EP0721995B1 - Verwendung einer Eisenbasislegierung für Kunststofformen - Google Patents
Verwendung einer Eisenbasislegierung für Kunststofformen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0721995B1 EP0721995B1 EP96890005A EP96890005A EP0721995B1 EP 0721995 B1 EP0721995 B1 EP 0721995B1 EP 96890005 A EP96890005 A EP 96890005A EP 96890005 A EP96890005 A EP 96890005A EP 0721995 B1 EP0721995 B1 EP 0721995B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- iron
- based alloy
- carbon
- hrc
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 38
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 22
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims description 22
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 title claims description 22
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 title claims description 22
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 19
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 14
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 4
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000669 Chrome steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000012778 molding material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002065 alloy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPBUGPUPKAGMDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanylidynemolybdenum Chemical compound [Mo]#N GPBUGPUPKAGMDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005352 clarification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000029142 excretion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002557 mineral fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003682 vanadium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
Definitions
- the invention relates to the use of a chromium-containing, martensitic Iron-based alloy for plastic molds.
- Iron-based alloys with a chromium content of over 12% are used.
- temperable Cr steels come with approx. 13.0% Cr and approx. 0.2 or approx. 0.4% by weight C, for example according to DIN Material numbers 1.2082 and 1.2083, for use.
- This, essentially Iron and base alloys containing carbon and chromium are for less stressed forms can be used economically, but have the disadvantage that that for highly corrosive molding compounds and plastics with wearing additives insufficient tool life can be achieved.
- a stainless martensitic steel with nitrogen and reduced carbon contents is known from EP-0638 658 A1, this material from 14 to 17% by weight Chromium and from 0.10 to 0.70 wt .-% vanadium.
- Another heat resistant corrosion-resistant chrome steel with nitrogen concentrations of 0.20 to 1 wt .-% and a ratio of carbon: nitrogen from 0.4 to 0.8 is disclosed in DE 42 12 966 A1, which alloy contains 0.2 to 1.0% by weight vanadium and the elements tungsten and has nickel.
- the object of the invention was to avoid the above disadvantages and to use a chromium-containing martensitic iron-based alloy for thermally tempered plastic molds with High corrosion resistance and improved usage properties to propose which shapes economically small changes in size can be produced.
- the iron base alloy is nitrogen contains which element is a strong austenite former on the one hand and on the other hand formation of intermetallic hard phases with nitride-forming elements causes.
- concentrations of all essential alloying elements are included synergistically on each other, taking into account the effect of nitrogen the solidification, on the excretions, on the conversion kinetics in one Heat treatment and on the corrosion and cracking behavior of the Iron-based alloy matched so that when used according to the invention of the material for the production of thermally tempered plastic molds have significantly improved performance characteristics.
- a minimum content of 0.5% by weight of molybdenum is important to support the corrosion resistance or the stabilization of the surface passive layer, but contents higher than 3.0% by weight can have a ferrite-stabilizing effect, making it difficult to harden the alloy .
- Vanadium has a very high affinity for both carbon and nitrogen.
- the fine dispersed monocarbides (VC) or the mononitrides (VN) and the Mixed carbides are advantageously effective in the range from 0.04 to 0.4% by weight of vanadium regarding the material properties of the material in the tempered state, whereby particularly good hardness values and high in the range between 0.05 and 0.2% by weight V Tempering resistance with good dimensional stability of the shape were achieved presumably on the germination effect of the small homogeneously distributed Vanadium compounds is attributable. Levels from 0.1 are excluded % By weight vanadium.
- the total effect of carbon and nitrogen in the iron-based alloy is essential in the selected concentration ranges of the alloy metals.
- With a total content in the range from 0.5 to 1.2% by weight of C + N it has surprisingly been found that the fatigue strength in particular in the case of alternating stresses such as occurs in the case of plastic forms due to the filling cycles is significantly increased. This is probably due to the stabilization of the passive layer in the atomic or micro range caused by nitrogen and thus a avoidance of crack initiation by local material attack.
- Nitrogen atoms which will be examined in more detail, could have a beneficial effect on the material's alternating corrosion stress, as was found. Furthermore, with the above minimum total content, the cubic body-centered lattice obviously begins to be destabilized, so that there are no remaining areas with alpha and delta structures in the coating in a simple manner, which eliminates the tendency of the material to crack corrosion. With the same hardness and wear resistance, alloying the chromium-containing martensitic steel with carbon and nitrogen results in a lower carbide content, the matrix having increased strength, which significantly improves the performance properties of a highly stressed plastic mold.
- Tungsten contents up to 3.0% by weight improve hardness and wear resistance, however, higher values affect the high carbon affinity of tungsten because of the workability and the annealing behavior of the material.
- Niobium and / or titanium are monocarbide and mononitride formers in higher proportions; these become up to a concentration of 0.18% by weight or 0.2% by weight
- elements mainly stored in mixed carbide improve the mechanical properties of the steel and reduce the risk of overheating essential.
- Higher levels can be particularly high at carbon levels 0.7% by weight increase the brittleness of the molds.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
- Mold Materials And Core Materials (AREA)
Description
In einem Bereich von 0,61 bis 0,95 Gew.-% des Summengehaltes von Kohlenstoff und Stickstoff der Eisenbasislegierung wurden bei daraus gefertigten thermisch vergüteten Kunststofformen mit einer Materialhärte von 50 bis 55 HRC die höchsten Standzeiten , insbesondere bei einer Verarbeitung von stark chemisch angreifenden Preßmassen und Kunststoffen mit verschleißenden Zusätzen ermittelt. Dabei war überraschend, daß die Haftung des Kunststoffproduktes bzw. Preßlings in der Form, insbesondere bei hohen Produktionszahlen, wesentlich geringer war als bei niedrigen Stickstoffkonzentrationen in der Legierung, was den Auswurf des Preßgutes wesentlich erleichterte. Die Ursache für eine Verringerung der Gleitreibung an der Formwand ist noch nicht vollkommen geklärt.
Claims (3)
- Verwendung einer Eisenbasislegierung bestehend aus in Gew.-%
C 0,25 bis 1,0 Si bis 1,0 Mn bis 1,6 gegebenenfalls S 0,02 bis 0,45 N 0,10 bis 0,35 Al bis 1,0 Co bis 2,8 Cr 14,0 bis 25,0, ausgenommen bis 17,0 Mo 0,5 bis 3,0 Ni bis 3,9 V 0,04 bis 0,4, ausgenommen ab 0,1 W bis 3,0 Nb bis 0,18 Ti bis 0,20
mindestens 0,5 und höchstens 1,2 ergibt, Rest Eisen und erschmelzungsbedingte Verunreinigungen zur Herstellung thermisch vergüteter Kunststofformen mit einer Härte von mindestens 45 HRC, vorzugsweise von 50 bis 55 HRC, und mit hoher Korrosionsbeständigkeit und/oder Hochglanzpolierbarkeit. - Verwendung einer Eisenbasislegierung bestenend aus in Gew.-%
C 0,4 bis 0,8 Si bis 1,0 Mn 0,3 bis 0,8 gegebenenfalls S 0,20 bis 0,30 N 0,12 bis 0,29 Al 0,002 bis 0,8 Co bis 2,8 Cr 16,0 bis 19,0, ausgenommen bis 17,0 Mo 0,8 bis 1,5 Ni bis 1,5 V 0,05 bis 0,2, ausgenommen ab 0,1 W bis 3,0 Nb bis 0,18 Ti bis 0,20 - Verwendung einer Eisenbasislegierung gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2 mit einer Oberfläche, insbesondere Arbeitsoberfläche, auf welcher zumindest teilweise eine Hartstoffschicht, vorzugsweise aus Karbid undloder Nitrid und/oder Oxid in Einzel- oder Mischformen , insbesondere der Elemente Titan und/oder Vanadin und/oder Aluminium, ausgebildet ist.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SI9630109T SI0721995T1 (en) | 1995-01-16 | 1996-01-10 | Use of an iron based alloy for plastic molds |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT54/95 | 1995-01-16 | ||
AT5495 | 1995-01-16 | ||
AT0005495A AT405193B (de) | 1995-01-16 | 1995-01-16 | Verwendung einer chromhältigen, martensitischen eisenbasislegierung für kunststofformen |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0721995A2 EP0721995A2 (de) | 1996-07-17 |
EP0721995A3 EP0721995A3 (de) | 1996-11-27 |
EP0721995B1 true EP0721995B1 (de) | 1999-10-20 |
Family
ID=3480314
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP96890005A Expired - Lifetime EP0721995B1 (de) | 1995-01-16 | 1996-01-10 | Verwendung einer Eisenbasislegierung für Kunststofformen |
Country Status (16)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5641453A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0721995B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP3438121B2 (de) |
CN (1) | CN1068073C (de) |
AR (1) | AR000727A1 (de) |
AT (2) | AT405193B (de) |
BR (1) | BR9600095A (de) |
CA (1) | CA2167221C (de) |
CO (1) | CO4560389A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE59603379D1 (de) |
DK (1) | DK0721995T3 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2138315T3 (de) |
GR (1) | GR3032228T3 (de) |
PE (1) | PE5897A1 (de) |
SI (1) | SI0721995T1 (de) |
TR (1) | TR199600037A2 (de) |
Families Citing this family (20)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6110300A (en) * | 1997-04-07 | 2000-08-29 | A. Finkl & Sons Co. | Tool for glass molding operations and method of manufacture thereof |
AT407647B (de) * | 1999-05-10 | 2001-05-25 | Boehler Edelstahl | Martensitischer korrosionsbeständiger chromstahl |
CZ297208B6 (cs) * | 2000-01-17 | 2006-10-11 | Stahlwerk Ergste Westig Gmbh | Ocel legovaná chrómem |
SE516622C2 (sv) * | 2000-06-15 | 2002-02-05 | Uddeholm Tooling Ab | Stållegering, plastformningsverktyg och seghärdat ämne för plastformningsverktyg |
US6689312B2 (en) * | 2001-11-28 | 2004-02-10 | Sg Alternatives, L.L.C. | Alloy composition and improvements in mold components used in the production of glass containers |
AT501794B1 (de) * | 2005-04-26 | 2008-06-15 | Boehler Edelstahl | Kunststoffform |
JP2007009321A (ja) | 2005-06-02 | 2007-01-18 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | プラスチック成形金型用鋼 |
JP5227359B2 (ja) | 2010-04-07 | 2013-07-03 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | オーステナイト系耐熱鋳鋼 |
CN103014510B (zh) * | 2012-12-01 | 2015-05-13 | 滁州市成业机械制造有限公司 | 高强度冷挤压模具钢及其加工工艺 |
EP3090071A4 (de) * | 2014-02-18 | 2017-09-27 | Uddeholms AB | Edelstahl für eine kunststoffform und eine aus dem edelstahl hergestellte form |
WO2015124169A1 (de) | 2014-02-18 | 2015-08-27 | Schmiedewerke Gröditz Gmbh | CHROMSTAHL FÜR STARK VERSCHLEIßBEANSPRUCHTE MASCHINENTEILE, INSBESONDERE PELLETIERMATRIZEN |
CN104018083B (zh) * | 2014-06-20 | 2016-01-06 | 重庆材料研究院有限公司 | 含氮不锈轴承钢及制备方法 |
CN104164625B (zh) * | 2014-08-01 | 2016-08-31 | 中材装备集团有限公司 | 一种用于高温工况下耐氯腐蚀的耐热钢及其使用方法 |
CN105112801B (zh) * | 2015-09-09 | 2017-05-17 | 滁州迪蒙德模具制造有限公司 | 一种非金属模具的制造方法 |
US10508327B2 (en) | 2016-03-11 | 2019-12-17 | Daido Steel Co., Ltd. | Mold steel and mold |
SE541151C2 (en) * | 2017-10-05 | 2019-04-16 | Uddeholms Ab | Stainless steel |
CN108559925A (zh) * | 2018-08-01 | 2018-09-21 | 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 | 模具钢及其制备方法 |
CN111074135B (zh) * | 2019-11-14 | 2021-07-06 | 河冶科技股份有限公司 | 耐蚀耐磨工具钢的制备方法和用于橡塑机械的螺杆 |
CN111575577B (zh) * | 2020-04-26 | 2021-11-02 | 攀钢集团江油长城特殊钢有限公司 | 一种塑料模具圆钢及其制备方法 |
CN115679194B (zh) * | 2021-07-30 | 2023-09-12 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | 一种塑料模具钢板及其制造方法 |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3607461A (en) * | 1967-12-18 | 1971-09-21 | Trw Inc | Hot workability of austenitic stainless steel alloys |
JPS4619774Y1 (de) * | 1970-02-25 | 1971-07-09 | ||
JPS5361514A (en) * | 1976-11-16 | 1978-06-02 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | Ferriteebased precipitation hardening type stainless steel |
JPS53103918A (en) * | 1977-02-23 | 1978-09-09 | Hitachi Metals Ltd | Steel for prehardened metal mold used for forming glass |
JPS54115615A (en) * | 1978-02-28 | 1979-09-08 | Hitachi Metals Ltd | Corrosion resistant alloy steel |
AT393642B (de) * | 1988-06-21 | 1991-11-25 | Boehler Gmbh | Verwendung einer eisenbasislegierung zur pulvermetallurgischen herstellung von teilen mit hoher korrosionsbestaendigkeit, hoher verschleissfestigkeit sowie hoher zaehigkeit und druckfestigkeit, insbesondere fuer die kunststoffverarbeitung |
JPH0577308A (ja) * | 1991-04-24 | 1993-03-30 | Hitachi Metals Ltd | 合成樹脂成形用スクリユ |
DE4212966C2 (de) * | 1992-04-18 | 1995-07-13 | Ver Schmiedewerke Gmbh | Verwendung eines martensitischen Chrom-Stahls |
FR2708939B1 (fr) * | 1993-08-11 | 1995-11-03 | Sima Sa | Acier martensitique à l'azote à faible teneur en carbone et son procédé de fabrication. |
-
1995
- 1995-01-16 AT AT0005495A patent/AT405193B/de not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1996
- 1996-01-10 ES ES96890005T patent/ES2138315T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-01-10 EP EP96890005A patent/EP0721995B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-01-10 DE DE59603379T patent/DE59603379D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-01-10 AT AT96890005T patent/ATE185853T1/de active
- 1996-01-10 SI SI9630109T patent/SI0721995T1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-01-10 DK DK96890005T patent/DK0721995T3/da active
- 1996-01-10 JP JP02837896A patent/JP3438121B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-01-10 CO CO96000747A patent/CO4560389A1/es unknown
- 1996-01-15 BR BR9600095A patent/BR9600095A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-01-15 CN CN96100864A patent/CN1068073C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-01-15 CA CA002167221A patent/CA2167221C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-01-16 AR ARP960101034A patent/AR000727A1/es unknown
- 1996-01-16 US US08/585,732 patent/US5641453A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-01-16 TR TR96/00037A patent/TR199600037A2/xx unknown
- 1996-01-25 PE PE1996000039A patent/PE5897A1/es not_active Application Discontinuation
-
1999
- 1999-12-22 GR GR990403315T patent/GR3032228T3/el unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BR9600095A (pt) | 1998-01-27 |
TR199600037A2 (tr) | 1996-08-21 |
ATE185853T1 (de) | 1999-11-15 |
EP0721995A3 (de) | 1996-11-27 |
GR3032228T3 (en) | 2000-04-27 |
CA2167221C (en) | 2000-10-10 |
DK0721995T3 (da) | 2000-01-03 |
US5641453A (en) | 1997-06-24 |
DE59603379D1 (de) | 1999-11-25 |
AR000727A1 (es) | 1997-08-06 |
CO4560389A1 (es) | 1998-02-10 |
JP3438121B2 (ja) | 2003-08-18 |
SI0721995T1 (en) | 2000-02-29 |
EP0721995A2 (de) | 1996-07-17 |
CA2167221A1 (en) | 1996-07-17 |
CN1134987A (zh) | 1996-11-06 |
CN1068073C (zh) | 2001-07-04 |
ES2138315T3 (es) | 2000-01-01 |
AT405193B (de) | 1999-06-25 |
JPH08253846A (ja) | 1996-10-01 |
PE5897A1 (es) | 1997-04-21 |
ATA5495A (de) | 1998-10-15 |
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