EP0714322A1 - Material crushing process and device - Google Patents

Material crushing process and device

Info

Publication number
EP0714322A1
EP0714322A1 EP94924882A EP94924882A EP0714322A1 EP 0714322 A1 EP0714322 A1 EP 0714322A1 EP 94924882 A EP94924882 A EP 94924882A EP 94924882 A EP94924882 A EP 94924882A EP 0714322 A1 EP0714322 A1 EP 0714322A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
knives
cutting
indicates
housing
cutting element
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP94924882A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0714322B1 (en
Inventor
Manfred Gimmy
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
KR Pfiffner AG
Original Assignee
KR Pfiffner AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by KR Pfiffner AG filed Critical KR Pfiffner AG
Publication of EP0714322A1 publication Critical patent/EP0714322A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0714322B1 publication Critical patent/EP0714322B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/02—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with reciprocating knives
    • B02C18/04—Details
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/02—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with reciprocating knives

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device and a method for comminuting materials such as industrial materials or materials that can be comminuted from private households.
  • the present invention relates to the shredding of hard-to-process waste, such as that from machining, e.g. B. chips, check cards, tapes and the like.
  • the present invention has therefore set itself the task of creating a device with the help of comminutable industrial and material from the home can be crushed in a very simple and reliable manner, while also ensuring that the cleaning of the device, for. B. when changing the supplied material to be crushed, is possible in a very convenient manner.
  • a device for comminuting materials consisting of a housing and accommodated in the housing cutting elements to be moved towards one another, the cutting elements consisting of rows of knives which are spaced apart and intermesh like an comb at an upwardly widening angle, and the knives simultaneously perform a scissor movement and, with the aid of a crank drive, a pivoting movement about an axis.
  • the comminution process takes place as follows: The cutting strips which interlock with one another are moved towards one another with scissors at a relatively low frequency, as a result of which the material is compacted in the upper region of the V-shaped insertion wedge. Compacted material requires less space and therefore gets into the lower part of the insertion wedge until it is gripped and cut or broken by the cutting strips. Since the process can be relatively slow, no excessive forces are required for the pivoting movement, so that this can basically be done by hand.
  • the knives also move up and down due to the crank mechanism, the angle between the knives decreasing during the downward movement and the material to be shredded being drawn into the cutting area.
  • the cutting movement and the swiveling movement generated simultaneously according to the invention can basically be effected in two ways.
  • the knives can be combined via a frame and rigidly connected to one another, the frame being articulated on a shaft via one or more lower webs, so that the web is forcibly rotated around the shaft and the knives are also on a circular path when they are moved towards one another be pivoted to the radius of the web length.
  • Another very significant advantage of the solution according to the invention is that the cutting tool can be removed very conveniently from the device, which considerably simplifies tool changing or cleaning of the device. Since the cutting bar combs pass through each other openly downwards, they can simply be pulled out after loosening its upper bearing.
  • Wipers protruding into the spaces between them can be assigned to the cutter bars, e.g. are attached to the opposite housing walls.
  • the invention is not restricted to flat cutting elements lying opposite one another; the elements can be designed to be angular or rounded along the cutting line.
  • the cutting area also has a deepest point in the center. All that is required is to mount the knife bars of the second element so that they can move individually. In addition to the low working frequency, a relatively short swiveling movement for the comminution is sufficient in most cases, so that the devices can be made small. Because e.g. B. the chips are produced continuously when turning, and small individual quantities are also to be shredded when using such a device in the household, and short-term processing of large volumes is not required, even small single-user solutions can be achieved inexpensively.
  • the motor advantageously drives an eccentric to which the upper edge of the frame of the first cutting element is preferably connected at both ends, and preferably both cutting elements are moved towards one another.
  • Such a drive is structurally inexpensive and of high durability.
  • the above-mentioned springing back of the material to be comminuted can further be reduced by barbed tooth rows with horizontal tooth flanks arranged above the cutting strips, which hold down the material during compacting and at the same time additionally deform it.
  • the second cutting element which can be pushed through the first is advantageously detachably connected to the housing wall in order to remove it for cleaning purposes. This can be done at the end of the upper bracket of the second cutting element z.
  • spring-loaded bolts can be provided which engage in corresponding blind holes provided on the end of the holder, or the second element is simply plugged onto the holder.
  • the first cutting element can also be releasably connected to its mounting and its drive.
  • a second possibility of superimposing the cutting movement and the swiveling movement generated by the crank is to mount the knives on a crankshaft and to support the former instead of against the arms which are in contact with the outside on both sides near the cutting engagement instead of against the rotatably mounted web or the leg connecting a cutting comb below .
  • Eccentrics can be provided for each knife on the crankshaft, so that e.g. with an offset of 90 ° only every fourth knife (e.g. of about 20) runs with identical movement.
  • the arms can be supported against the housing by means of gas pressure springs, so that they back away in the event of an overload and prevent the knives from being destroyed.
  • the knives can preferably have a saw shape and / or can be bulged toward the cutting space.
  • a drawer is provided underneath the knives to catch the emerging small items.
  • Several drawers can be arranged one above the other, so that when the material to be shredded is changed (change from plastic to food scraps or cardboard etc.), different drawers can also be inserted in which the goods can be collected.
  • the motor for the knife drive is preferably equipped with an overload safety device which switches it off when the power consumption is too high, which is necessary when parts which cannot be shredded are accidentally entered in order to protect the knife bar from destruction.
  • the fuse is designed so that after stopping the cutting movement, the cutting elements in the starting position, i. H. the largest opening angle.
  • the knife bar can be assigned in the spaces protruding scrapers z. B. are attached to the opposite housing walls.
  • Figure 1 shows this in three-dimensional representation
  • FIG. 2 shows a functional diagram
  • FIG. 3 shows an embodiment with a crank mechanism on both sides
  • the device consists of a housing 1 with the two cutting elements 2, 3 arranged therein.
  • the cutting elements each have rows of knife bars 4 which reach through in the lower region and thus form a series of scissors.
  • the first cutting element 2 shown on the left in FIG. 1 has a frame 5 to which the cutter bars are fastened, the cutter bars of the second cutting element 3 shown on the right resting on the lower leg 6 of the frame 5 or pressed against the latter during the cutting process become.
  • the first cutting element 2 has webs 7 fastened to the frame on both sides, which are mounted on a shaft 16 and shift the axis of rotation backwards relative to the lower edge of the frame 5 to the housing wall, so that the first element tilts about the shaft 16, caused an upward or downward movement simultaneously with the change in angle.
  • the second cutting element 3 is open at the bottom and can be inserted between the knife bars 4 of the first cutting element 2 or pulled out of them.
  • the second cutting element 3 is pivotally mounted at the upper end on the opposite housing walls via a shaft 17, the connection with the housing wall, eg. B. by externally engaging in blind holes spring pins (not shown) to be able to pull out the second cutting element 3 after opening the lid 14 for cleaning the knife and / or the interior.
  • the shaft 17 (together with the cutting element 3) is inserted into the housing or a holder attached to it.
  • Above the cutting elements 2, 3 are co-moving tooth rows 11 with horizontal tooth flanks 15, which are inclined downward and hold good filled in like a barb.
  • the teeth can in particular be closer to each other than shown and can also interlock to compact and shape the material to be shredded before being gripped by the cutter bars.
  • the first cutting element 2 can be pivoted about the axis 16 via an eccentric drive 10, which is connected to the axis 19 via a connecting rod 18 and set in motion by a motor drive 9.
  • the motor 9 can be located in its own motor box 20.
  • the cover 14 is pivotally mounted on the housing in bearings 22.
  • the motor box 20 is also pivotable through bearings 22.
  • This motor box 20 is connected to the first cutting element 2 via the eccentric drive 10 in such a way that when the cover 14 is pivoted back, the pins 21 bring the first cutting element 2 out of the vertical position into a illustrated rearward position in order to form the largest possible filling space.
  • the pins 21 can be withdrawn and the motor housing 20 and thus the cutting element 2 can be placed downwards or vertically.
  • Collection containers in the form of drawers 12, into which the comminuted material falls, can be provided below the cutting elements, wherein the different materials, interchangeable drawers, are also possible.
  • Movable or rigid wipers 13 can be assigned to the cutter bars 4 via their own brackets 21.
  • Figure 2 shows the two interlocking cutting elements 2 and 3, the first being rotatable about the point P-j, which lies outside the plane of the element, so that all points of the element are circular paths K-
  • the element 3 is pivotable about P2, all points describe circular paths K2 with a predominantly horizontal component when the cutting angle ⁇ is changed, the knives of the element resting on the leg 6 of the first element, i. H. are pressed against the material to be cut.
  • a circular path K2 'can also be produced if the pivot point P2 is moved to P2' via an additional lever in order to also convey a larger downward component to the second cutting element 3.
  • P2 and P2 'can also be lower than shown, in order, for. B. to strengthen the compacting before cutting.
  • the force A applied for crushing acts on the top of the first cutting element A (eccentric drive).
  • An additional drive A 'of the second element is possible, but requires its disassembly before pulling out.
  • both rows of knives in rotation at their upper ends and to continue to provide each of them with lower units, which opens up the possibility of the units dodging when a predetermined force is exceeded. If such a case occurs, the rows of knives with the systems also move outside and open the cutting gap, so that comminuted material (for example with hardnesses close to or greater than the knife hardness) can exit downwards without damaging the knives.
  • 3 shows a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, in which the opposing, intermeshing rows of knives 4 (only the left row is shown for the sake of clarity) are mounted on the head side in an eccentric shaft 23, each of which has a Chain 28 are driven by the motors 29.
  • the eccentrics can, for example, be arranged offset from one another by 90 °.
  • the knives 4 can be curved as shown, i.e. bulged inwards and provided with teeth 24.
  • the knives are each against outer swivel arms 25, which are supported by gas springs 30, the spring pressure being matched to the strength of the knives, so that they can retreat in the event of an overload.
  • saw discs 26 which are located in the gaps formed by the intermeshing of the knives and whose diameter and arrangement of the axes 32 are selected such that they cover the knives 4 when they move downward and protrude into the cutting space 27 when they are pulled out and in this way shred even against the knives 4 adhering to this material and, on the other hand, clean them and convey the material downwards.
  • the saw discs 26 can also be supported by the gas springs, they are driven by chains 28, 28 'via the eccentric shaft 23. Furthermore, as shown, the arm 25 and the saw disc axes 32 can rest on a pivotable support pair 33 arranged on both sides of the knives 4, and in addition the saw discs 26 can be connected to a slip clutch 31 so that they stop briefly and after stripping by the knives 4 again be operated.
  • Motor drive 0 eccentric drive 1 rows of teeth 2 drawers 3 wipers 4 covers 5 tooth flanks 6, 17 shafts 8 connecting rod 9 axis (bolt) 0 motor case 1 drive pin 2 bearings for cover 14 and motor case 20 (with ratchet) 3 eccentric shaft 4 teeth 5 swivel arms 6 saw discs 7 cutting area 8, 28 'chain 9 motors 0 gas springs 1 slip clutch 2 saw disc axles 3 beams

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)
  • Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)
  • Formation And Processing Of Food Products (AREA)
  • Crushing And Grinding (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Shovels (AREA)
  • Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)

Abstract

PCT No. PCT/EP94/02741 Sec. 371 Date Mar. 25, 1996 Sec. 102(e) Date Mar. 25, 1996 PCT Filed Aug. 18, 1994 PCT Pub. No. WO95/05898 PCT Pub. Date Mar. 2, 1995A material comminution device has a housing. Cutters extend within the housing and move toward each other in a scissor-like manner. The cutters extend parallel to each other along a bottom portion and diverge along a top portion, and consist of comb-like rows of spaced blades that mesh with each other. The blades carry out at the same time a shearing movement and a swivelling movement around an axis by means of a crank mechanism.

Description

Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Zerkleinern von Materialien Device and method for comminuting materials
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung und ein Verfahren zum Zer¬ kleinern von Materialien wie industrielle oder aus privaten Haushalten stammende zerkleinerungsfähige Stoffe. Insbesondere betrifft die vorliegende Erfindung das Zerkleinern von schwer aufzuarbeitenden Abfällen, wie solchen aus der spanen¬ den Bearbeitung, z. B. Drehspäne, Scheckkarten, Tonbänder und dergleichen.The present invention relates to a device and a method for comminuting materials such as industrial materials or materials that can be comminuted from private households. In particular, the present invention relates to the shredding of hard-to-process waste, such as that from machining, e.g. B. chips, check cards, tapes and the like.
Drehspäne stellen insofern ein Problem dar, als diese großvolumig anfallen und somit beim Entsorgen, d. h. der Rückführung in die Stahlgewinnung erheblichen Transportraum beanspruchen.Turning chips are a problem insofar as they are large in volume and therefore during disposal, i.e. H. the return to steel production take up considerable transport space.
Man hat daher schon versucht, die wolleartig anfallenden Späne zu zerkleinern, z. B. mit rotierenden Messern zu zerreißen, was deswegen nicht zum gewünsch¬ ten Erfolg führt, weil einmal die Zuführung in den Einwirkungsbereich der Messer Schwierigkeiten macht, da das Material stark zurückfedert, zum anderen aber auch die schnellaufenden Messer durch die Metallspäne klemmen.Attempts have therefore already been made to shred the wool-like chips, e.g. B. to tear with rotating knives, which does not lead to the desired success, because feeding into the area of action of the knives is difficult because the material springs back strongly, but also clamps the high-speed knives through the metal chips.
Tonbänder oder ähnliche filmartigen Gegenstände neigen dazu, sich um die Zer¬ kleinerungsorgane zu wickeln, was zu häufigen Unterbrechungen führt.Tapes or similar film-like objects tend to wrap around the crushing organs, which leads to frequent interruptions.
Ähnliche Probleme treten bei der Zerkleinerung von Haushaltsabfall auf, weswe¬ gen funktionsfähige Kleingeräte nicht auf dem Markt sind.Similar problems occur with the shredding of household waste, which is why small functional devices are not on the market.
Die vorliegende Erfindung hat sich daher die Aufgabe gestellt, eine Vorrichtung zu schaffen, mit deren Hilfe zerkleinerungsfähiges industrielles und Material aus dem Privathaushalt auf sehr einfache und zuverlässige Weise zerkleinert werden kann, wobei weiterhin auch sichergestellt ist, daß die Reinigung des Gerätes, z. B. bei Wechsel des zugeführten zu zerkleinernden Materials, auf sehr bequeme Weise möglich ist.The present invention has therefore set itself the task of creating a device with the help of comminutable industrial and material from the home can be crushed in a very simple and reliable manner, while also ensuring that the cleaning of the device, for. B. when changing the supplied material to be crushed, is possible in a very convenient manner.
Die Lösung dieser Aufgabe gelingt bei einer Vorrichtung zum Zerkleinern von Materialien, bestehend aus einem Gehäuse sowie in diesem untergebrachten aufeinanderzubeweglichen Schneidelementen, wobei die Schneidelemente aus beabstandeten und sich unter einem nach oben erweiternden Winkel kammartig ineinandergreifenden Reihen von Messern bestehen, und die Messer gleichzeitig eine Scherenbewegung als auch mit Hilfe eines Kurbeltriebes eine Schwenkbe¬ wegung um eine Achse ausführen.This object is achieved in a device for comminuting materials, consisting of a housing and accommodated in the housing cutting elements to be moved towards one another, the cutting elements consisting of rows of knives which are spaced apart and intermesh like an comb at an upwardly widening angle, and the knives simultaneously perform a scissor movement and, with the aid of a crank drive, a pivoting movement about an axis.
Der Zerkleinerungsvorgang geht dabei folgendermaßen vor sich: Die kammartig ineinandergreifenden Schneidleisten werden mit verhältnismäßig niedriger Fre¬ quenz scherenartig aufeinander zubewegt, wodurch im oberen Bereich des v- förmigen Einführungskeils das Material kompaktiert wird. Kompaktiertes Material verursacht geringeren Platzbedarf und gerät daher in den tieferen Teil des Ein¬ fuhrkeils soweit, bis es von den Schneidleisten ergriffen und geschnitten oder gebrochen wird. Da der Vorgang relativ langsam vor sich gehen kann, sind auch keine allzu großen Kräfte für die Schwenkbewegung erforderlich, so daß diese grundsätzlich von Hand vorgenommen werden kann.The comminution process takes place as follows: The cutting strips which interlock with one another are moved towards one another with scissors at a relatively low frequency, as a result of which the material is compacted in the upper region of the V-shaped insertion wedge. Compacted material requires less space and therefore gets into the lower part of the insertion wedge until it is gripped and cut or broken by the cutting strips. Since the process can be relatively slow, no excessive forces are required for the pivoting movement, so that this can basically be done by hand.
Gleichzeitig mit der Scherenbewegung erfolgt aber auch wegen des Kurbeltriebes eine Auf- und Abbewegung der Messer, wobei sich der Winkel zwischen den Messern bei der Abwärtsbewegung verkleinert und das zu zerkleinernde Gut dabei in den Schneidbereich mit hineinzieht.At the same time as the scissors move, the knives also move up and down due to the crank mechanism, the angle between the knives decreasing during the downward movement and the material to be shredded being drawn into the cutting area.
Die erfindungsgemäß gleichzeitig ablaufende Schneid- und über die Kurbel erzeugte Schwenkbewegung kann grundsätzlich auf zweierlei Weise bewirkt wer¬ den. Einmal können die Messer über einen Rahmen zusammengefaßt und jeweils starr miteinander verbunden werden, wobei der Rahmen über einen oder mehrere untere Stege an einer Welle angelenkt ist, so daß bei Aufeinanderzubewegung zwangsweise der Steg um die Welle gedreht wird und die Messer ebenso auf einer Kreisbahn mit dem Radius der Steglänge geschwenkt werden. Bei dieser Lösung ist vorteilhaft, den mit dem Steg (starr) verbundenen Rahmen über einen unteren Schenkel zu schließen und die Messer des gegenüberliegenden Rah¬ mens die des ersten kammartig durchgreifen zu lassen und auf dem unteren Schenkel aufliegen zu lassen. Ein weiterer, ganz wesentlicher Vorteil der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung besteht darin, daß das Schneidwerkzeug sehr bequem der Vorrichtung entnommen wer¬ den kann, was den Werkzeugwechsel, oder die Reinigung der Vorrichtung erheb¬ lich erleichtert. Da die Schneidleistenkämme einander nach unten offen durchgrei¬ fen, können sie nach Lösen seiner oberen Lagerung einfach herausgezogen wer¬ den.The cutting movement and the swiveling movement generated simultaneously according to the invention can basically be effected in two ways. On the one hand, the knives can be combined via a frame and rigidly connected to one another, the frame being articulated on a shaft via one or more lower webs, so that the web is forcibly rotated around the shaft and the knives are also on a circular path when they are moved towards one another be pivoted to the radius of the web length. In this solution, it is advantageous to close the frame (rigidly) connected to the web via a lower leg and to let the knives of the opposite frame reach through like those of the first and to rest on the lower leg. Another very significant advantage of the solution according to the invention is that the cutting tool can be removed very conveniently from the device, which considerably simplifies tool changing or cleaning of the device. Since the cutting bar combs pass through each other openly downwards, they can simply be pulled out after loosening its upper bearing.
Den Messerbalken können in deren Zwischenräume hineinragende Abstreifer zugeordnet werden, die z.B. an den gegenüberliegenden Gehäusewandungen befestigt sind.Wipers protruding into the spaces between them can be assigned to the cutter bars, e.g. are attached to the opposite housing walls.
Die Erfindung ist nicht auf sich gegenüberliegende, ebene Schneidelemente beschränkt, die Elemente können entlang der Schneidlinie winklig oder ausgerun¬ det ausgebildet sein, wobei z. B. auch der Schneidbereich mittig einen tiefsten Punkt aufweist. Dazu ist lediglich erforderlich, die Messerbalken des zweiten Ele¬ ments einzeln beweglich zu lagern. Neben der niedrigen Arbeitsfrequenz ist auch eine relativ kurze Schwenkbewegung für die Zerkleinerung in den meisten Fällen ausreichend, so daß die Vorrichtungen klein gebaut werden können. Da z. B. beim Drehen die Späne kontinuierlich anfallen, und ebenso bei Verwendung einer solchen Vorrichtung im Haushalt kleine Einzelmengen zu Zerkleinern sind, und eine kurzfristige Verarbeitung großer Volumina nicht erforderlich ist, können auch kleine Einzelplatzlösungen kostengünstig erzielt werden.The invention is not restricted to flat cutting elements lying opposite one another; the elements can be designed to be angular or rounded along the cutting line. B. the cutting area also has a deepest point in the center. All that is required is to mount the knife bars of the second element so that they can move individually. In addition to the low working frequency, a relatively short swiveling movement for the comminution is sufficient in most cases, so that the devices can be made small. Because e.g. B. the chips are produced continuously when turning, and small individual quantities are also to be shredded when using such a device in the household, and short-term processing of large volumes is not required, even small single-user solutions can be achieved inexpensively.
Ebenso ist an die Motorleistung keine hohe Anforderung zu stellen, da sehr hohe Übersetzungsverhältnisse möglich sind, vorteilhafterweise treibt dabei der Motor einen Exzenter, mit dem die Oberkante des Rahmens des ersten Schneidele¬ ments vorzugsweise beidendig verbunden ist und wobei vorzugsweise beide Schneidelemente aufeinander zubewegt werden. Ein derartiger Antrieb ist kon¬ struktiv wenig aufwendig und von hoher Dauerhaftigkeit.Likewise, high demands are not placed on the engine power, since very high transmission ratios are possible; the motor advantageously drives an eccentric to which the upper edge of the frame of the first cutting element is preferably connected at both ends, and preferably both cutting elements are moved towards one another. Such a drive is structurally inexpensive and of high durability.
Das oben erwähnte Zurückfedern des zu zerkleinernden Guts kann erfindungs¬ gemäß weiterhin durch oberhalb der Schneidleisten angeordnete, widerhaken¬ förmige Zahnreihen mit waagerechten Zahnflanken verringert werden, die das Gut beim Kompaktieren niederhalten und gleichzeitig zusätzlich verformen. Das zweite durch das erste hindurchsteckbare Schneidelement ist vorteilhaft lös¬ bar mit der Gehäusewandung verbunden, um dieses zu Reinigungszwecken ent¬ nehmen zu kommen. Dazu können endseitig an der oberen Halterung des zweiten Schneidelements z. B. federbelastete Bolzen vorgesehen sein, die in ent¬ sprechende, endseitig an der Halterung angebrachte Sacklöcher eingreifen, oder das zweite Element ist einfach auf die Halterung gesteckt.According to the invention, the above-mentioned springing back of the material to be comminuted can further be reduced by barbed tooth rows with horizontal tooth flanks arranged above the cutting strips, which hold down the material during compacting and at the same time additionally deform it. The second cutting element which can be pushed through the first is advantageously detachably connected to the housing wall in order to remove it for cleaning purposes. This can be done at the end of the upper bracket of the second cutting element z. For example, spring-loaded bolts can be provided which engage in corresponding blind holes provided on the end of the holder, or the second element is simply plugged onto the holder.
Auch das erste Schneidelement kann lösbar mit seiner Lagerung und seinem Antrieb verbunden sein.The first cutting element can also be releasably connected to its mounting and its drive.
Eine zweite Möglichkeit der Überlagerung von Schneid- und über die Kurbel erzeugte Schwenkbewegung besteht darin, die Messer auf einer Kurbelwelle zu lagern und erstere anstatt gegen den drehbar gelagerten Steg bzw. den einen Schneidkamm unten verbindenden Schenkel gegen beidseitig nahe dem Schneideingriff von außen anliegende Arme abzustützen. Dabei können auf der Kurbelwelle für jedes Messer eigene Exzenter vorgesehen sein, so daß z.B. bei Versatz um je 90° nur jedes vierte Messer (von z.B. etwa 20) mit identischer Bewegung läuft.A second possibility of superimposing the cutting movement and the swiveling movement generated by the crank is to mount the knives on a crankshaft and to support the former instead of against the arms which are in contact with the outside on both sides near the cutting engagement instead of against the rotatably mounted web or the leg connecting a cutting comb below . Eccentrics can be provided for each knife on the crankshaft, so that e.g. with an offset of 90 ° only every fourth knife (e.g. of about 20) runs with identical movement.
Die Arme können über Gasdruckfedern gegen das Gehäuse abgestützt werden, so daß diese bei Überlast zurückweichen und eine Zerstörung der Messer verhin¬ dern.The arms can be supported against the housing by means of gas pressure springs, so that they back away in the event of an overload and prevent the knives from being destroyed.
Vorzugsweise können hier wie auch bei der oben geschilderten Ausführungsform die Messer eine Sägeform aufweisen und/oder zum Schneidraum hin ausge¬ baucht sein.Here, as in the embodiment described above, the knives can preferably have a saw shape and / or can be bulged toward the cutting space.
Weiterhin besteht eine weitere wesentliche Verbesserung der vorliegenden Erfin¬ dung in zwischen den Messern anzuordnenden Sägescheiben. Diese durchgrei¬ fen die zwischen den Messern zur Aufnahme der gegenüberliegenden notwendi¬ gerweise vorhandenen Lücken und sind so bemessen und gelagert, daß die Zähne der Sägescheiben die Messer bei deren Zurückbewegen überragen, anhaf¬ tende Teile abstreifen, ggfls. gegen die Messer zerkleinern und nach unten in den Schneidbereich abführen, d.h. der Drehsinn der Zahnscheiben ist gegenüberlie¬ gend ungleich.Furthermore, there is a further substantial improvement of the present invention in saw disks to be arranged between the knives. These pass through the gaps between the knives for receiving the opposite gaps, and are dimensioned and mounted in such a way that the teeth of the saw discs protrude beyond the knives as they move back, scraping off adhering parts, if necessary. crush against the knives and down into the Remove the cutting area, ie the direction of rotation of the toothed disks is unequal.
Bei der Zusammenführung der Messer und dem dabei erfolgenden Schwenken nach innen und unten bewegen sich die Messerwieder über die Sägescheiben hinaus und streifen gegebenenfalls an den Scheiben anhaftendes Gut von diesen wieder ab, so daß die Messer und die Sägescheiben sich abwechselnd gegensei¬ tig reinigen.When the knives are brought together and swiveled inwards and downwards, the knives again move beyond the saw disks and, if necessary, wipe off any material adhering to the disks, so that the knives and the saw disks alternately clean each other.
Unterhalb der Messer ist eine Schublade vorgesehen, die das austretende Klein¬ gut auffängt. Es können mehrere Schubladen übereinander angeordnet werden, so daß bei Wechsel des zu zerkleinernden Materials (Wechsel von Kunststoff auf Nahrungsmittelreste oder Karton etc.) auch unterschiedliche Schubladen einführ¬ bar sind, in denen das Gut gesammelt werden kann.A drawer is provided underneath the knives to catch the emerging small items. Several drawers can be arranged one above the other, so that when the material to be shredded is changed (change from plastic to food scraps or cardboard etc.), different drawers can also be inserted in which the goods can be collected.
Der Motor für den Messerantrieb ist vorzugsweise mit einer Überlastsicherung ausgestattet, die diesen bei zu hoher Leistungsaufnahme abschaltet, was dann erforderlich ist, wenn versehentlich nicht zu zerkleinernde Teile mit eingegeben werden, um hierdurch die Messerbalken vor Zerstörung zu schützen.The motor for the knife drive is preferably equipped with an overload safety device which switches it off when the power consumption is too high, which is necessary when parts which cannot be shredded are accidentally entered in order to protect the knife bar from destruction.
Darüberhinaus ist die Sicherung so ausgelegt, daß nach dem Stoppen der Schneidbewegung die Schneideiemente in die Ausgangsstellung, d. h. den grö߬ ten Öffnungswinkel, zurückgefahren werden.In addition, the fuse is designed so that after stopping the cutting movement, the cutting elements in the starting position, i. H. the largest opening angle.
Den Messerbalken können in deren Zwischenräume hineinragende Abstreifer zugeordnet werden, die z. B. an den gegenüberliegenden Gehäusewandungen befestigt sind.The knife bar can be assigned in the spaces protruding scrapers z. B. are attached to the opposite housing walls.
Es wird vorgeschlagen, das Gehäuse mit einem schwenkbaren Deckel zu ver¬ schließen, wobei dieser mit dem Motor, bzw. dessen Gehäuse und dem Exzen¬ tertrieb verbindbar und derart schwenkbar gelagert ist, daß beim Öffnen des Deckels das erste Schneidelement in den größten Öffnungswinkel zurückgefahren wird. Diese Verbindung kann gelöst werden, so daß der Raum hinter dem Schneidelement für Reinigungszwecke zugänglich wird. Im Inneren der Vorrichtung können Düsen zur Ausbringung von Reinigungsflüs¬ sigkeit vorgesehen sein, die z. B. die oben erwähnten Drehspäne von anhaften¬ den Bohrmilchresten befreien, so daß die zerkleinerten Späne direkt aufgearbeitet werden können.It is proposed to close the housing with a pivotable cover, which can be connected to the motor or its housing and the eccentric drive and is pivoted such that when the cover is opened the first cutting element is retracted to the largest opening angle becomes. This connection can be released so that the space behind the cutting element is accessible for cleaning purposes. Nozzles for dispensing cleaning liquid can be provided in the interior of the device. B. free the above-mentioned swarf from adhering residues of drilling milk, so that the shredded chips can be worked up directly.
Anhand der beiliegenden Figuren wird die vorliegende Erfindung an einem Aus¬ führungsbeispiel näher erläutert.The present invention is explained in more detail using an exemplary embodiment with reference to the accompanying figures.
Figur 1 zeigt diese in dreidimensionaler DarstellungFigure 1 shows this in three-dimensional representation
Figur 2 zeigt ein FunktionsschemaFigure 2 shows a functional diagram
Figur 3 zeigt eine Ausführungsform mit beidseitigem KurbeltriebFIG. 3 shows an embodiment with a crank mechanism on both sides
Die Vorrichtung besteht aus einem Gehäuse 1 mit den beiden darin angeordneten Schneidelementen 2, 3. Die Schneidelemente weisen je Reihen von Messerbal¬ ken 4 auf, die sich im unteren Bereich durchgreifen und derart eine Reihe von Scheren bilden.The device consists of a housing 1 with the two cutting elements 2, 3 arranged therein. The cutting elements each have rows of knife bars 4 which reach through in the lower region and thus form a series of scissors.
Das in der Figur 1 links dargestellte erste Schneidelement 2 besitzt einen Rah¬ men 5, an dem die Messerbalken befestigt sind, wobei die Messerbalken des rechts dargestellten zweiten Schneidelements 3 auf dem unteren Schenkel 6 des Rahmens 5 aufliegen, bzw. beim Schneidvorgang gegen diesen gedrückt werden.The first cutting element 2 shown on the left in FIG. 1 has a frame 5 to which the cutter bars are fastened, the cutter bars of the second cutting element 3 shown on the right resting on the lower leg 6 of the frame 5 or pressed against the latter during the cutting process become.
Das erste Schneidelement 2 weist am Rahmen beidseitig befestigte Stege 7 auf, die über eine Welle 16 gelagert sind, und die Drehachse gegenüber der Unter¬ kante des Rahmens 5 nach rückwärts zur Gehäusewandung verlagern, so daß ein Kippen des ersten Elements um die Welle 16, gleichzeitig mit der Winkelände¬ rung, eine Auf- oder Abwärtsbewegung verursacht.The first cutting element 2 has webs 7 fastened to the frame on both sides, which are mounted on a shaft 16 and shift the axis of rotation backwards relative to the lower edge of the frame 5 to the housing wall, so that the first element tilts about the shaft 16, caused an upward or downward movement simultaneously with the change in angle.
Das zweite Schneidelement 3 ist unten offen und kann zwischen die Messerbal¬ ken 4 des ersten Schneidelementes 2 eingeschoben, bzw. aus diesen herausge¬ zogen werden. Das zweite Schneidelement 3 ist am oberen Ende an den gegenüberliegenden Gehäusewandungen über eine Welle 17 schwenkbar gelagert, wobei die Verbin¬ dung mit der Gehäusewandung, z. B. durch von außen in Sacklöcher eingreifende Federzapfen (nicht dargestellt) lösbar ist, um zur Reinigung der Messer und/oder des Innenraums das zweite Schneidelement 3 nach Öffnen des Deckels 14 herausziehen zu können. In besonders bevorzugter Weise ist die Welle 17 (zusammen mit dem Schneidelement 3) in das Gehäuse oder eine an diesem angebrachte Halterung eingesteckt. Oberhalb der Schneidelemente 2, 3 befinden sich mitbewegte Zahnreihen 11 mit waagerechten Zahnflanken 15, die nach unten geneigt sind und derart widerhakenartig eingefülltes Gut festhalten.The second cutting element 3 is open at the bottom and can be inserted between the knife bars 4 of the first cutting element 2 or pulled out of them. The second cutting element 3 is pivotally mounted at the upper end on the opposite housing walls via a shaft 17, the connection with the housing wall, eg. B. by externally engaging in blind holes spring pins (not shown) to be able to pull out the second cutting element 3 after opening the lid 14 for cleaning the knife and / or the interior. In a particularly preferred manner, the shaft 17 (together with the cutting element 3) is inserted into the housing or a holder attached to it. Above the cutting elements 2, 3 are co-moving tooth rows 11 with horizontal tooth flanks 15, which are inclined downward and hold good filled in like a barb.
Die Zähne können einander insbesondere stärker angenähert sein als dargestellt und auch ineinandergreifen, um das zu zerkleinernde Gut vor dem Erfassen durch die Messerbalken zu kompaktieren und zu formen.The teeth can in particular be closer to each other than shown and can also interlock to compact and shape the material to be shredded before being gripped by the cutter bars.
Das erste Schneidelement 2 ist über einen Exzentertrieb 10 um die Achse 16 schwenkbar, wobei dieser über eine Pleuelstange 18 mit der Achse 19 verbunden und durch einen Motorantrieb 9 in Bewegung versetzt wird.The first cutting element 2 can be pivoted about the axis 16 via an eccentric drive 10, which is connected to the axis 19 via a connecting rod 18 and set in motion by a motor drive 9.
Der Motor 9 kann sich in einem eigenen Motorkasten 20 befinden.The motor 9 can be located in its own motor box 20.
Der Deckel 14 ist schwenkbar am Gehäuse in Lagern 22 gelagert. Ebenfalls ist der Motorkasten 20 durch Lager 22 schwenkbar. Dieser Motorkasten 20 ist über den Exzentertrieb 10 mit dem ersten Schneidelement 2 derart verbunden, daß beim Zurückschwenken des Deckels 14 die Zapfen 21 das erste Schneidelement 2 aus der senkrechten Lage in eine dargestellte rückwärtige Position gebracht wird, um den größtmöglichen Einfüllraum zu bilden.The cover 14 is pivotally mounted on the housing in bearings 22. The motor box 20 is also pivotable through bearings 22. This motor box 20 is connected to the first cutting element 2 via the eccentric drive 10 in such a way that when the cover 14 is pivoted back, the pins 21 bring the first cutting element 2 out of the vertical position into a illustrated rearward position in order to form the largest possible filling space.
Für Reinigungszwecke können die Zapfen 21 zurückgezogen und so das Motor¬ gehäuse 20 und damit das Schneidelement 2 nach unten, bzw. senkrecht gestellt werden. Unterhalb der Schneidelemente können Auffangbehälter in Form von Schubladen 12 vorgesehen sein, in die das zerkleinerte Gut fällt, wobei die unterschiedlichen Materialien auch übereinander angeordnete, auswechselbare Schubladen möglich sind. Den Messerbalken 4 können bewegliche oder starre Abstreifer 13 über eigene Halterungen 21 zugeordnet werden.For cleaning purposes, the pins 21 can be withdrawn and the motor housing 20 and thus the cutting element 2 can be placed downwards or vertically. Collection containers in the form of drawers 12, into which the comminuted material falls, can be provided below the cutting elements, wherein the different materials, interchangeable drawers, are also possible. Movable or rigid wipers 13 can be assigned to the cutter bars 4 via their own brackets 21.
Figur 2 zeigt die beiden ineinandergreifenden Schneidelemente 2 und 3, wobei das erste um den Punkt P-j drehbar angeordnet ist, der außerhalb der Ebene des des Elements liegt, so daß sämtliche Punkte des Elements Kreisbahnen K-| um P-j beschreiben, die neben der horizontalen eine deutliche Vertikalbewegung aufweisen.Figure 2 shows the two interlocking cutting elements 2 and 3, the first being rotatable about the point P-j, which lies outside the plane of the element, so that all points of the element are circular paths K- | to describe P-j, which have a distinct vertical movement in addition to the horizontal.
Das Element 3 ist um P2 schwenkbar, sämtliche Punkte beschreiben Kreisbahnen K2 mit überwiegend waagerechter Komponente bei Veränderung des Schneidwinkels α, wobei die Messer des Elements auf dem Schenkel 6 des er¬ sten Elements aufliegen, d. h. vom zu schneidenden Gut dagegengedrückt wer¬ den. Grundsätzlich kann auch eine Kreisbahn K2' erzeugt werden, wenn der Drehpunkt P2 über einen zusätzlichen Hebel nach P2' verlegt wird, um auch dem zweiten Schneidelement 3 eine größere Abwärtskomponente zu vermitteln. P2 und P2' können grundsätzlich auch tiefer liegen als dargestellt, um z. B. das Kom- paktieren vor dem Schneiden zu verstärken.The element 3 is pivotable about P2, all points describe circular paths K2 with a predominantly horizontal component when the cutting angle α is changed, the knives of the element resting on the leg 6 of the first element, i. H. are pressed against the material to be cut. In principle, a circular path K2 'can also be produced if the pivot point P2 is moved to P2' via an additional lever in order to also convey a larger downward component to the second cutting element 3. In principle, P2 and P2 'can also be lower than shown, in order, for. B. to strengthen the compacting before cutting.
Die zum Zerkleinern aufgebrachte Kraft A greift oben am ersten Schneidelement A an (Exzentertrieb). Ein zusätzlicher Antrieb A' des zweiten Elements ist möglich, setzt aber dessen Demontage vor dem Herausziehen voraus.The force A applied for crushing acts on the top of the first cutting element A (eccentric drive). An additional drive A 'of the second element is possible, but requires its disassembly before pulling out.
Es ist weiterhin möglich, auch beide Messerreihen an ihren oberen Enden in Rotation zu versetzen und weiterhin jeweils einzeln mit unteren Anlagen zu verse¬ hen, was die Möglichkeit eröffnet, die Anlagen bei Überschreiten einer vorgege¬ benen Kraft ausweichen zu lassen. Bei Auftreten eines solchen Falles bewegen sich die Messerreihen mit den Anlagen auch außen und öffnen den Schneidspalt, so daß unzerkleinerbares Gut (z.B. mit Härten nahe oder größer der Messerhärte) nach unten austreten kann, ohne die Messer zu beschädigen. Fig. 3 zeigt eine besonders bevorzugte Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfin¬ dung, bei welcher die gegenüberliegenden, ineinandergreifenden Reihen der Messer 4 (der besseren Übersicht halber ist nur die linke Reihe dargestellt) kopf¬ seitig in einer Exzenterwelle 23 gelagert sind, die jeweils über eine Kette 28 durch die Motoren 29 angetrieben sind. Die Exzenter können z.B. um je 90° versetzt zueinander angeordnet sein.It is also possible to set both rows of knives in rotation at their upper ends and to continue to provide each of them with lower units, which opens up the possibility of the units dodging when a predetermined force is exceeded. If such a case occurs, the rows of knives with the systems also move outside and open the cutting gap, so that comminuted material (for example with hardnesses close to or greater than the knife hardness) can exit downwards without damaging the knives. 3 shows a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, in which the opposing, intermeshing rows of knives 4 (only the left row is shown for the sake of clarity) are mounted on the head side in an eccentric shaft 23, each of which has a Chain 28 are driven by the motors 29. The eccentrics can, for example, be arranged offset from one another by 90 °.
Weiterhin können die Messer 4 wie dargestellt gekrümmt, d.h. nach innen ausge¬ baucht und mit Zähnen 24 versehen sein.Furthermore, the knives 4 can be curved as shown, i.e. bulged inwards and provided with teeth 24.
Die Messer liegen unten je gegen äußere Schwenkarme 25 an, die über Gasfe¬ dern 30 abgestützt sind, wobei der Federdruck auf die Festigkeit der Messer abgestimmt ist, so daß sie bei Überlast zurückweichen können.The knives are each against outer swivel arms 25, which are supported by gas springs 30, the spring pressure being matched to the strength of the knives, so that they can retreat in the event of an overload.
Zwischen den Messern 4 sind Sägescheiben 26 angeordnet, die in den durch das Ineinandergreifen der Messer gebildeten Lücken liegen und deren Durchmesser und Anordnung der Achsen 32 so gewählt ist, daß sie beim Abwärtsbewegen der Messer 4 von diesen überdeckt und beim Herausziehen in den Schneidraum 27 hineinragen und auf diese Weise selbst gegen die Messer 4 an diesen haftendes Gut zerkleinern und andererseits diese reinigen und Gut nach unten abfördern.Between the knives 4 are saw discs 26 which are located in the gaps formed by the intermeshing of the knives and whose diameter and arrangement of the axes 32 are selected such that they cover the knives 4 when they move downward and protrude into the cutting space 27 when they are pulled out and in this way shred even against the knives 4 adhering to this material and, on the other hand, clean them and convey the material downwards.
Die Sägescheiben 26 können ebenfalls über die Gasfedern abgestützt sein, sie sind von Ketten 28, 28' über die Exzenterwelle 23 getrieben. Weiterhin können, wie dargestellt, der Arm 25 und die Sägescheibenachsen 32 auf einem beidseits der Messer 4 angeordneten verschwenkbaren Trägerpaar 33 ruhen und zusätzlich die Sägescheiben 26 mit einer Rutschkupplung 31 verbunden sein, so daß diese kurzzeitig stehenbleiben und nach dem Abstreifen durch die Messer 4 erneut betätigt werden. BezugszeichenlisteThe saw discs 26 can also be supported by the gas springs, they are driven by chains 28, 28 'via the eccentric shaft 23. Furthermore, as shown, the arm 25 and the saw disc axes 32 can rest on a pivotable support pair 33 arranged on both sides of the knives 4, and in addition the saw discs 26 can be connected to a slip clutch 31 so that they stop briefly and after stripping by the knives 4 again be operated. Reference list
Gehäuse , 3 SchneidelementeHousing, 3 cutting elements
Messerknife
Rahmenframe
Schenkelleg
StegeWalkways
Gelenkjoint
Motorantrieb 0 Exzentertrieb 1 Zahnreihen 2 Schubladen 3 Abstreifer 4 Deckel 5 Zahnflanken 6, 17 Wellen 8 Pleuelstange 9 Achse (Bolzen) 0 Motorkasten 1 Mitnehmerzapfen 2 Lager für Deckel 14 und Motorkasten 20 (mit Ratsche) 3 Exzenterwelle 4 Zähne 5 Schwenkarme 6 Sägescheiben 7 Schneidraum 8, 28' Kette 9 Motore 0 Gasfedern 1 Rutschkupplung 2 Sägescheibenachsen 3 Träger Motor drive 0 eccentric drive 1 rows of teeth 2 drawers 3 wipers 4 covers 5 tooth flanks 6, 17 shafts 8 connecting rod 9 axis (bolt) 0 motor case 1 drive pin 2 bearings for cover 14 and motor case 20 (with ratchet) 3 eccentric shaft 4 teeth 5 swivel arms 6 saw discs 7 cutting area 8, 28 'chain 9 motors 0 gas springs 1 slip clutch 2 saw disc axles 3 beams

Claims

P a t e n t a n s p r ü c h e Patent claims
1. Vorrichtung zum Zerkleinern von Materialren, bestehend aus einem Ge¬ häuse (1) sowie in diesem untergebrachten aufeinanderzubeweglichen Schneidelementen (2,3), dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schneidele¬ mente aus beabstandeten und sich unter einem nach oben erweiternden Winkel kammartig ineinandergreifenden Reihen von Messern (4) bestehen und die Messer derart antreibbar sind, daß sie gleichzeitig eine Scherenbewegung als auch mit Hilfe eines Kurbeltriebes (7, 16, 23) eine Schwenkbewegung um eine Achse (16, 23) ausführen.1. Device for crushing material, consisting of a housing (1) and housed in this mutually movable cutting elements (2, 3), characterized in that the cutting elements from spaced and interdigitated rows that intermesh at an upward angle consist of knives (4) and the knives can be driven in such a way that they simultaneously perform a scissor movement and, with the help of a crank mechanism (7, 16, 23), a pivoting movement about an axis (16, 23).
2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Mes¬ serbalken (4) des ersten Schneidelements (2) in einem Rahmen (5) mit einem unteren waagerechten Schenkel (6) gehalten sind und über sich vom Rahmen (5) nach rückwärts erstreckende Stege (7) um ein nahe der Gehäusewand angeordnetes Gelenk (8) schwenkbar sind, so daß das erste Schneidelement (2) bei Schwenkungen um das Gelenk (8) in der Schneidzone gleichzeitig eine Abwärtsbewegung ausführt, und daß das zweite Schneidelement (3) nach unten freie Messerbalken (4) aufweist, die auf dem unteren Schenkel (6) des Rahmens (5) des ersten Schneid¬ elements (2) aufliegen, wobei die Messerbalken (4) mit einer oben gela¬ gerten Halterung (drehbar) verbunden sind.2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the Mes¬ serbalken (4) of the first cutting element (2) in a frame (5) with a lower horizontal leg (6) are held and above the frame (5) backwards extending webs (7) can be pivoted about a joint (8) arranged near the housing wall, so that the first cutting element (2) simultaneously executes a downward movement when pivoting about the joint (8) in the cutting zone, and that the second cutting element (3) has downward free cutter bars (4) which rest on the lower leg (6) of the frame (5) of the first cutting element (2), the cutter bars (4) being connected (rotatably) to a bracket mounted at the top .
3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das erste Schneidelement (2) über einen Motorantrieb (9) schwenkbar ist.3. Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the first cutting element (2) via a motor drive (9) is pivotable.
4. Vorrichtung nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch ge¬ kennzeichnet, daß der Motorantrieb (9) ein Exzentertrieb (10) ist.4. The device according to at least one of claims 1 to 3, characterized ge indicates that the motor drive (9) is an eccentric drive (10).
5. Vorrichtung nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch ge¬ kennzeichnet, daß oberhalb der Schneidelemente (2, 3) gegenüberlie¬ gende, nach unten geneigte Zahnreihen (11) mit waagerechten Flanken (15) angeordnet sind. 5. The device according to at least one of claims 1 to 4, characterized ge indicates that above the cutting elements (2, 3) opposite lying down rows of teeth (11) are arranged with horizontal flanks (15).
6. Vorrichtung nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das unten offene zweite Schneidelement (3) lösbar mit dem Gehäuse (1) verbunden und aus diesem entnehmbar ist.6. The device according to at least one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the second cutting element (3) which is open at the bottom is detachably connected to the housing (1) and can be removed therefrom.
7. Vorrichtung nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch ge¬ kennzeichnet, daß unterhalb der Schneidelemente (2, 3) Schubladen (12) zur Aufnahme des zerkleinerten Guts vorgesehen sind.7. The device according to at least one of claims 1 to 6, characterized ge indicates that below the cutting elements (2, 3) drawers (12) are provided for receiving the comminuted material.
8. Vorrichtung nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch ge¬ kennzeichnet, daß an den Messerbalken (4) Abstreifer (13) anliegen.8. The device according to at least one of claims 1 to 7, characterized ge indicates that wipers (13) abut the cutter bar (4).
9. Vorrichtung nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch ge¬ kennzeichnet, daß die Messer (4) mit Zähnen (24) versehen sind.9. The device according to at least one of claims 1 to 8, characterized ge indicates that the knives (4) are provided with teeth (24).
10. Vorrichtung nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch ge¬ kennzeichnet, daß die Messer (4) an oberen, antreibbaren Exzenterwel¬ len (23) gelagert sind.10. The device according to at least one of claims 1 to 9, characterized ge indicates that the knives (4) on the upper, drivable Exzenterwel¬ len (23) are mounted.
11. Vorrichtung nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Messer (4) gegen untere Schwenkarme (25) anliegen.11. The device according to at least one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the knives (4) bear against lower pivot arms (25).
12. Vorrichtung nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche bis 11 , dadurch ge¬ kennzeichnet, daß die Messer (4) gekrümmt sind.12. The device according to at least one of claims to 11, characterized ge indicates that the knives (4) are curved.
13. Vorrichtung nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in den Zwischenräumen der Messer (4) Säge¬ scheiben (26) derart angeordnet sind, daß sie bei nach außen ge¬ schwenkter Stellung der Messer (4) diese zum Schneidraum hin übergrei¬ fen und bei nach innen geschwenkter Stellung der Messer von diesen überdeckt werden. 13. The device according to at least one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that in the spaces between the knives (4) Säge¬ discs (26) are arranged such that when the knives (4) are pivoted outwards, they are used for Cutting area overlap and are covered by the knives when the knives are pivoted inward.
14. Vorrichtung nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 13, dadurch ge¬ kennzeichnet, daß unterhalb der Schneidelemente (2, 3) Schubladen (12) zur Aufnahme des zerkleinerten Guts vorgesehen sind.14. The device according to at least one of claims 1 to 13, characterized ge indicates that below the cutting elements (2, 3) drawers (12) are provided for receiving the comminuted material.
15. Vorrichtung nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der die Schneidelemente (2, 3) treibende Motor (9) mit einer Überlastsicherung ausgestattet ist, die bei Überlastung die Schneidbewegung stoppt und die Elemente auf den größten Winkel zu¬ rückfährt.15. The device according to one or more of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the cutting elements (2, 3) driving motor (9) is equipped with an overload safety device which stops the cutting movement in the event of overload and the elements to the largest angle ¬ returns.
16. Vorrichtung nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Deckel (14) des Gehäuses (1) beim Öffnen das Motorgehäuse (20) mittels Zapfen (21) und damit über die Pleuelstange (18) das Schneidelement (2) in die größtmögliche rückwärtige Lage bringt.16. The device according to one or more of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the cover (14) of the housing (1) when opening the motor housing (20) by means of pins (21) and thus via the connecting rod (18), the cutting element ( 2) in the greatest possible rear position.
17. Vorrichtung nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Motorgehäuse (20) bei offenem Deckel (14) durch Zurückziehen der Zapfen (21) nach unten geschwenkt und damit das Schneidelement (2) in eine senkrechte Lage gebracht wird.17. The device according to one or more of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the motor housing (20) with the cover (14) pivoted downward by pulling back the pin (21) and thus the cutting element (2) brought into a vertical position becomes.
18. Verfahren zum Zerkleinern von Materialien mit Hilfe von scherenartig unter Bildung von Schneidspalten aufeinanderzu bewegten gegenüber¬ liegenden Reihen von Messern dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man die Messer V-förmig hängend und nach unten zusammenlaufend von oben mit zu zerkleinerndem Gut beaufschlagt, die Messer unten beim Zer¬ kleinern abstützt und die oberen Enden der Messer mindestens einer Reihe in Rotation versetzt, wobei die unteren Enden der Messer an der Abstützung auf- und abgleiten und der Winkel zwischen den gegenüber¬ liegenden Messern im hierdurch gebildeten Schneidspalt periodisch und kontinuierlich derart gebildet wird, daß er sich beim nach innen und unten Bewegen der Messer verkleinert.18. Process for comminuting materials with the aid of scissors-like rows of knives moving towards one another with the formation of cutting gaps, characterized in that the knives are suspended in a V-shape and converge downwards from above with material to be comminuted, the knives at the bottom Is supported and the upper ends of the knives are rotated in at least one row, the lower ends of the knives sliding up and down on the support and the angle between the opposing knives being formed periodically and continuously in the cutting gap thus formed, that it shrinks when moving the knives in and down.
19. Verfahren nach Anspruch 18, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Messer mit einer Zahnung versehen sind. 19. The method according to claim 18, characterized in that the knives are provided with teeth.
20. Verfahren nach Anspruch 18 oder 19, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man zwischen den Messern Sägezahnscheiben rotiert, die bei der durch die obere Rotation der Messer bewirkten Schwenkbewegung periodisch in den Schneidraum hineinragen, dabei anhaftendes Material von den Messern abstreift, und Schneidgut nach unten in den Schneidspalt för¬ dern.20. The method according to claim 18 or 19, characterized in that sawtooth discs are rotated between the knives, which periodically protrude into the cutting space during the swiveling movement caused by the upper rotation of the knives, scraping off adhering material from the knives, and material to be cut downwards promote the cutting gap.
21. Vorrichtung nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 18 bis 20, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Messer an ihrem unteren Ende mit einer vorgegebenen Kraft abgestützt werden und bei Überschreiten dieser Kraft ausweichen.21. The device according to one or more of claims 18 to 20, characterized in that the knives are supported at their lower end with a predetermined force and evade when this force is exceeded.
22. Vorrichtung nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 18 bis 21 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Messer asynchron angetrieben sind und nacheinander in Schneidstellung gebracht werden. 22. The device according to one or more of claims 18 to 21, characterized in that the knives are driven asynchronously and are brought into the cutting position one after the other.
EP94924882A 1993-08-24 1994-08-18 Material crushing process and device Expired - Lifetime EP0714322B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4328398 1993-08-24
DE4328398 1993-08-24
DE4408964 1994-03-16
DE4408964A DE4408964A1 (en) 1993-08-24 1994-03-16 Device for shredding materials
PCT/EP1994/002741 WO1995005898A1 (en) 1993-08-24 1994-08-18 Material crushing process and device

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0714322A1 true EP0714322A1 (en) 1996-06-05
EP0714322B1 EP0714322B1 (en) 1997-05-02

Family

ID=25928878

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94924882A Expired - Lifetime EP0714322B1 (en) 1993-08-24 1994-08-18 Material crushing process and device

Country Status (15)

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US (1) US5685499A (en)
EP (1) EP0714322B1 (en)
JP (1) JP3252912B2 (en)
KR (1) KR960703675A (en)
CN (1) CN1131918A (en)
AT (1) ATE152373T1 (en)
AU (1) AU681902B2 (en)
BR (1) BR9407568A (en)
CA (1) CA2169545A1 (en)
DE (3) DE4408964A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2102243T3 (en)
FI (1) FI960835A0 (en)
NO (1) NO308832B1 (en)
SG (1) SG46444A1 (en)
WO (1) WO1995005898A1 (en)

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EP2954953A1 (en) 2014-06-13 2015-12-16 Timm, Holm Method and device for crushing objects
EP2954952A1 (en) 2014-06-13 2015-12-16 Timm, Holm Device for grinding materials
CN105478202B (en) * 2014-09-16 2018-05-29 环创(厦门）科技股份有限公司 One kind is parallel to cut crusher
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CN108246431A (en) * 2018-03-05 2018-07-06 安徽海盾建材有限公司 For crushing the scissor crusher of stone
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH09503429A (en) 1997-04-08
KR960703675A (en) 1996-08-31
DE9413056U1 (en) 1994-10-27
NO308832B1 (en) 2000-11-06
WO1995005898A1 (en) 1995-03-02
DE59402617D1 (en) 1997-06-05
AU681902B2 (en) 1997-09-11
NO960676D0 (en) 1996-02-21
BR9407568A (en) 1996-12-31
ATE152373T1 (en) 1997-05-15
DE4408964A1 (en) 1995-03-02
CN1131918A (en) 1996-09-25
NO960676L (en) 1996-02-21
FI960835A (en) 1996-02-23
AU7499894A (en) 1995-03-21
SG46444A1 (en) 1998-02-20
EP0714322B1 (en) 1997-05-02
JP3252912B2 (en) 2002-02-04
US5685499A (en) 1997-11-11
FI960835A0 (en) 1996-02-23
CA2169545A1 (en) 1995-03-02
ES2102243T3 (en) 1997-07-16

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