EP0718553A1 - Méthode pour combustion d'ordures - Google Patents

Méthode pour combustion d'ordures Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0718553A1
EP0718553A1 EP95810746A EP95810746A EP0718553A1 EP 0718553 A1 EP0718553 A1 EP 0718553A1 EP 95810746 A EP95810746 A EP 95810746A EP 95810746 A EP95810746 A EP 95810746A EP 0718553 A1 EP0718553 A1 EP 0718553A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
waste
calorific value
incineration
shaft
incinerated
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP95810746A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0718553B1 (fr
Inventor
Peter Dübendorfer
John Millard
Martin Zweifel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Martin GmbH fuer Umwelt und Energietechnik
Original Assignee
ABB Management AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ABB Management AG filed Critical ABB Management AG
Publication of EP0718553A1 publication Critical patent/EP0718553A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0718553B1 publication Critical patent/EP0718553B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/50—Control or safety arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2207/00—Control
    • F23G2207/10—Arrangement of sensing devices
    • F23G2207/112—Arrangement of sensing devices for waste supply flowrate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2207/00—Control
    • F23G2207/30—Oxidant supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for incinerators
    • F23G2900/55—Controlling; Monitoring or measuring
    • F23G2900/55007—Sensors arranged in waste loading zone, e.g. feed hopper level
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for incinerators
    • F23G2900/55—Controlling; Monitoring or measuring
    • F23G2900/55011—Detecting the properties of waste to be incinerated, e.g. heating value, density

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for the incineration of waste which is conveyed via an allocation shaft and a feed slide for incineration onto a grate to which air is supplied in order to maintain the incineration.
  • the invention further relates to an apparatus for performing this method.
  • the invention is based on a state of the art, as it results for example from EP-A-0 317 731.
  • Waste as fuel is very inhomogeneous in its composition. Their properties such as calorific value, ignitability and burning rate fluctuate in a very wide range.
  • Waste is incinerated, which consists, for example, of organic residual waste, industrial waste, wood, stones, plastics, glass, ceramics, paper and cardboard. If possible, the waste is made available for incineration in such a combination that it always contains a certain amount of combustible components.
  • the waste intended for incineration is available in different sizes. They also have different proportions of water, which must be taken into account when burning.
  • the compositions and the chemical-physical properties known from fuels such as coal, gas and oil. In contrast to the waste mentioned above, it is easily possible to optimize an incineration plant for these fuels.
  • Incineration plants for waste have so far mostly been operated with a low degree of automation.
  • a control room is provided, which is looked after by at least one surgeon.
  • the operator is responsible for adapting the combustion control to the fuel that is produced. He is dependent on his personal observation of the combustion process.
  • at least one video camera is provided, which is arranged above the combustion chamber. Corrective interventions in the combustion process can only be made retrospectively, i.e. when a change in the composition of the waste to be incinerated has become apparent through a change in the combustion quality. Then it is usually too late for corrective interventions. A combustion process run in this way will fluctuate more or less strongly around its optimal operating point.
  • EP-A-0 317 731 proposes to observe the area of the waste application on the combustion grate with optical radiation receivers which are preceded by optical filters which selectively detect the electromagnetic radiation emitted by H 2 O or CO 2 molecules.
  • the indicator for the water content of the waste obtained in this way is fed to the control device as a disturbance variable for controlling the combustion.
  • a signal is obtained which provides information about the water content of the waste before the waste is incinerated, so that the combustion parameters can be adapted directly to the incinerating waste.
  • a disadvantage of this method is that the time from the drop in the waste in the drop zone to the incineration on the grate is too short for changes in the combustion parameters to have a positive effect.
  • the dead times in this process are in the order of 30 to 60 minutes.
  • the transport time from the waste disposal area to the main incineration zone is in the range of 10 minutes.
  • the water content of the waste is determined only by the water evaporating on the surface. The water contained and bound inside the waste is not recorded and can therefore not be taken into account when controlling the combustion.
  • EP-A-0 352 620 describes a method in which the grate on which the waste is incinerated is observed with the aid of a video camera.
  • the video image obtained is automatically processed by means of a computer.
  • Information about the course of combustion such as the temperature distribution and the location of the main fire zone, is derived from the signals obtained from this and is then fed to the process control system as a control variable.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of demonstrating a method which uses a forward-looking mode of combustion of waste of all kinds, so that it is known even before the incineration of the pending waste which parameters the furnace should be set to.
  • the invention is also based on the object of demonstrating a device for incinerating waste which can be operated with this method.
  • this object is achieved according to the invention in that the calorific value or at least one measurand determining the calorific value of the waste (1) to be incinerated is already determined in the allocation shaft (2) and the measured values determined therefrom are stored in a process control unit (18) which, depending on the size of the calorific value when burning the waste (1), controls the amount of air to be fed to the grate and / or the amount of waste to be fed to the grate.
  • a corresponding device for incinerating waste is the subject of claim 11.
  • the calorific value of the waste to be incinerated or a quantity that determines its calorific value is recorded and calculated in the allocation shaft a certain period of time before the incineration.
  • microwave signals are emitted perpendicular to the direction of conveyance of the allocation shaft in which the waste is transported to a grate provided for incineration.
  • the water content of the waste causes signal weakening and / or phase changes in these microwave signals. These are evaluated to determine the water content in the waste.
  • the information signals determined from this are fed to the process control unit.
  • the device according to the invention for the incineration of waste is equipped with an allocation shaft, which is followed by a feed slide. It is used to convey the amount of waste to be incinerated to a grate provided for this purpose, to which air is fed to maintain the incineration.
  • At least one device for recording the calorific value of the waste is installed within the allocation shaft and is connected to at least one evaluation unit. The signal outputs of the evaluation units are connected to a process control unit. This is intended for controlling the air supply to the grate or for controlling the feed slide.
  • the device for the incineration of waste 1 of all types shown in FIG. 1 comprises an upright distribution shaft 2 with a rectangular cross-section, a feed slide 3 at its lower end for metering and conveying the waste 1 onto a grate 4 connected to it
  • Allocation shaft 2 is provided with a measuring device, generally designated by reference number 6, for determining the calorific value of the waste 1 located there.
  • the dimensioning section is designed in such a way that the time between passing waste 1 and placing it on the grate is typically between 20 and 30 minutes.
  • a microwave measuring arrangement 6 is provided in the dimensioning section 5 of the allocation shaft 2 in order to determine the water content in these wastes 1 - this largely determines their calorific value.
  • FIG. 2 which shows the dimensioning section 5 of the allocation shaft 2 in an enlarged view, this comprises two spatially distant measuring points with combined microwave transmission / reception modules 6a, 6b, 6c, 6d, 6a ', 6b', 6c ', 6d'.
  • microwave transmission / reception modules 6a, 6b, 6c, 6d and 6a ', 6b', 6c ', 6d' in each of two planes ⁇ and ⁇ lying perpendicular to one another and extending perpendicular to the conveying direction of the distribution shaft 2 Arranged inside the wall 2A of the allocation shaft 2.
  • An evaluation unit (8, 8 ') is assigned to each of the two measuring points, the output signals of which are fed to the process control unit 9.
  • microwave transmitter / receiver modules 6a and 6b or 6c and 6d are arranged on a straight line perpendicular to the conveying direction of the allocation shaft 2 opposite one another.
  • the microwave transmission / reception modules 6a ', 6b', 6c ', 6d' belonging to the plane ⁇ are arranged in the same way.
  • the microwave arrangements can consist of separate transmitting and receiving modules, which are located opposite one another on the walls of the allocation shaft. However, combined transmit / receive modules can also be used.
  • the transmittance of the waste is recorded using the microwaves.
  • the reflectivity of the waste is determined.
  • a third possibility is to generate microwaves standing in the dimensioning section 5 and to detect amplitudes and / or phase changes of the microwaves, which in turn enable conclusions to be drawn about the water content or the calorific value of the waste.
  • the amount of waste 1 that is loaded onto the grate 4 for incineration corresponds to the amount of waste that can be filled into the dimensioning section 5 of the allocation shaft 2.
  • the water content and thus the calorific value of the wastes 1 transported into the dimensioning section 5 can be determined with the aid of the evaluation unit 8 and thus within certain error limits.
  • the measurement in two separate levels ⁇ and ⁇ prevents misinterpretations, e.g. if a larger piece of metal M is carried in the waste.
  • a signal with the information about the water content or calorific value is forwarded from the evaluation unit 8 to a process control unit 9.
  • the waste 1 contained in the allocation shaft 2 is conveyed onto the grate for incineration with the aid of the feed slide 3.
  • the amount of waste 1 that is loaded onto the grate 4 corresponds to the amount of waste that is currently in the dimensioning section 5 of the allocation shaft 2.
  • the feed slide 3 is also controlled by the process control unit 9.
  • An air flap 10 is also controlled by the process control unit 9 and is arranged in a pipeline 11 below the grate 4. This opens into channels 12 on the underside of the grate 4, from where the amount of air required for optimal combustion is supplied from the grate 4.
  • FIGS. 3a and 3a An alternative way of determining the calorific value of the waste is shown schematically in FIGS. 3a and 3a.
  • cast-surface electrodes 13 and 14 are arranged on or in two opposite walls. These are electrically insulated from the wall of the feed shaft 2, which is regularly made of metal, by means of insulators 15.
  • the insulator 15 has a T-shaped cross section, the leg pointing inwards having the same length as the wall thickness of the feed shaft and the electrodes 13 and 14, respectively Rubbish is not hindered by the insulator or the electrode. It is attached from the outside.
  • a current - supplied by a constant voltage source - is passed through the waste 1 in the dimensioning section 5.
  • the size of the flowing current I is a measure of the volume conductivity of the waste and this in turn is a measure of the water content and thus the calorific value of the waste.
  • the output signal of the combined feed and current measuring device 16 is fed to the process control unit 9.
  • two electrode arrangements spaced apart from one another with respect to the flow direction of the waste can also be provided here to avoid incorrect measurements, e.g. due to larger pieces of metal carried in the waste.
  • the density of waste 1 is determined using separate methods. This can e.g. in that the weight of the waste column in the feed shaft is measured above that of the feed slide 3 by means of load cells 17 which are integrated in the support structure of the feed slide. This information is also stored in the process control unit and taken into account when controlling the combustion. By comparing the weight of these waste columns at different times, in combination e.g. make a statement about the waste quality or the calorific value with the water content. Furthermore, the flow rate of the waste in the feed shaft 2 can e.g. are determined with a measuring wheel 18, which is coupled to a tachometer generator, and are likewise fed to the process control unit 9 via an associated evaluation unit 19.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
EP95810746A 1994-12-22 1995-11-29 Méthode pour combustion d'ordures Expired - Lifetime EP0718553B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4445954A DE4445954A1 (de) 1994-12-22 1994-12-22 Verfahren zur Verbrennung von Abfällen
DE4445954 1994-12-22

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0718553A1 true EP0718553A1 (fr) 1996-06-26
EP0718553B1 EP0718553B1 (fr) 1999-09-29

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP95810746A Expired - Lifetime EP0718553B1 (fr) 1994-12-22 1995-11-29 Méthode pour combustion d'ordures

Country Status (9)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0718553B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH08219428A (fr)
KR (1) KR100416114B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE185187T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE4445954A1 (fr)
DK (1) DK0718553T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2139873T3 (fr)
NO (1) NO305338B1 (fr)
TW (1) TW301699B (fr)

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19706606A1 (de) * 1997-02-20 1998-08-27 Babcock Anlagen Gmbh Verfahren zur Regelung der Temperatur in thermischen Abfallbehandlunganlagen und Abfallbehandlunganlage
EP1048900A1 (fr) * 1999-04-28 2000-11-02 ORFEUS Combustion Engineering GmbH Procédé et dispositif de contrôle de la combustion d' un combustible avec un pouvoir calorifique variable
NL1014515C2 (nl) * 1999-06-04 2000-12-06 Tno Systeem voor continue thermische verbranding van materie zoals afval.
WO2001065178A1 (fr) * 2000-02-28 2001-09-07 Nederlandse Organisatie Voor Toegepast-Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek Tno Systeme de combustion thermique de matiere, telle que des dechets
EP1188987A2 (fr) * 2000-09-15 2002-03-20 Rohm And Haas Company Procédé de commander de température dans des installations d'incinération
EP1489355A1 (fr) * 2003-06-18 2004-12-22 SAR Elektronic GmbH Procédé et appareil pour réguler la puissance thermique d'un incinérateur
EP1655540A1 (fr) * 2004-11-02 2006-05-10 Von Roll Umwelttechnik AG Régulation limitant le flux de déchets
CN100413972C (zh) * 2001-09-25 2008-08-27 弗·哈夫曼-拉罗切有限公司 制备取代的2-氨基-3-(2-氨基-苯硫基)-丙酸的酶催化方法
ITMI20102065A1 (it) * 2010-11-08 2012-05-09 Amsa S P A Societa Per Azioni Co N Socio Unico Sistema di controllo del carico e della combustione, per impianti di combustione dei rifiuti.
EP2543997A1 (fr) 2011-07-07 2013-01-09 Mantex AB Procédé et appareil d'évaluation de la valeur calorifique
WO2013107509A1 (fr) * 2012-01-18 2013-07-25 Heinrich Unland Système permettant de déterminer la valeur énergétique d'un combustible
WO2015051853A1 (fr) 2013-10-11 2015-04-16 Mantex Ab Procédé et appareil pour estimer une valeur calorifique à l'aide de mesures de transmission de rayons x à double énergie et de mesures de fluorescence de rayons x
CN113766838A (zh) * 2019-08-20 2021-12-07 日本烟草产业株式会社 圆筒状加热型吸烟物品的制造方法以及制造装置

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DE19917572A1 (de) 1999-04-19 2000-10-26 Abb Alstom Power Ch Ag Verfahren zur automatischen Einstellung der Feuerung einer Müllverbrennungsanlage
KR100434650B1 (ko) * 2000-12-22 2004-06-07 현대중공업 주식회사 화격자식 쓰레기 소각설비의 연소제어 방법
DE10330376B4 (de) * 2003-07-04 2007-09-13 Pfister Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur kontinuierlichen, gravimetrischen Dosierung von fließfähigen Gütern für Feuerungsanlagen
DE102010031528B4 (de) * 2010-07-19 2013-04-25 Klaus Seeger System zur Bestimmung eines Energiegehalts eines festen Brennstoffs und Verwendung des Systems
KR101436067B1 (ko) * 2014-04-08 2014-09-12 (주)씨엠환경에너지 배출가스를 이용한 연소제어 기술이 내재된 소각로
JP6685506B2 (ja) * 2016-03-30 2020-04-22 Ｊｆｅエンジニアリング株式会社 廃棄物焼却炉
JP6624451B2 (ja) * 2016-03-30 2019-12-25 Ｊｆｅエンジニアリング株式会社 廃棄物処理炉装置
DE102017120222B3 (de) 2017-09-01 2018-11-29 Technische Universität Dresden Verfahren und System zur Prognose einer Brennstoffzusammensetzung bei der thermischen Verwertung von Abfall
JP2019178846A (ja) * 2018-03-30 2019-10-17 Ｊｆｅエンジニアリング株式会社 廃棄物水分率測定装置、火格子式廃棄物焼却炉、廃棄物水分率測定方法及び廃棄物焼却方法
JP2019178844A (ja) * 2018-03-30 2019-10-17 Ｊｆｅエンジニアリング株式会社 廃棄物水分率測定装置、火格子式廃棄物焼却炉、廃棄物水分率測定方法及び廃棄物焼却方法
JP2019178845A (ja) * 2018-03-30 2019-10-17 Ｊｆｅエンジニアリング株式会社 廃棄物水分率測定装置、火格子式廃棄物焼却炉、廃棄物水分率測定方法及び廃棄物焼却方法
JP2019178847A (ja) * 2018-03-30 2019-10-17 Ｊｆｅエンジニアリング株式会社 廃棄物水分率測定装置、火格子式廃棄物焼却炉、廃棄物水分率測定方法及び廃棄物焼却方法
JP6998485B1 (ja) * 2021-06-29 2022-01-18 三菱重工環境・化学エンジニアリング株式会社 焼却炉設備の制御装置

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EP0317731A1 (fr) 1987-10-24 1989-05-31 Kurt-Henry Dipl.-Ing. Mindermann Procédé de contrôle de la combustion de carburant possédant un pouvoir calorifique fortement variable
FR2623878A1 (fr) * 1987-11-27 1989-06-02 Enichem Anic Spa Procede pour la combustion d'un combustible issu d'ordures dans un bruleur de four de production de clinker pour ciments et bruleur pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede
EP0352620A2 (fr) 1988-07-29 1990-01-31 MARTIN GmbH für Umwelt- und Energietechnik Méthode et dispositif de régulation de la puissance de combustion d'installations de combustion
WO1991006809A1 (fr) * 1989-10-30 1991-05-16 Honeywell Inc. Commande de combustion a micropont
EP0439645A1 (fr) * 1990-01-30 1991-08-07 Officine Metalmeccaniche Nova S.P.A. Procédé pour l'alimentation commandée de déchets urbains et/ou spéciaux dans une installation d'incinération et installation pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé
EP0454122A2 (fr) * 1990-04-27 1991-10-30 Kawasaki Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Procédé et appareil pour le traitement des déchets médicaux
EP0480047A1 (fr) * 1990-03-27 1992-04-15 Nkk Corporation Procede de regulation de la combustion dans un incinerateur a lit fluidise
DE4106225A1 (de) * 1991-02-23 1992-08-27 Arndt Dipl Ing Goeller Sensor zur bestimmung der feuchte von grob- und feinkoernigen schuettguetern oder feinkoernigen schuettguetern mit grobkoernigen bestandteilen im on-line-betrieb

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DE3537945A1 (de) * 1985-10-25 1987-04-30 Babcock Anlagen Ag Verfahren zur verbrennung von abfall
DE3904272C3 (de) * 1989-02-14 1998-01-08 Steinmueller Gmbh L & C Verfahren zum Erfassen der von mindestens zwei räumlich getrennten Stellen mindestens einer Verbrennungszone auf einem Rost ausgehenden Strahlung und Vorrichtung zum Erfassen einer solchen Strahlung
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DE4215997C2 (de) * 1992-05-13 1995-09-07 Noell Abfall & Energietech Verfahren zur Regelung der Müllmenge bzw. der Müllschicht auf Verbrennungsrosten
DE4220149C2 (de) * 1992-06-19 2002-06-13 Steinmueller Gmbh L & C Verfahren zum Regelung der Verbrennung von Müll auf einem Rost einer Feuerungsanlage und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4329873A (en) * 1980-04-07 1982-05-18 Honeywell Inc. Calorimetric apparatus
EP0317731A1 (fr) 1987-10-24 1989-05-31 Kurt-Henry Dipl.-Ing. Mindermann Procédé de contrôle de la combustion de carburant possédant un pouvoir calorifique fortement variable
FR2623878A1 (fr) * 1987-11-27 1989-06-02 Enichem Anic Spa Procede pour la combustion d'un combustible issu d'ordures dans un bruleur de four de production de clinker pour ciments et bruleur pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede
EP0352620A2 (fr) 1988-07-29 1990-01-31 MARTIN GmbH für Umwelt- und Energietechnik Méthode et dispositif de régulation de la puissance de combustion d'installations de combustion
WO1991006809A1 (fr) * 1989-10-30 1991-05-16 Honeywell Inc. Commande de combustion a micropont
EP0439645A1 (fr) * 1990-01-30 1991-08-07 Officine Metalmeccaniche Nova S.P.A. Procédé pour l'alimentation commandée de déchets urbains et/ou spéciaux dans une installation d'incinération et installation pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé
EP0480047A1 (fr) * 1990-03-27 1992-04-15 Nkk Corporation Procede de regulation de la combustion dans un incinerateur a lit fluidise
EP0454122A2 (fr) * 1990-04-27 1991-10-30 Kawasaki Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Procédé et appareil pour le traitement des déchets médicaux
DE4106225A1 (de) * 1991-02-23 1992-08-27 Arndt Dipl Ing Goeller Sensor zur bestimmung der feuchte von grob- und feinkoernigen schuettguetern oder feinkoernigen schuettguetern mit grobkoernigen bestandteilen im on-line-betrieb

Cited By (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19706606A1 (de) * 1997-02-20 1998-08-27 Babcock Anlagen Gmbh Verfahren zur Regelung der Temperatur in thermischen Abfallbehandlunganlagen und Abfallbehandlunganlage
US6101958A (en) * 1997-02-20 2000-08-15 Deutsche Babcock Anlagen Gmbh Method of and apparatus for thermal degradation of waste
EP1048900A1 (fr) * 1999-04-28 2000-11-02 ORFEUS Combustion Engineering GmbH Procédé et dispositif de contrôle de la combustion d' un combustible avec un pouvoir calorifique variable
NL1014515C2 (nl) * 1999-06-04 2000-12-06 Tno Systeem voor continue thermische verbranding van materie zoals afval.
WO2001065178A1 (fr) * 2000-02-28 2001-09-07 Nederlandse Organisatie Voor Toegepast-Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek Tno Systeme de combustion thermique de matiere, telle que des dechets
EP1188987A2 (fr) * 2000-09-15 2002-03-20 Rohm And Haas Company Procédé de commander de température dans des installations d'incinération
EP1978303A3 (fr) * 2000-09-15 2012-11-21 Rohm and Haas Company Procédé de contrôle de la température dans les incinérateurs
EP1188987A3 (fr) * 2000-09-15 2005-01-05 Rohm And Haas Company Procédé de commander de température dans des installations d'incinération
EP1978303A2 (fr) * 2000-09-15 2008-10-08 Rohm and Haas Company Procédé de contrôle de la température d'une chambre de combustion pour obtenir la conformité des émissions de monoxyde de carbone dans des fourneaux industriels avec une consommation d'énergie minimale
CN100413972C (zh) * 2001-09-25 2008-08-27 弗·哈夫曼-拉罗切有限公司 制备取代的2-氨基-3-(2-氨基-苯硫基)-丙酸的酶催化方法
EP1489355A1 (fr) * 2003-06-18 2004-12-22 SAR Elektronic GmbH Procédé et appareil pour réguler la puissance thermique d'un incinérateur
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EP1655540A1 (fr) * 2004-11-02 2006-05-10 Von Roll Umwelttechnik AG Régulation limitant le flux de déchets
ITMI20102065A1 (it) * 2010-11-08 2012-05-09 Amsa S P A Societa Per Azioni Co N Socio Unico Sistema di controllo del carico e della combustione, per impianti di combustione dei rifiuti.
EP2543997A1 (fr) 2011-07-07 2013-01-09 Mantex AB Procédé et appareil d'évaluation de la valeur calorifique
WO2013004593A1 (fr) 2011-07-07 2013-01-10 Mantex Ab Procédé et appareil permettant d'estimer un pouvoir calorifique
US10203292B2 (en) 2011-07-07 2019-02-12 Mantex Ab Method and apparatus for estimation of heat value
WO2013107509A1 (fr) * 2012-01-18 2013-07-25 Heinrich Unland Système permettant de déterminer la valeur énergétique d'un combustible
WO2015051853A1 (fr) 2013-10-11 2015-04-16 Mantex Ab Procédé et appareil pour estimer une valeur calorifique à l'aide de mesures de transmission de rayons x à double énergie et de mesures de fluorescence de rayons x
US10197513B2 (en) 2013-10-11 2019-02-05 Mantex IP AB Method and apparatus for estimation of heat value using dual energy x-ray transmission and fluorescence measurements
CN113766838A (zh) * 2019-08-20 2021-12-07 日本烟草产业株式会社 圆筒状加热型吸烟物品的制造方法以及制造装置
CN113766838B (zh) * 2019-08-20 2023-07-07 日本烟草产业株式会社 圆筒状加热型吸烟物品的制造方法以及制造装置

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NO955178L (no) 1996-06-24
ES2139873T3 (es) 2000-02-16
NO305338B1 (no) 1999-05-10
DE59506948D1 (de) 1999-11-04
EP0718553B1 (fr) 1999-09-29
KR960024010A (ko) 1996-07-20
NO955178D0 (no) 1995-12-20
DE4445954A1 (de) 1996-06-27
TW301699B (fr) 1997-04-01
JPH08219428A (ja) 1996-08-30
DK0718553T3 (da) 2000-04-10
ATE185187T1 (de) 1999-10-15
KR100416114B1 (ko) 2004-04-21

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