EP1048900A1 - Procédé et dispositif de contrôle de la combustion d' un combustible avec un pouvoir calorifique variable - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif de contrôle de la combustion d' un combustible avec un pouvoir calorifique variable Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1048900A1
EP1048900A1 EP00109028A EP00109028A EP1048900A1 EP 1048900 A1 EP1048900 A1 EP 1048900A1 EP 00109028 A EP00109028 A EP 00109028A EP 00109028 A EP00109028 A EP 00109028A EP 1048900 A1 EP1048900 A1 EP 1048900A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel
combustion
gripper
shaft
analysis
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP00109028A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Franz Wintrich
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Orfeus Combustion Engr GmbH
Original Assignee
Orfeus Combustion Engr GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Orfeus Combustion Engr GmbH filed Critical Orfeus Combustion Engr GmbH
Publication of EP1048900A1 publication Critical patent/EP1048900A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/50—Control or safety arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
    • F23G5/442—Waste feed arrangements
    • F23G5/444—Waste feed arrangements for solid waste
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2205/00—Waste feed arrangements
    • F23G2205/16—Waste feed arrangements using chute
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2207/00—Control
    • F23G2207/10—Arrangement of sensing devices
    • F23G2207/101—Arrangement of sensing devices for temperature
    • F23G2207/1015—Heat pattern monitoring of flames
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2207/00—Control
    • F23G2207/20—Waste supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for incinerators
    • F23G2900/55—Controlling; Monitoring or measuring
    • F23G2900/55007—Sensors arranged in waste loading zone, e.g. feed hopper level
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for incinerators
    • F23G2900/55—Controlling; Monitoring or measuring
    • F23G2900/55011—Detecting the properties of waste to be incinerated, e.g. heating value, density
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2229/00—Flame sensors
    • F23N2229/20—Camera viewing

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method according to the preamble of claim 1 Controlling the combustion of variable calorific fuel, in particular Household waste, which uses a gripper to turn fuel from a bunker into a End of a shaft is used, at the other end of the fuel is conveyed in batches to a combustion grate by setting at least one combustion parameter.
  • the invention further relates to a Device according to the preamble of claim 7, comprising a Gripper unit for gripping fuel, in particular household waste, from one Bunker for insertion in the end of a shaft and a control unit to control combustion on the other end of the shaft arranged combustion east.
  • EP-A-0 317 731 describes a method for controlling the combustion of fuel with a strongly fluctuating calorific value, in particular in a waste incineration plant, in which the calorific value of the fuel is estimated on the basis of its detected water content or of the CO 2 content of the combustion air, in particular by the band radiation of H 2 O or CO 2 detected in a first evaporation and degassing zone of the grate.
  • the throttling of the air is determined in the air supply lines supplied to the grate from below, and the average density of the fuel arranged on the grate is derived therefrom and used to control the waste incineration plant.
  • a disadvantage of this known method is that the combustion parameters can only be controlled for the first time when the fuel is placed on the grate. If the calorific value changes at short intervals, the system tends to vibrate. Furthermore, due to the correlation with that of the H 2 O content, the regulation is based on a presumption of regulation, which is often not applicable.
  • EP-A-0 352 620 describes a waste incineration plant in which Firing performance by adjusting the primary air supply both over the grate length as well as in the transverse direction of the combustion grate different zones is regulated, for this purpose a video camera in the combustion chamber the combustion behavior and the fuel distribution are provided observed and corresponding values for regulating the combustion output determined.
  • the fuel used in the shaft is not observed, and accordingly the picture taken analyzed. It is therefore not possible with this method to look ahead to determine the firing performance, which is due to hanging up again Fuel will adjust, rather will only be based on the actual state turned off and the correspondingly frequent fluctuations correspondingly frequent with accomplished.
  • DE-C-41 91 44 describes a method for determining the profile of the bed a furnace in which various bed properties of the furnace are observed a camera and subsequent evaluation can be determined, whereby furthermore a comparison which comes into consideration with difference values, and wherein in particular transitions between bed and background can be determined and an alarm is triggered when threshold values are exceeded.
  • a Statement about the probable calorific value of the not yet launched Fuel is not provided.
  • DE-A-42 20 149 describes a combustion control in which the The course of combustion is observed in the combustion chamber and accordingly in one Fuzzy system of stored data is regulated, whereby only data recorded online the combustion are processed and no data is taken into account, that were recorded and evaluated in advance.
  • a method according to the preamble of Claim 1 or a device according to the preamble of claim 7 specify with which the combustion process is better controlled.
  • the gripper has at least one camera for observing the surface of the fuel used in the shaft and / or detected fuel is assigned, the captured image of one with the camera connected analysis unit with regard to predetermined image features, for example Color, texture, grain and / or shape, is analyzed, and that the Analysis unit has a connection to the control unit to the To provide image features for the control of the combustion.
  • the method according to the invention it is possible to gain knowledge of the Have the calorific value of the fuel available before it reaches the grate arrives so that the combustion parameters are defined in advance can.
  • the image recorded by at least one camera the batch preferably in a downstream of the camera Computer unit analyzed, and in a learning phase the observed image actual heating values, but also other parameters, For example, the outgassing behavior or information on the temporal Course of combustion, assigned.
  • the Computer unit for each observed image an assignment of the associated Make the calorific value.
  • typical image features lifted for example whether parts hang down from the gripper (reference to Paper) or how large the visible surface sections are.
  • Typical Image features are color, texture, grain, shapes, but also derived ones Angle of repose, gloss, compactness or the like.
  • the computing unit taking into account that for the Passing through the manhole foreseen dead time in advance the heating value of the fuel with a very high probability of being hit forecast, and also a statement about the statistical variance of a forecast based on the captured image class do.
  • a batch with calorific values that differ significantly from the other batches imminent, consciously accept a worse combustion e.g. if is certain that the multiple changes in the Combustion parameters for a batch are not worth it.
  • This decision can also by weighting with the statistical variance mentioned above to be influenced.
  • the batch frequency can be used as a combustion parameter, for example are controlled with which new fuel is placed on the combustion grate is, but also the supply and / or distribution of the primary air below the Grate on possibly several intended combustion zones, the feed and / or distribution of the secondary air to possibly several provided Combustion zones above the grate, the distribution of the fuel these zones, the combustion air volume per unit of time or its Temperature, the proportion of recycled combustion gases that the Combustion air can be added. Furthermore, if appropriate Facilities are provided for the addition of additional fossil fuels Fuels can be controlled.
  • the weight of the gripper is preferably used Batch determined and used as an additional parameter in the analysis.
  • the weight allows a conclusion to be drawn about the density of the fuel is important for determining the required pressure of the primary Combustion air.
  • this can be done with preferably with the same camera that also captures the image data, the degree of filling of the gripper can be determined, for example the opening angle of the Claws of the grapple or the height and angle of repose of the in the grapple used fuel are taken into account. Based on this, it will volume taken up by the fuel, which together with the measured weight in the computing unit to an average density of Batch can be calculated.
  • the selection of the next batch based on the predicted calorific value is controlled, for example by jumps in the Avoid setting the other combustion parameters.
  • another camera is provided in the bunker, where necessary Lighting conditions can be set using headlights, for example for the area in which the gripper holds the next batch of fuel wants to record, deliver the image data to the computer unit, and according to the forecast, the batch is seized or another batch grabbed.
  • the use of a camera that takes pictures without headlights is considered can detect, e.g. an infrared camera.
  • the camera is preferably attached directly to the gripper and onto the gripped fuel directed.
  • Another camera can be fixed on the end of the shaft in which the fuel is used.
  • a pivotable camera can also be provided alternately observed both locations, or it is particularly in one automated gripper provided that he in the field of view of the Butcher-facing camera is relocated.
  • Image observation units arranged, for example, to the combustion watch or for more information on the calorific value or to determine its density, in particular to determine the probability of occurrence Increase the forecast and gradually decrease its statistical variance.
  • the device according to the invention is advantageous for carrying out the method according to the invention, in particular in a waste incineration plant, suitable.
  • a waste incineration plant 1 is shown schematically in FIG. 1.
  • the Fuel 10 is on a traveling grate 12, which the fuel 10 in the drawing from left to right.
  • the flames 14 give theirs Heat and their flue gases in the flue 16 of a boiler 18.
  • the Embers bed is observed from above by a first camera 20, the flame of lateral optical sensors 22, which are followed by spectral analyzers are, as well as from another camera 24, which mainly the Burnout area monitored.
  • the fuel 10 is fed in batches from the lower one by means of a slide 26 End of a supply shaft 28 promoted to the grate.
  • the shaft 28 will by means of a gripper 30, suspended from a bridge 32 above a bunker 33, also loaded in batches.
  • Another camera 34 which is suspended from bridge 32, for example, is arranged above the filling opening of the shaft 28. It is preferably as CCD camera, whose pixels are parallel or sequential be read out.
  • the outputs of the camera 34 are one Analyzer connected, which is indicated schematically and designated 35 is. From the captured image data, such as color, outline, texture, graininess and others, conclusions can be drawn about the calorific value of the waste.
  • the gripper 30 is with a schematically indicated weight sensor 36 provided, the measured values also supplied to the analyzer 35 become.
  • the analysis device 35 comprises a computer unit and is a learning device System built. After commissioning, the output data are first of the device with the actually determined calorific values - determined e.g. based the steam output of the boiler 18 - compared, so that the device 35th Collects empirical values and preferably by means of a neural network gradually determining the actual calorific value from the image data and comes closer and closer to the weight of the grab batch.
  • the gripper 30 can also be equipped with a corresponding camera, each on it recorded batch is directed. This gives the opportunity to gripper 30 over the Bunker 33 to proceed so that a batch of suitable appearance as next is inserted in the shaft 28.
  • the embodiment in the bunker 33 is such pivotable CCD camera 38 provided that the entire surface of the waste 10 provided as fuel 10 can be observed.
  • the analysis device 35 can then take into account the dead time for the Passing a batch through the shaft 28 the expected calorific value for the batch used up to the last can be determined, thereby optimizing the combustion parameters over a longer period of time and in advance is enabled and accordingly jumps are avoided.
  • Fig. 2 shows a block diagram of the components of the control of Combustion parameters.
  • the image observation units namely the Camera 20, sensors 22, camera 24 and camera 34 are with their Connected outputs to the analyzer 35. Furthermore, the output of the Weight sensor 36 connected to the analyzer 35.
  • the analyzer 35 which has an integrated computer unit, actuates the 40 designated actuators for setting the combustion parameters. Further is an external trigger signal from the gripper 30 to the analysis device 35 connected, which is a representative of the operating state of the gripper 30 Emits signal.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
EP00109028A 1999-04-28 2000-04-27 Procédé et dispositif de contrôle de la combustion d' un combustible avec un pouvoir calorifique variable Withdrawn EP1048900A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19919222A DE19919222C1 (de) 1999-04-28 1999-04-28 Verfahren zum Steuern der Verbrennung von Brennstoff mit variablem Heizwert
DE19919222 1999-04-28

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EP1048900A1 true EP1048900A1 (fr) 2000-11-02

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EP (1) EP1048900A1 (fr)
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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2001065178A1 (fr) * 2000-02-28 2001-09-07 Nederlandse Organisatie Voor Toegepast-Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek Tno Systeme de combustion thermique de matiere, telle que des dechets
WO2002046661A1 (fr) * 2000-12-08 2002-06-13 Von Roll Umwelttechnik Ag Procede permettant de faire fonctionner une installation d"incineration d"ordures menageres
ITMI20102065A1 (it) * 2010-11-08 2012-05-09 Amsa S P A Societa Per Azioni Co N Socio Unico Sistema di controllo del carico e della combustione, per impianti di combustione dei rifiuti.
WO2017009158A1 (fr) * 2015-07-15 2017-01-19 Thyssenkrupp Industrial Solutions Ag Procédé de réglage d'un processus de combustion
EP3467380A4 (fr) * 2016-06-06 2020-01-22 Hitachi Zosen Corporation Dispositif et procédé d'actionnement de grue à déchets
CN110925771A (zh) * 2019-12-17 2020-03-27 江西南方锅炉股份有限公司 一种防腐能力强的城市垃圾焚烧炉
EP3660397A4 (fr) * 2017-07-31 2020-06-03 Ebara Environmental Plant Co., Ltd. Dispositif, système, programme, procédé et structure de données d'estimation de composition de déchets
EP3842693A4 (fr) * 2018-08-23 2021-09-15 Ebara Environmental Plant Co., Ltd. Dispositif, programme et procédé de traitement d'informations
WO2021235464A1 (fr) * 2020-05-22 2021-11-25 荏原環境プラント株式会社 Dispositif, programme et procédé de traitement d'informations
EP4332435A1 (fr) * 2022-09-05 2024-03-06 WasteAnt GmbH Détermination de valeur calorifique

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10302175B4 (de) * 2003-01-22 2005-12-29 Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh Verfahren zur Erkennung und Identifikation von Brennzonen
DE102004050098B4 (de) 2004-10-14 2007-05-31 Martin GmbH für Umwelt- und Energietechnik Verbrennungsanlage, insbesondere Abfallverbrennungsanlage
DE102005008893B4 (de) * 2005-02-26 2007-04-19 Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh Verfahren zur Erhöhung des Gebindedurchsatzes in Drehrohranlagen
DE102010031528B4 (de) * 2010-07-19 2013-04-25 Klaus Seeger System zur Bestimmung eines Energiegehalts eines festen Brennstoffs und Verwendung des Systems
DE102010031981A1 (de) * 2010-07-22 2012-01-26 Rolf Lais Müllverbrennungsanlage und Verfahren zum Betreiben einer solchen
WO2013107509A1 (fr) * 2012-01-18 2013-07-25 Heinrich Unland Système permettant de déterminer la valeur énergétique d'un combustible

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DE419144C (de) 1924-11-16 1925-09-22 Julius Pintsch Akt Ges Einrichtung fuer Gasverdichtungsanlagen
EP0317731A1 (fr) 1987-10-24 1989-05-31 Kurt-Henry Dipl.-Ing. Mindermann Procédé de contrôle de la combustion de carburant possédant un pouvoir calorifique fortement variable
EP0352620A2 (fr) 1988-07-29 1990-01-31 MARTIN GmbH für Umwelt- und Energietechnik Méthode et dispositif de régulation de la puissance de combustion d'installations de combustion
DE4220149A1 (de) 1992-06-19 1993-12-23 Steinmueller Gmbh L & C Verfahren zum Regeln der Verbrennung von Brennstoff auf einem Rost einer Feuerungsanlage und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
JPH07119946A (ja) * 1993-10-22 1995-05-12 Sumitomo Heavy Ind Ltd ごみ焼却炉
JPH07301413A (ja) * 1994-04-29 1995-11-14 Kawasaki Heavy Ind Ltd ごみ焼却炉のごみ性状推定方法および推定装置
EP0718553A1 (fr) * 1994-12-22 1996-06-26 ABB Management AG Méthode pour combustion d'ordures
JPH0960842A (ja) * 1995-08-22 1997-03-04 Ebara Corp ごみの落下量算出手段を有する流動床式焼却装置

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE419144C (de) 1924-11-16 1925-09-22 Julius Pintsch Akt Ges Einrichtung fuer Gasverdichtungsanlagen
EP0317731A1 (fr) 1987-10-24 1989-05-31 Kurt-Henry Dipl.-Ing. Mindermann Procédé de contrôle de la combustion de carburant possédant un pouvoir calorifique fortement variable
EP0352620A2 (fr) 1988-07-29 1990-01-31 MARTIN GmbH für Umwelt- und Energietechnik Méthode et dispositif de régulation de la puissance de combustion d'installations de combustion
DE4220149A1 (de) 1992-06-19 1993-12-23 Steinmueller Gmbh L & C Verfahren zum Regeln der Verbrennung von Brennstoff auf einem Rost einer Feuerungsanlage und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
JPH07119946A (ja) * 1993-10-22 1995-05-12 Sumitomo Heavy Ind Ltd ごみ焼却炉
JPH07301413A (ja) * 1994-04-29 1995-11-14 Kawasaki Heavy Ind Ltd ごみ焼却炉のごみ性状推定方法および推定装置
EP0718553A1 (fr) * 1994-12-22 1996-06-26 ABB Management AG Méthode pour combustion d'ordures
JPH0960842A (ja) * 1995-08-22 1997-03-04 Ebara Corp ごみの落下量算出手段を有する流動床式焼却装置

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PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 1995, no. 08 29 September 1995 (1995-09-29) *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 1996, no. 03 29 March 1996 (1996-03-29) *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 1997, no. 07 31 July 1997 (1997-07-31) *

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2001065178A1 (fr) * 2000-02-28 2001-09-07 Nederlandse Organisatie Voor Toegepast-Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek Tno Systeme de combustion thermique de matiere, telle que des dechets
WO2002046661A1 (fr) * 2000-12-08 2002-06-13 Von Roll Umwelttechnik Ag Procede permettant de faire fonctionner une installation d"incineration d"ordures menageres
US6752093B2 (en) 2000-12-08 2004-06-22 Von Roll Umwelttechnik Ag Method for operating a refuse incineration plant
CH694823A5 (de) * 2000-12-08 2005-07-29 Von Roll Umwelttechnik Ag Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Müllverbrennungsanlage.
ITMI20102065A1 (it) * 2010-11-08 2012-05-09 Amsa S P A Societa Per Azioni Co N Socio Unico Sistema di controllo del carico e della combustione, per impianti di combustione dei rifiuti.
WO2017009158A1 (fr) * 2015-07-15 2017-01-19 Thyssenkrupp Industrial Solutions Ag Procédé de réglage d'un processus de combustion
EP3467380A4 (fr) * 2016-06-06 2020-01-22 Hitachi Zosen Corporation Dispositif et procédé d'actionnement de grue à déchets
EP3467380B1 (fr) 2016-06-06 2021-02-24 Hitachi Zosen Corporation Dispositif et procédé d'actionnement de grue à déchets
EP3660397A4 (fr) * 2017-07-31 2020-06-03 Ebara Environmental Plant Co., Ltd. Dispositif, système, programme, procédé et structure de données d'estimation de composition de déchets
RU2733556C1 (ru) * 2017-07-31 2020-10-05 Ибара Энвайронментал Плант Ко., Лтд. Устройство, система, запоминающее устройство, способ и структура данных для оценки состава отходов
EP3660397B1 (fr) 2017-07-31 2021-04-21 Ebara Environmental Plant Co., Ltd. Dispositif, système, programme, procédé et structure de données d'estimation de composition de déchets
EP3842693A4 (fr) * 2018-08-23 2021-09-15 Ebara Environmental Plant Co., Ltd. Dispositif, programme et procédé de traitement d'informations
CN110925771A (zh) * 2019-12-17 2020-03-27 江西南方锅炉股份有限公司 一种防腐能力强的城市垃圾焚烧炉
CN110925771B (zh) * 2019-12-17 2021-06-11 江西南方锅炉股份有限公司 一种防腐能力强的城市垃圾焚烧炉
WO2021235464A1 (fr) * 2020-05-22 2021-11-25 荏原環境プラント株式会社 Dispositif, programme et procédé de traitement d'informations
EP4332435A1 (fr) * 2022-09-05 2024-03-06 WasteAnt GmbH Détermination de valeur calorifique

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