WO2013107509A1 - Système permettant de déterminer la valeur énergétique d'un combustible - Google Patents

Système permettant de déterminer la valeur énergétique d'un combustible Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013107509A1
WO2013107509A1 PCT/EP2012/050732 EP2012050732W WO2013107509A1 WO 2013107509 A1 WO2013107509 A1 WO 2013107509A1 EP 2012050732 W EP2012050732 W EP 2012050732W WO 2013107509 A1 WO2013107509 A1 WO 2013107509A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fuel
water content
measuring device
primary energy
determines
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2012/050732
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Heinrich Unland
Hans WÖRMCKE
Klaus Seeger
Original Assignee
Heinrich Unland
Woermcke Hans
Klaus Seeger
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Heinrich Unland, Woermcke Hans, Klaus Seeger filed Critical Heinrich Unland
Priority to PCT/EP2012/050732 priority Critical patent/WO2013107509A1/fr
Publication of WO2013107509A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013107509A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
    • G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
    • G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
    • G01N21/3554—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light for determining moisture content
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/50—Control or safety arrangements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
    • G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
    • G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
    • G01N21/359—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light using near infrared light
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/22—Fuels; Explosives
    • G01N33/222—Solid fuels, e.g. coal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for incinerators
    • F23G2900/55—Controlling; Monitoring or measuring
    • F23G2900/55011—Detecting the properties of waste to be incinerated, e.g. heating value, density
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
    • G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
    • G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
    • G01N21/3554—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light for determining moisture content
    • G01N21/3559—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light for determining moisture content in sheets, e.g. in paper
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N22/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of microwaves or radio waves, i.e. electromagnetic waves with a wavelength of one millimetre or more
    • G01N22/04—Investigating moisture content
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2201/00—Features of devices classified in G01N21/00
    • G01N2201/12—Circuits of general importance; Signal processing
    • G01N2201/129—Using chemometrical methods

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a system for determining the primary energy content of a non-fossil fuel.
  • a fuel is a solid biomass fuel or a substitute fuel.
  • the solid biomass fuel in particular comprises wood residues, twigs and bark.
  • This solid biomass fuel is usually available as wood chips (wood chips) or as shredded material.
  • the substitute fuel (EBS) consists of a mixture of highly combustible
  • Components of packaging or the like such as sorted household waste (yellow bag) may be such a substitute fuel, which may be present in a suitable, optionally comminuted form as well as in the form of waste and other waste materials.
  • An essential parameter for controlling the performance of a burner or boiler or any other type of combustion device is the amount of fuel supplied to the burner.
  • Fossil fuels generally have a constant calorific value for the respective fuel type, so that the fuel quantity supplied suffices as a parameter for determining the amount of primary energy supplied.
  • the primary energy content in a constant amount of fuel supplied can fluctuate significantly, so that based solely on the amount of fuel supplied fuel control / control of the burner can not ensure reliable power control of the burner.
  • the invention has for its object to propose a system for determining a primary energy content of a solid biomass fuel or a substitute fuel as a fuel, so that it can be concluded from a fuel quantity on the amount of primary energy.
  • a system for determining a primary energy content of solid biomass fuel or a substitute fuel as a fuel which comprises a water content measuring device which determines the water content of the fuel without contact from a beam echo from the fuel to the water content measuring device, and an evaluation device which the primary energy content of the fuel, taking into account at least the determined water content of the fuel.
  • the water content measuring device is provided with an NIR spectrometer which determines at least the water content chemometrically from the IR echo received by the fuel.
  • the chemical composition of the fuel can be completely or partially determined with the aid of NIR spectrometry; Such a chemometric analysis can be taken into account when determining the primary energy content.
  • the determination of the water content of the fuel may alternatively be carried out by a water content measuring device having a microwave radiation source and a microwave receiver, wherein from the absorption behavior, which shows the fuel, the water content of the fuel is determined.
  • the power control In addition to the water content of the fuel, it is also important for the power control with which density the fuel is present in order to be able to deduce from the relationship between the relative primary energy content and the fuel mass to a fuel mass flow which can supply the primary energy flow predetermined by the power control to the burner.
  • the system is provided with a bulk density meter which determines the bulk density of the fuel from camera images of the fuel using automatic image recognition techniques.
  • the image recognition method preferably comprises a pattern recognition method that recognizes patterns that are typical for the respective fuel in the camera images and that indicates a bulk density and / or grain size distribution typical for these patterns.
  • the bulk density of the solid fuel can be estimated without contact, for example, by comparing previously deposited patterns in a similarity comparison with the camera image or the camera images and concluding the comparison of the data deposited with the samples on the bulk density.
  • intelligent evaluation systems which are independent of color differences and surface relations of the individual different colors between, for example, cavity and solid or more solids and thus determine the bulk density, preferably also taking into account the determined water content, rough estimate.
  • Non-combustible fractions of a fuel that do not occur in the fuel itself but in the fuel-forming mixture are also referred to as foreign sanding.
  • the total non-combustible fraction of a fuel is referred to as sanding, which merely increases the bulk density but does not contribute to the primary energy content of the fuel. Depending on quality of fuel sanding can make up to one-fifth of dry weight.
  • the system is further equipped with a sanding measuring device which determines the incombustible fraction of the biomass fuel without contact from a radiation echo from the biomass fuel to the sanding measuring device.
  • a NIR spectrometer is used in the Besandungsmes-, which determines the content of incombustible fractions in the biomass fuel from the chemometrically measured total composition of the biomass fuel.
  • the sanding measuring device uses the NIR spectrometer of the water content measuring device and determines the sanding thus organic and / or inorganic material directly or indirectly with a corresponding evaluation.
  • the sanding measuring device can be configured such that a sanding proportion of the fuel is determined from camera images using image recognition methods and / or pattern recognition methods and / or color pattern recognition methods.
  • the system preferably also contains a fuel flow measuring device which determines a fuel mass flow on a fuel feed device from camera images, taking account of bulk density and conveying speed, and determines a primary energy flow taking into account the determined primary energy content of the conveyed fuel.
  • an interface for connection to a process control system is provided, which is the combustion the fuel in a combustion device controls, wherein an indication of the primary energy content of the fuel is provided via the interface to the process control system.
  • Fig. 1 shows schematically functional units of a fuel supply, which cooperate with a system for determining the primary energy content of a solid fuel.
  • Reference numeral 1 denotes a fuel delivery device, which is shown here as a conveyor belt. It is also possible to use other conveying devices, such as, for example, chain conveyors, vibrating troughs or other suitable, preferably continuously conveying devices.
  • a layer of solid fuel is schematically indicated, which is to be supplied to a combustion device (not shown) and burnt there.
  • the fuel is a solid biomass fuel, which consists essentially of untreated wood, wood waste, tree bark, etc.
  • this biomass fuel is generally referred to as fuel 2.
  • Fuel 2 can be present as wood chips (wood chips) or as shredded material. The range of possible grain size of the individual pieces or parts of the fuel is less than 1 to 500 mm.
  • the conveying direction is indicated by an arrow 5.
  • the conveyed fuel 2 passes through a camera system 3 and then an NIR spectrometer 4.
  • an NIR spectrometer 4 is shown and described as part of a water content measuring device; Alternatively, a microwave system (not shown) may be provided instead of or in addition to the NIR spectrometer 4.
  • the order of arrangement of the camera 3 and the NIR spectrometer 4 is basically arbitrary, the two can be arranged one after another in any order; but they can also be mounted side by side, so that the always the same portion of the fuel 2 passed underneath is measured.
  • the camera 3 which may also be a system of multiple cameras working / working with visible light or other light invisible to the human eye.
  • the image taken by the camera 3 is forwarded in electrical form to an evaluation device 6 and evaluated there.
  • an image of the fuel by means of image processing methods, which may include pattern comparisons or the evaluation of color differences and the weighting of the same color area proportions evaluated to evaluate the bulk density and / or the sanding of the fuel.
  • the conveying speed of the fuel can be measured without contact and independently of the conveyor system. If several such picture elements are tracked, mixing effects, e.g. may occur in the promotion by vibratory conveyors. The detection of the conveying speed becomes more accurate.
  • the fuel 2 is illuminated with light in the near infrared range and the spectrum of the reflected light is examined in the evaluation device 6.
  • NIRS Nahlnfra Red Spectroscopy.
  • the substance to be examined is irradiated with light in the wavelength range 900 nm-2500 nm (NIR) (reflection) or transilluminated (transmission) and the interaction of the light with the substance is investigated and analyzed.
  • the relatively low-energy IR or NIR radiation excites atoms at their molecular bonds to oscillations or rotation and contractions. As is usual with oscillatory systems, there are certain resonance states, which in turn correspond to discrete energies.
  • NIRS one primarily investigates the so-called harmonics. Due to the fact that the relatively wide absorption bands At first glance, these spectra may not show any distinctive characteristics.
  • chemometrics software meaningful qualitative as well as quantitative results are generated from such spectra using statistical methods such as cluster analysis and multi-linear regression.
  • the spectral analysis of the NIR spectrometer can be carried out with regard to the sanding of the fuel 2 and the quantitatively determined sanding then flows into the calculation of the primary energy content of the fuel 2.
  • the water content of the fuel 2 can be determined quantitatively and related to the determined by means of camera 3 and the image evaluation bulk density.
  • the primary energy content can be determined even more accurately by taking into account the sanding in the evaluation unit 6. If the speed of the fuel delivery is taken into account, the data record 7 also contains an indication of the current primary energy flow which has passed under the measuring devices 3, 4, or in any case has run through very shortly before.
  • the data set 7 is supplied (if desired) in a suitable form via an interface 9 to the controller of the combustion device (not shown).
  • the data acquisition / evaluation takes place as follows:
  • the primary energy content or the amount of primary energy currently being supplied from the evaluation device is possible to output as a standardized signal to 4 to 20 mA, or a system-specific interface as the measured value for the amount of primary energy to the control of the combustion device.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système permettant de déterminer la valeur énergétique d'un combustible. L'invention vise à fournir ledit système permettant de déterminer la valeur énergétique primaire d'une biomasse combustible (2) solide ou d'un combustible de substitution en tant que combustible, de manière à ce que la quantité d'énergie primaire d'une quantité de combustible puisse être déduite de ladite quantité de combustible. A cet effet, le système comprend un dispositif de mesure de la teneur en eau déterminant sans contact la teneur en eau du combustible à partir d'un écho de rayonnement émis par le combustible en direction du dispositif de mesure de la teneur en eau, et comprend également un dispositif d'analyse (6) déterminant la valeur énergétique primaire du combustible (2) en tenant compte au moins de la teneur en eau déterminée du combustible (2).
PCT/EP2012/050732 2012-01-18 2012-01-18 Système permettant de déterminer la valeur énergétique d'un combustible WO2013107509A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2012/050732 WO2013107509A1 (fr) 2012-01-18 2012-01-18 Système permettant de déterminer la valeur énergétique d'un combustible

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2012/050732 WO2013107509A1 (fr) 2012-01-18 2012-01-18 Système permettant de déterminer la valeur énergétique d'un combustible

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WO2013107509A1 true WO2013107509A1 (fr) 2013-07-25

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2017009158A1 (fr) * 2015-07-15 2017-01-19 Thyssenkrupp Industrial Solutions Ag Procédé de réglage d'un processus de combustion

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3635977A1 (de) * 1985-10-25 1987-04-30 Coal Industry Patents Ltd Feuchtigkeitsgradmesser
EP0317731A1 (fr) * 1987-10-24 1989-05-31 Kurt-Henry Dipl.-Ing. Mindermann Procédé de contrôle de la combustion de carburant possédant un pouvoir calorifique fortement variable
DE4028486A1 (de) * 1990-09-09 1992-05-27 Mindermann Kurt Henry Verfahren zur steuerung oder regelung eines prozessablaufs fuer ein schuettgut, insbesondere muell
JPH07119946A (ja) * 1993-10-22 1995-05-12 Sumitomo Heavy Ind Ltd ごみ焼却炉
EP0718553A1 (fr) * 1994-12-22 1996-06-26 ABB Management AG Méthode pour combustion d'ordures
DE4446022A1 (de) * 1994-12-22 1996-06-27 Abb Patent Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Verbrennung von Abfällen
JPH0960842A (ja) * 1995-08-22 1997-03-04 Ebara Corp ごみの落下量算出手段を有する流動床式焼却装置
DE19919222C1 (de) * 1999-04-28 2001-01-11 Orfeus Comb Engineering Gmbh Verfahren zum Steuern der Verbrennung von Brennstoff mit variablem Heizwert
DE10019194C1 (de) * 2000-04-17 2001-08-09 Dbt Autom Gmbh Verfahren zur Online-Heizwertbestimmung an festen fossilen Brennstoffen
WO2011055015A1 (fr) * 2009-11-06 2011-05-12 Senfit Oy Mesure de l'humidité

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3635977A1 (de) * 1985-10-25 1987-04-30 Coal Industry Patents Ltd Feuchtigkeitsgradmesser
EP0317731A1 (fr) * 1987-10-24 1989-05-31 Kurt-Henry Dipl.-Ing. Mindermann Procédé de contrôle de la combustion de carburant possédant un pouvoir calorifique fortement variable
DE4028486A1 (de) * 1990-09-09 1992-05-27 Mindermann Kurt Henry Verfahren zur steuerung oder regelung eines prozessablaufs fuer ein schuettgut, insbesondere muell
JPH07119946A (ja) * 1993-10-22 1995-05-12 Sumitomo Heavy Ind Ltd ごみ焼却炉
EP0718553A1 (fr) * 1994-12-22 1996-06-26 ABB Management AG Méthode pour combustion d'ordures
DE4446022A1 (de) * 1994-12-22 1996-06-27 Abb Patent Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Verbrennung von Abfällen
JPH0960842A (ja) * 1995-08-22 1997-03-04 Ebara Corp ごみの落下量算出手段を有する流動床式焼却装置
DE19919222C1 (de) * 1999-04-28 2001-01-11 Orfeus Comb Engineering Gmbh Verfahren zum Steuern der Verbrennung von Brennstoff mit variablem Heizwert
DE10019194C1 (de) * 2000-04-17 2001-08-09 Dbt Autom Gmbh Verfahren zur Online-Heizwertbestimmung an festen fossilen Brennstoffen
WO2011055015A1 (fr) * 2009-11-06 2011-05-12 Senfit Oy Mesure de l'humidité

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
M BECKMANN ET AL: "Energetische Bewertung der Substitution von Brennstoffen durch Ersatzbrennstoffe bei Hochtemperaturprozessen zur Stoffbehandlung, Teile 1 und 2", ZGK INTERNATIONAL, vol. 52, no. 6,8, 1 January 1999 (1999-01-01), XP055039303 *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2017009158A1 (fr) * 2015-07-15 2017-01-19 Thyssenkrupp Industrial Solutions Ag Procédé de réglage d'un processus de combustion

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