EP0737803B1 - Collecteur d'échappement, en particulier pour un moteur à combustion interne d'un véhicule à moteur, et procédé pour sa fabrication - Google Patents

Collecteur d'échappement, en particulier pour un moteur à combustion interne d'un véhicule à moteur, et procédé pour sa fabrication Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0737803B1
EP0737803B1 EP96101586A EP96101586A EP0737803B1 EP 0737803 B1 EP0737803 B1 EP 0737803B1 EP 96101586 A EP96101586 A EP 96101586A EP 96101586 A EP96101586 A EP 96101586A EP 0737803 B1 EP0737803 B1 EP 0737803B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pipe
compensator
exhaust manifold
portions
manifold according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP96101586A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0737803A1 (fr
Inventor
Henning Dipl.-Ing. Blöcker
Pierre Dipl.-Ing. Bonny
Thomas Dipl.-Ing. Hülsberg
Ralf Dipl.-Ing. Pünjer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mercedes Benz Group AG
Original Assignee
DaimlerChrysler AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by DaimlerChrysler AG filed Critical DaimlerChrysler AG
Publication of EP0737803A1 publication Critical patent/EP0737803A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/18—Construction facilitating manufacture, assembly, or disassembly
    • F01N13/1805—Fixing exhaust manifolds, exhaust pipes or pipe sections to each other, to engine or to vehicle body
    • F01N13/1811—Fixing exhaust manifolds, exhaust pipes or pipe sections to each other, to engine or to vehicle body with means permitting relative movement, e.g. compensation of thermal expansion or vibration
    • F01N13/1816—Fixing exhaust manifolds, exhaust pipes or pipe sections to each other, to engine or to vehicle body with means permitting relative movement, e.g. compensation of thermal expansion or vibration the pipe sections being joined together by flexible tubular elements only, e.g. using bellows or strip-wound pipes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/08—Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits
    • F01N13/10—Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits of exhaust manifolds
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/18—Construction facilitating manufacture, assembly, or disassembly
    • F01N13/1883—Construction facilitating manufacture, assembly, or disassembly manufactured by hydroforming

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an exhaust manifold according to the preamble of claims 1 and 3, in particular for an internal combustion engine in a motor vehicle, and a method for producing such a manifold.
  • EP 0 171 624 A1 describes such an exhaust manifold for Automotive engines, with several to the exhaust ports of the cylinder head leading connecting piece, in which the Exhaust gas flows through a heat-insulating line.
  • the Section is at least in the axial direction directly or indirectly flexibly trained by a Corrugated tube, which is adjacent to the outside of two horizontal pipe ends of the exhaust pipe on both sides of it Gas-tight joint, for example by brazing may be appropriate.
  • Such exhaust manifolds are manufactured by Internal high-pressure forming, the tube in a corresponding Molding tool is added, which the location and Size of the expansion waves determined. Because with the well-known pipe an axial feeding of the material during the internal high pressure forming is insufficient, occurs in Extensive weakening of the material in the area of the expansion shafts on. In addition, in the area of the waves through the in short intervals following changes in cross-section eddies of the exhaust gas flow leading to flow losses and lead to increased noise emissions.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of an exhaust manifold the specified in the preamble of claims 1 and 3 To create genus that is easy to manufacture and where the noise emissions are reduced, the flow losses reduces and the life of the exhaust manifold is increased. It is also the object of the invention a method for producing an exhaust manifold specify.
  • the pipe section on which the compensator is formed from a multi-walled Material with at least two layers of material there is the pipe section on which the compensator is formed from a multi-walled Material with at least two layers of material.
  • the other Pipe section can be single-walled or multi-layered Material.
  • both pipe sections made of a multi-walled material exist, the material layers of the pipe sections from separate inner tubes and a common one Outer tube are formed.
  • the inner tubes are attached to the adjacent ends of the pipe sections are designed as sockets, which each form part of the gas pipe, and the outer tube extends at least partially over both Pipe sections.
  • the outer tube is designed as a compensator.
  • the nozzle that forms the gas pipe can vary be shaped, in particular a cylindrical shape or a cone with a small angle are.
  • a preferred embodiment is that the nozzle on a pipe section and the compensator is formed on the adjacent pipe section, the free end of the compensator sealing the other pipe section encloses. Because of this configuration, it is possible the material of the Track pipe section in the axial direction, so that no significant weakening of the material during formation the expansion waves occur. Because the free end of the compensator rests on the outer wall of the adjacent pipe section, can be a gas-tight connection in a simple way be generated by means of a weld seam.
  • the free end the compensator is preferably by a cylindrical connecting portion formed, the Inner diameter the outer diameter of the neighboring Pipe section corresponds.
  • the gas guide tube expediently extends at least over the axial length of the compensator, which front end of the gas pipe in the neighboring Pipe section protrudes. This ensures that as a result of axial expansion of the compensator
  • the gas guide pipe always changes in temperature up to the cylindrical one Area of the subsequent pipe section enough.
  • the pipe sections and in particular the one on which the compensator is formed preferably consists of a tube designed by internal high pressure forming.
  • the compensators preferably comprise two expansion shafts, the axial Distance between the two outer crests approximately 1 to 2 times, preferably that 1.5 times to 1.7 times the radial difference between outer and inner wave crest. In this way become tight radii to form the expansion waves and thereby Conditional material expansion avoided.
  • different shape and number of expansion shafts can be provided.
  • an exhaust manifold 1 is shown, the four Connection pieces 2, 3, 4 and 5 with associated flanges 12, 13, 14, and 15 and the connecting pieces connecting pipe sections 7, 8 and 9 includes and for mounting on the cylinder head an internal combustion engine in a motor vehicle.
  • An exhaust pipe is on the output side of the exhaust manifold 1 6 connected, which is connected to the pipe section 9 is.
  • the pipe section 9 has two necklines 16 and 17 to which the connecting pieces 4 and 5 are welded are.
  • the first connection piece 2 is integral with the executed first pipe section 7 and the middle pipe section 8 has a neck 18 on which the connecting piece 3 is welded.
  • a first compensator 10 and between the pipe sections 8 and 9, a second compensator 11 provided between the pipe sections 7 and 8 a first compensator 10 and between the pipe sections 8 and 9, a second compensator 11 provided.
  • These compensators 10, 11 comprise two Expansion shafts 20, 21 and are in one piece on one of the pipe sections 8 or 9 molded.
  • the adjacent pipe section 7 and 8 has a nozzle 19 which is in the compensator 10 or 11 of the other pipe section 8 or 9 protrudes and approximately to the distal axial end of the compensator 10 or 11 is sufficient and in this way a gas pipe 22 forms.
  • Fig. 2a in 2b are a pipe section 25 with a neck 27 and a pipe section 26 with a neck 28 shown, the pipe section 25 on its the Pipe section 26 facing side has a nozzle 29, which as an extension of the pipe section 25 with the same Diameter can be seen.
  • the pipe section 25 is made in the example shown from a single-walled tube, a multi-walled tube can also be provided, as shown in the example of FIG. 2b.
  • the pipe section 26 shown in Fig. 2b consists of two wall layers, the radially outer layer of material designated 23 and the radially inner material layer designated 24 is. There are different ones for the material layers Suitable material combinations, for example, the inner Austenitic steel and heat resistant layer the outer layer consist of a ferritic steel.
  • a compensator 30, which consists of two Expansion shafts 31 and 32 are formed and at its front End has a cylindrical connecting portion 33, whose inside diameter is the outside diameter of the nozzle 29 is adjusted. Otherwise, the diameter of the Pipe section 26 larger than that of the connecting section 33.
  • the embodiment of an exhaust manifold shown in FIG. 3 40 comprises two pipe sections 41 and 42 made of two layers Material, the pipe sections from an inner pipe 43 and 44 and one extending over the entire length Outer tube 45 exist.
  • the inner tubes 43, 44 are on their opposite ends as conical sockets 46, 47 formed, the end faces 46 ', 47' a small Distance from each other.
  • the length of both connecting pieces 46, 47 is the outer tube 45 as a compensator 48 formed, which comprises two expansion shafts 49, 49 '.
  • the inner tubes 43, 44 preferably have a larger one Wall thickness than the outer tube.
  • the expansion shafts 49, 49 ' of the compensator are preferably designed so that the axial Distance A between the crests 50 and 50 'about that 1.5 times to 1.7 times the radial difference D between the outer shaft tip 50 and an inner shaft tip 51 is. In this way, small bending radii and the large material tensions caused thereby avoided.
  • the exhaust manifold 40 shown in Fig. 3 is on both Pipe sections 41 and 42 provided with neckings 28 which correspond to the corresponding necking in Fig. 2c.
  • neckings 28 which correspond to the corresponding necking in Fig. 2c.
  • the Gap between the two end faces 46 'and 47' of the nozzle 46 and 47 is based on the longitudinal axis of the Exhaust manifold 40, in the same plane as the inner one Shaft top 51 of the compensator 48, so that the inner shaft top 51 serves as a radial cover of the gap.
  • the both nozzles 46 and 47 together form a gas pipe 52.
  • Fig. 4a shows the outer tube 45, in the side of the inner tubes 43 and 44 with their conical sockets 46 and 47 be introduced.
  • the inner tubes 43 and 44 are through Applying force in the direction of arrows 59 into the outer tube 45 pressed.
  • the length of the inner tubes is 43 and 44 dimensioned so that when the respective outer ends of the inner tubes 43 and 44 with the outer tube 45 in the middle a distance between the end faces 46 'and 47' of the stub 46 and 47 remains as shown in Fig. 4b is shown.
  • the upper part 38 and a Lower part 39 includes.
  • the upper part 38 has in the middle two sections of the circumferential direction of the mold Ring grooves 54, 55 on and to the side of it are recesses 56, 57 provided the contour of the neckings exhibit.
  • the lower part 39 is also with sections the annular grooves 54, 55 provided so that when closed Mold 37 complete ring grooves 54, 55 formed are.
  • the deformation of the outer tube 45 and the axial tracking the pipe sections 41 and 42 take place until the shape the ring grooves 54 and 55 exactly reproduced in the mold 37 is. Also done by applying internal pressure the formation of the neckings 28 shown in FIG. 3, the material of the tube wall sections 41 and 42 in the Recesses 56 and 57 is pressed. The internal pressure is then completely dismantled and then the mandrels can 53 and 58 extended and the parts 38 and 39 of the mold 37 can be opened.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Exhaust Silencers (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Collecteur d'échappement (35), notamment destiné à un moteur à combustion interne dans un véhicule automobile, comprenant au moins deux embouts de raccordement, qui sont reliés mutuellement par l'intermédiaire de tronçons de tube (25, 26), et un compensateur (30) entre deux tronçons de tube (25, 26) dirigés l'un vers l'autre, qui sert à compenser la variation de longueur due aux changements de température, un tube de guidage des gaz (36) étant disposé à l'intérieur du compensateur (30) en étant formé par des embouts prolongés (29) de l'un au moins des tronçons de tube (25),
    caractérisé en ce que l'un au moins des tronçons de tube (26) est réalisé en un matériau à paroi multiple comprenant au moins deux couches de matériau (23, 24), et en ce que le compensateur (30) est formé sur un tronçon de tube (26), qui est réalisé dans le matériau à paroi multiple (23, 24).
  2. Collecteur d'échappement selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'autre tronçon de tube (25) est réalisé en un matériau à paroi simple.
  3. Collecteur d'échappement (40), notamment destiné à un moteur à combustion interne dans un véhicule automobile, comprenant au moins deux embouts de raccordement, qui sont reliés mutuellement par l'intermédiaire de tronçons de tube (41, 42), et un compensateur (48) entre deux tronçons de tube (41, 42) dirigés l'un vers l'autre, qui sert à compenser la variation de longueur due aux changements de température, un tube de guidage des gaz (52) étant disposé à l'intérieur du compensateur (48) en étant formé par des embouts prolongés (46, 47) de l'un au moins des tronçons de tube (41, 42),
    caractérisé en ce que les deux tronçons de tube (41, 42) sont réalisés en un matériau à paroi multiple, les couches de matériau des tronçons de tube (41, 42) étant formées par des tubes intérieurs séparés (42, 43) et un tube extérieur commun (45), et les tubes intérieurs (43, 44) sont réalisés aux extrémités voisines des tronçons de tube (41, 42) sous forme d'embouts (46, 47) qui forment chacun une partie du tube de guidage des gaz (52), et le tube extérieur (45) s'étend au moins partiellement par-dessus les deux tronçons de tube (41, 42) et est réalisé sous forme de compensateur (48) le long de l'étendue axiale des embouts (46, 47).
  4. Collecteur d'échappement selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que les faces frontales (46', 47') des embouts (46, 47) des deux tronçons de tube (41, 42) sont disposées à faible distance l'une de l'autre.
  5. Collecteur d'échappement selon l'une des revendications 2 à 4, caractérisé en ce que la couche de matériau (23, 45) radialement extérieure est réalisée en un acier ferritique et la couche de matériau (24, 43) radialement intérieure est réalisée en un acier austénitique.
  6. Collecteur d'échappement selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins le tronçon de tube (26, 41, 42) sur lequel est réalisé le compensateur (30, 48), est constitué par un tube mis en forme selon un procédé de formage par haute pression intérieure.
  7. Collecteur d'échappement selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le compensateur (30, 48) comprend deux ondes de dilatation (31, 32; 49, 49'), la distance axiale (A) entre les deux sommets d'onde extérieurs (50, 50') étant environ égale à 1 à 2 fois, de préférence 1,5 à 1,7 fois la différence radiale (D) entre le sommet d'onde extérieur et le sommet d'onde intérieur (50 et 51).
  8. Collecteur d'échappement selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'embout ou les embouts (29, 46, 47) formant le tube de guidage des gaz (36, 52), présente/présentent une forme cylindrique ou ovale.
  9. Collecteur d'échappement selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que l'embout ou les embouts (29, 46, 47) formant le tube de guidage des gaz (36, 52), est/sont de forme conique.
  10. Collecteur d'échappement selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que l'embout (29) est réalisé sur un tronçon de tube (25) et le compensateur (30) sur le tronçon de tube (26) voisin, l'extrémité libre du compensateur (30) entourant de manière étanche l'autre tronçon de tube (25).
  11. Collecteur d'échappement selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que l'extrémité libre du compensateur (30) est formé par un troncon de liaison (33) cylindrique, dont le diamètre intérieur correspond au diamètre extérieur du troncon de tube (25) voisin.
  12. Collecteur d'échappement selon la revendication 10 ou 11, caractérisé en ce que le tube de guidage des gaz (36) s'étend au moins sur la longueur du compensateur (30) et l'extrémité avant du tube de guidage des gaz (36) s'engage dans le tronçon de tube (26) voisin.
  13. Procédé de fabrication d'un collecteur d'échappement (40) comprenant un compensateur (48) qui relie deux tronçons de tube (41, 42), les tronçons de tube (41, 42) étant réalisés en un matériau à paroi multiple,
    caractérisé en ce que dans un tube extérieur (45) on introduit de chaque côté, un tube intérieur (43, 44) jusqu'à à ce qu'il reste une distance prescrite entre les faces frontales (46', 47') des tubes intérieurs (43, 44), les tubes intérieurs (43, 44) s'appuyant par un serrage radial contre la paroi intérieure du tube extérieur (45) et formant un tube composite, que l'on dépose dans un outil de formage (37) et que l'on ferme de manière étanche aux extrémités latérales, l'outil de formage (37) présentant, dans la zone de la distance entre les tubes intérieurs (43, 44), le contour du compensateur (48) à former, et en ce qu'en alimentant par une pression intérieure le tube composite et en appliquant simultanément des forces axiales opposées aux extrémités du tube composite, le tube extérieur (45) est repoussé contre la paroi de l'outil de formage (37) en reproduisant le contour de celui-ci.
  14. Procédé selon la revendication 13,
    caractérisé en ce que les tubes intérieurs (43, 44) sont introduits à force ou emmanchés par frettage dans le tube extérieur (45).
  15. Procédé selon la revendication 13 ou 14,
    caractérisé en ce que suite à l'alimentation en pression intérieure des tronçons de tube (41, 42) dans des évidements (56, 57) imposés par l'outil de formage (37), il se produit une déformation du tube intérieur (43, 44) et du tube extérieur (45), en formant de cette manière, simultanément, des collerettes de goulot (28).
EP96101586A 1995-04-13 1996-02-05 Collecteur d'échappement, en particulier pour un moteur à combustion interne d'un véhicule à moteur, et procédé pour sa fabrication Expired - Lifetime EP0737803B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19514020A DE19514020A1 (de) 1995-04-13 1995-04-13 Abgassammelrohr, insbesondere für eine Brennkraftmaschine in einem Kraftfahrzeug, und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung
DE19514020 1995-04-13

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0737803A1 EP0737803A1 (fr) 1996-10-16
EP0737803B1 true EP0737803B1 (fr) 1999-11-03

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EP96101586A Expired - Lifetime EP0737803B1 (fr) 1995-04-13 1996-02-05 Collecteur d'échappement, en particulier pour un moteur à combustion interne d'un véhicule à moteur, et procédé pour sa fabrication

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US5689954A (fr)
EP (1) EP0737803B1 (fr)
DE (2) DE19514020A1 (fr)

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DE3427364A1 (de) * 1984-07-25 1986-02-06 Witzenmann GmbH, Metallschlauch-Fabrik Pforzheim, 7530 Pforzheim Gelenkartige verbindungen fuer abgasleitungen
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DE3427998A1 (de) * 1984-07-28 1986-01-30 Witzenmann GmbH, Metallschlauch-Fabrik Pforzheim, 7530 Pforzheim Abgasleitung fuer kraftfahrzeugmotoren
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US4793384A (en) * 1986-02-11 1988-12-27 Titeflex Corporation Self-damping convoluted conduit
US4867269A (en) * 1987-06-30 1989-09-19 Titeflex Corporation Tuned self-damping convoluted conduit
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US5331810A (en) * 1992-05-21 1994-07-26 Arvin Industries, Inc. Low thermal capacitance exhaust system for an internal combustion engine

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DE59603526D1 (de) 1999-12-09
DE19514020A1 (de) 1996-10-17
EP0737803A1 (fr) 1996-10-16
US5689954A (en) 1997-11-25

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