EP0732879B1 - Verfahren zur bekämpfung von schädlingen in schüttgut - Google Patents
Verfahren zur bekämpfung von schädlingen in schüttgut Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0732879B1 EP0732879B1 EP95906949A EP95906949A EP0732879B1 EP 0732879 B1 EP0732879 B1 EP 0732879B1 EP 95906949 A EP95906949 A EP 95906949A EP 95906949 A EP95906949 A EP 95906949A EP 0732879 B1 EP0732879 B1 EP 0732879B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- bulk material
- dry ice
- pesticide
- phosphane
- phosphide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Revoked
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B9/00—Preservation of edible seeds, e.g. cereals
- A23B9/16—Preserving with chemicals
- A23B9/18—Preserving with chemicals in the form of gases, e.g. fumigation; Compositions or apparatus therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B7/00—Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
- A23B7/14—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10
- A23B7/144—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10 in the form of gases, e.g. fumigation; Compositions or apparatus therefor
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for controlling pests in bulk material, wherein a qas or vaporous control agent different from CO 2 is allowed to penetrate into the material using the force of gravity.
- FR-A-2311988 describes a method for treating cereals with liquid CO 2 and methyl bromide.
- the liquid CO 2 is applied to the grain by a device with certain geometrical dimensions and, together with the pesticide methyl bromide, penetrates the grain.
- the use of a pesticide other than methyl bromide is not considered.
- Another process uses gaseous material for disinfestation Phosphine passed through bulk material.
- the phosphine is described with the aid of circulating agents passed through the bulk material so that a possible there is even distribution of the disinfestant.
- EP-A-0 247 555 provides a Disinfestation fluid, which includes carbon dioxide and phosphine, known.
- the disinfestation gas is under relatively high technical Prepared effort and is intended for gaseous use.
- the object of the present invention is an improved Pesticide procedures to specify. This task is solved by the method of the present invention.
- the method of pests in bulk material according to the invention while allowing a different CO 2 gaseous or vaporous Shudlingsbekampfungsffensstoff penetrate into the bulk material provides that one can penetrate under the force of gravity into the bulk material additionally CO 2, wherein additionally CO 2 in Place dry ice in perforated containers on the bulk material and allow the gas stream, comprising the pesticide and CO 2 , to penetrate the bulk material using gravity from top to bottom.
- dry ice snow or dry ice moldings such as pellets, cubes or slices can be introduced into surface areas or on the surface of the bulk material.
- the dry ice is most advantageously used in the form of disks, the weight of which is optimally in the range from 2 to 2.5 kg. It is particularly favorable to place the dry ice or the dry ice slices in containers (advantageously Styrofoam R containers) on the bulk material, the containers being permeable to CO 2 , e.g. B. are perforated.
- Containers with a base area of, for example, 10 x 16 cm and a height of 16 cm are very suitable for dry ice slices weighing 2 to 2.5 kg; they should have a tight lid.
- the carbon dioxide particles can also be distributed over the surface.
- the amount of carbon dioxide can vary within a wide range, but the amount should not be so large that the bulk material, especially when it comes to grain or other cereals, cools down undesirably. It is preferred to use 125 to 500 g, in particular 150 to 250 g, of dry ice per ton of bulk material to be treated.
- any gaseous or vaporous pesticides can be used in accordance with the process according to the invention, in particular those which are allowed to penetrate into the bulk material using gravity.
- the preferred pesticide agent is phosphine (PH 3 ) or precursors which provide phosphine, such as metal phosphides, which liberate phosphine under hydrolysis.
- Preferred precursors are aluminum phosphide, zinc phosphide and calcium phosphide, in particular aluminum phosphide.
- the amount of pesticide can be reduced to 90 to 30% by weight, even to an even lower value, that amount which is used without the addition of CO 2 .
- aluminum phosphide is preferably used as a pesticide in an amount such that 2 to 8 g, preferably 3 to 5 g of PH 3 are released per ton of bulk material to be treated.
- the process according to the invention is expediently carried out at a temperature of 4 to 25 ° C. in the bulk material. However, it can also be carried out at higher or lower temperatures, for example between 0 ° and 40 ° C. It can be carried out at a pressure which is reduced or increased in relation to the ambient pressure. It is preferably carried out at ambient pressure, ie at about 1 bar (abs.). The time required is much less than has been the case with corresponding control methods. It was thus found that when aluminum phosphide is used as a precursor to the pesticide phosphane, it is present in the bulk material in a concentration of 25 ppm after 20 hours at a depth of 20 meters; without additional use of CO 2 , this takes at least 48 hours.
- the method is suitable for the treatment of any Bulk goods whose disinfestation is desirable.
- the method is suitable for use on grain products or their processed products, for example cereals and cereal products.
- the method according to the invention has considerable advantages compared to known methods.
- the amount of pesticides to be used is significantly reduced are: fumigation with phosphine requires 17 to 28 g of phosphine per ton of grain to be treated.
- This amount can in the invention Process can be reduced to 2 to 8 g of phosphine.
- the consumption of carbon dioxide is comparatively low.
- the process is also characterized by rapid penetration of the bulk material, whereby also a penetration is also possible in deep areas. So overall, the environmental impact greatly reduced.
- Another object of the present invention is a combination preparation for pesticides, comprising phosphine or a precursor thereof, and CO 2 in the form of dry ice.
- the combination preparation for the pest control agent preferably comprises, on the one hand, phosphine or a metal phosphide which releases phosphine under hydrolysis, and CO 2 in the form of dry ice.
- the CO 2 can be in the form of dry ice snow, pellets or preferably dry ice disks.
- a particularly preferred combination preparation comprises aluminum phosphide and CO 2 in the form of dry ice disks.
- kits for performing the method according to the invention comprises phosphine or a precursor thereof and CO 2 in the form of dry ice for simultaneous use in separate containers.
- a preferred kit comprises aluminum phosphide and CO 2 in the form of dry ice, in particular dry ice snow, dry ice pallets or especially dry ice disks.
- the components of the kit are preferably in perforated containers, the container provided for the dry ice expediently being an insulating vessel, such as a perforated polystyrene container.
- the process according to the invention can be carried out in closed containers or in storage rooms such as silos.
- An advantage of the method is that it can also be carried out outdoors. It is necessary to cover the bulk material after applying the pesticide and the dry ice with multilayer, PH 3- impermeable film.
- Pest control was carried out in a grain silo 28 m high and 8 m in diameter. 7,400 t of rye (height of the bulk goods 20 m) were stored in the silo. The temperature of the bulk material was about 24 ° C. The bulk material was very heavily infested with pests (especially grain beetles, ground beetles and vinegar flies). Aluminum phosphide (Depia, Freiburg, active ingredient content 57%) was used as the pesticide. The pesticide application rate was 37 kg (5 g / t) of PH 3 (AL). The dry ice application rate was 1,200 kg (0.160 kg / t). The dry ice was laid out in slices of 2.5 kg on styrofoam boards on the grain.
- the bulk material was then covered by a multilayer, PH 3- impermeable film.
- the target value for the PH 3 concentration should be 200 ppm for 4 days.
- the actual PH 3 value was measured at a depth of 20 m in the bulk material using a Dräger measuring tube (PH 3 25 / a). The actual value at a depth of 20 m was 25 ppm after 12 hours, 200 ppm after 25 hours and 400 ppm after 50 hours. After 72 hours, the bulk material was completely devested.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
Description
Claims (10)
- Verfahren zur Bekämpfung von Schädlingen in Schüttugt, wobei man als Schädlingsbekämpfungsmittel Phosphan (PH3) oder einen phosphanliefernden Vorläufer einsetzt und das Schädlingsbekämpfungsmittel gas- oder dampfförmig in das Schüttgut eindringen läßt,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß man zusätzlich CO2 in Form von Trockeneis in gelochten Behältern auf das Schüttgut auflegt und den Gasstrom, umfassend das Schädlingsbekämpfungsmittel und CO2, unter Ausnutzung der Schwerkraft von oben nach unten in das Schüttgut eindringen läßt. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß man die Menge an Schädlingsbekämpfungsmittel auf 90 bis 30 Gew.-% derjenigen Menge reduziert, die ohne Zusatz von CO2 eingesetzt wird. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß man Zinkphosphid, Aluminiumphosphid oder Kalziumphosphid, vorzugsweise Aluminiumphosphid einsetzt. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 3,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß man Aluminiumphosphid als Schädlingsbekämpfungsmittel einsetzt und zwar in einer solchen Menge, daß 2 bis 8 g, vorzugsweise 3 bis 5 g Phosphan pro Tonne Schüttgut freigesetzt werden. - Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß man pro Tonne zu behandelndem Schüttgut 125 bis 500 g Trockeneis einsetzt. - Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß es sich beim Schüttgut um Körnerfrüchte, vorzugsweise Getreide handelt. - Kombinationspräparat zur Schädlingsbekämpfung zur Verwendung in einem Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, umfassend Phosphan oder einen Vorläufer davon und CO2 in Form von Trockeneis.
- Kombinationspräparat nach Anspruch 7, umfassend Phosphan oder ein unter Hydrolyse Phosphan freisetzendes Metallphosphid und CO2 in Form von Trockeneis.
- Kit zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, umfassend Phosphan oder einen Vorläufer davon und CO2 in Form von Trockenes zur simultanen Anwendung in voneinander getrennten Behältern.
- Kit nach Anspruch 9, umfassend Aluminiumphosphid und CO2 in Form von Trockeneis zur simultanen Anwendung in von einander getrennten Behältern.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4402064A DE4402064A1 (de) | 1994-01-25 | 1994-01-25 | Verfahren zur Bekämpfung von Schädlingen in Schüttgut |
DE4402064 | 1994-01-25 | ||
PCT/EP1995/000143 WO1995019712A1 (de) | 1994-01-25 | 1995-01-14 | Verfahren zur bekämpfung von schädlingen in schüttgut |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0732879A1 EP0732879A1 (de) | 1996-09-25 |
EP0732879B1 true EP0732879B1 (de) | 1999-06-16 |
Family
ID=6508620
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP95906949A Revoked EP0732879B1 (de) | 1994-01-25 | 1995-01-14 | Verfahren zur bekämpfung von schädlingen in schüttgut |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0732879B1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE4402064A1 (de) |
NO (1) | NO962815L (de) |
WO (1) | WO1995019712A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6047497A (en) * | 1997-03-18 | 2000-04-11 | The Boc Group, Inc. | Gas fumigation method and system |
DE19908318A1 (de) * | 1999-02-26 | 2000-08-31 | Michael Hoffmann | Hämokompatible Oberflächen und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
IL47341A (en) * | 1975-05-22 | 1977-10-31 | Dead Sea Bromine Co Ltd | Apparatus and method for dispensing of liquid co2 |
YU45563B (sh) * | 1982-07-26 | 1992-07-20 | Dr. Werner Freyberg Chemische Fabrik Delitia Nachf | Postupak za tretiranje gasom fosfinom rastresitog materijala |
GB2177004B (en) * | 1985-06-27 | 1989-07-12 | Boc Group Plc | Fumigation |
DE3618297A1 (de) * | 1986-05-30 | 1987-12-03 | Deutsche Ges Schaedlingsbek | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung eines entwesungsfluids |
JP2684215B2 (ja) * | 1989-05-02 | 1997-12-03 | 日本真空技術株式会社 | 農産物輸送用容器 |
-
1994
- 1994-01-25 DE DE4402064A patent/DE4402064A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1995
- 1995-01-14 EP EP95906949A patent/EP0732879B1/de not_active Revoked
- 1995-01-14 DE DE59506239T patent/DE59506239D1/de not_active Revoked
- 1995-01-14 WO PCT/EP1995/000143 patent/WO1995019712A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
-
1996
- 1996-07-03 NO NO962815A patent/NO962815L/no unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE4402064A1 (de) | 1995-07-27 |
DE59506239D1 (de) | 1999-07-22 |
EP0732879A1 (de) | 1996-09-25 |
WO1995019712A1 (de) | 1995-07-27 |
NO962815D0 (no) | 1996-07-03 |
NO962815L (no) | 1996-07-03 |
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