifiques en tant que materiaux d'extinction d'arc electrique dans des appareils electriques |
| JP5479164B2 (ja) | 2010-03-08 | 2014-04-23 | キヤノン株式会社 | 画像判定装置および画像判定方法 |
| EP2597663A1 (de) * | 2011-11-28 | 2013-05-29 | Eaton Industries (Netherlands) B.V. | Lichtbogenenergieabsorber |
| CN102820168B (zh) * | 2012-07-09 | 2015-10-28 | 平高集团有限公司 | 拉杆接头及具有该拉杆接头的高压断路器灭弧室传动拉杆 |
| EP2958124B1 (de) * | 2013-02-07 | 2017-11-01 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Form für ein lichtbogenlöschendes isoliermaterial und gasunterbrecherschalter damit |
| US9064659B2 (en) * | 2013-03-12 | 2015-06-23 | Sensata Technologies Massachusetts, Inc. | Circuit interruption device with constrictive arc extinguishing feature |
| FR3011976B1 (fr) * | 2013-10-10 | 2015-12-18 | Alstom Technology Ltd | Sectionneur a pouvoir d'etablissement et de coupure ameliores |
| US10283253B2 (en) | 2015-08-29 | 2019-05-07 | Abb Schweiz Ag | Transformer system and transformer termination support |
| CN106783417B (zh) | 2015-11-23 | 2020-08-11 | 森萨塔科技公司 | 断路器 |
| CN105759203A (zh) * | 2016-04-01 | 2016-07-13 | 平高集团有限公司 | 一种电弧试验装置 |
| US9991064B2 (en) | 2016-08-10 | 2018-06-05 | Abb Schweiz Ag | SF6 insulated circuit breaker system with thermal capacitor |
| JP7070855B2 (ja) * | 2018-06-04 | 2022-05-18 | 太平洋精工株式会社 | 電気回路遮断装置 |
| EP3821453B1 (de) * | 2018-09-07 | 2023-12-13 | General Electric Technology GmbH | Störlichtbogendüse aus einem material aus mikrokapseln einer flüssigkeit (cf) und schutzschalter mit einer solchen düse |
| CN113725547B (zh) * | 2021-09-07 | 2022-03-01 | 宿迁学院 | 一种电池用防火防爆装置 |
| EP4187567B1 (de) * | 2021-11-24 | 2024-06-12 | General Electric Technology GmbH | Elektrische lichtbogenstrahldüse mit verbesserter mechanischer festigkeit und leistungsschalter mit einer solchen düse |
| CN120767173B (zh) * | 2025-07-02 | 2026-01-23 | 东莞市竞沃电子科技有限公司 | 一种产气灭弧材料及其制备方法和应用 |
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| JPH0594743A (ja) * | 1991-09-30 | 1993-04-16 | Toshiba Corp | パツフア形ガス遮断器 |
| US5326947A (en) * | 1992-11-13 | 1994-07-05 | Edds Thomas A | Arc extinguishing device made of conductive plastic |
| DE9217024U1 (de) * | 1992-12-15 | 1993-02-04 | Fritz Driescher KG Spezialfabrik für Elektrizitätswerksbedarf GmbH & Co, 41844 Wegberg | Lasttrennschalter für Mittelspannungsanlagen |
| JPH06251666A (ja) * | 1993-02-22 | 1994-09-09 | Toshiba Corp | パッファ形ガス遮断器 |
| EP0634756B1 (de) * | 1993-07-16 | 1998-09-30 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Metalloxid-Widerstand, Leistungswiderstand und Leistungsschalter |
-
1995
- 1995-05-12 DE DE19517540A patent/DE19517540A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1996
- 1996-03-29 US US08/623,959 patent/US5828026A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-04-01 CA CA002173190A patent/CA2173190A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-04-23 DE DE59609316T patent/DE59609316D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-04-23 EP EP96810260A patent/EP0742569B1/de not_active Revoked
- 1996-05-10 KR KR1019960015499A patent/KR960042799A/ko not_active Ceased
- 1996-05-10 JP JP8116756A patent/JPH08321235A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 1996-05-10 CN CN96104488A patent/CN1071482C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0742569A2 (de) | 1996-11-13 |
| CN1071482C (zh) | 2001-09-19 |
| KR960042799A (ko) | 1996-12-21 |
| US5828026A (en) | 1998-10-27 |
| DE59609316D1 (de) | 2002-07-18 |
| CA2173190A1 (en) | 1996-11-13 |
| CN1137161A (zh) | 1996-12-04 |
| DE19517540A1 (de) | 1996-11-14 |
| JPH08321235A (ja) | 1996-12-03 |
| EP0742569A3 (de) | 1998-03-25 |
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