EP0712146B1 - Source d'électrons à effet de champ et procédé de fabrication de cette source, application aux dispositifs de visualisation par cathodoluminescence - Google Patents
Source d'électrons à effet de champ et procédé de fabrication de cette source, application aux dispositifs de visualisation par cathodoluminescence Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0712146B1 EP0712146B1 EP95402450A EP95402450A EP0712146B1 EP 0712146 B1 EP0712146 B1 EP 0712146B1 EP 95402450 A EP95402450 A EP 95402450A EP 95402450 A EP95402450 A EP 95402450A EP 0712146 B1 EP0712146 B1 EP 0712146B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- diamond
- electrically insulating
- source
- carbon
- holes
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J9/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture, installation, removal, maintenance of electric discharge tubes, discharge lamps, or parts thereof; Recovery of material from discharge tubes or lamps
- H01J9/02—Manufacture of electrodes or electrode systems
- H01J9/022—Manufacture of electrodes or electrode systems of cold cathodes
- H01J9/025—Manufacture of electrodes or electrode systems of cold cathodes of field emission cathodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J3/00—Details of electron-optical or ion-optical arrangements common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes or lamps
- H01J3/02—Electron guns
- H01J3/021—Electron guns using a field emission, photo emission, or secondary emission electron source
- H01J3/022—Electron guns using a field emission, photo emission, or secondary emission electron source with microengineered cathode, e.g. Spindt-type
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2201/00—Electrodes common to discharge tubes
- H01J2201/30—Cold cathodes
- H01J2201/304—Field emission cathodes
- H01J2201/30403—Field emission cathodes characterised by the emitter shape
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2201/00—Electrodes common to discharge tubes
- H01J2201/30—Cold cathodes
- H01J2201/304—Field emission cathodes
- H01J2201/30446—Field emission cathodes characterised by the emitter material
- H01J2201/30453—Carbon types
- H01J2201/30457—Diamond
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2329/00—Electron emission display panels, e.g. field emission display panels
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a source of field effect electrons.
- the invention has the same fields of application than electron sources with microtips ("microtips").
- the present invention applies to the field of display devices dishes also called “flat screens”, as well as manufacture of pressure measurement gauges.
- a source of microtip electrons includes at least one cathode conductor on a substrate electrically insulating, an electrically insulating layer which covers this cathode conductor and at least one grid formed on this electrically insulating layer.
- Holes are formed through the grid and the insulating layer above the cathode conductor.
- micro-tips are formed in these holes and carried by the cathode conductor.
- each micro-tip is substantially in the plane of the grid, this grid used to extract electrons from micro-tips.
- the holes have very small dimensions (they have a diameter less than 2 ⁇ m).
- These other known display devices include a cathodoluminescent anode placed opposite of an electron source comprising carbon layers diamond or diamond-like intended to emit electrons.
- Diamond or diamond carbon emits electrons much more easily than materials conventionally used for the manufacture of micro-tips.
- the minimum electric field from which one can obtain an electron emission can be twenty times lower that the minimum electric field corresponding to metals such as molybdenum.
- the deposits obtained are continuous layers and not micro-tips.
- the object of the present invention is to remedy to the previous drawbacks.
- micro-cluster is meant a micro-heap composed of diamond or type carbon powder grains diamonds who are in direct contact with their closest neighbors and / or linked together by a metal.
- the source object of the present invention emits more of electrons than a microtip source, due to the use, in the present invention, of particles carbon diamond or diamond type that have power higher emissivity than electron emitting materials conventional such as molybdenum.
- this device has a more greater brightness than a micro-tip device, for same control voltage.
- this device using a source according to the invention requires a voltage of order less than that required for a micro-tip device.
- the micro-clusters can be made of diamond carbon particles or diamond type where such particles can be made dispersed in a metal.
- the micro-clusters can be linked by a deposit of a metal intended to consolidate these micro-clusters, the particles of diamond or diamond-like carbon emerging from this deposit at the surface of micro-clusters.
- the process which is the subject of the invention can be implemented used with large surface substrates and allows thus obtaining electron sources (and therefore screens large area (several dozen inches diagonally).
- the temperature at which we form micro-clusters is close to room temperature (around 20 ° C).
- baths that are necessary for the implementation of the process which is the subject of the invention have a long service life (several months).
- the micro-clusters formed by electrophoresis are then linked using a metal by electrochemical deposition, in order to consolidate these micro-clusters.
- the carbon particles diamond or diamond type have a size of around 1 ⁇ m or less than 1 ⁇ m.
- These particles can be obtained at from natural or artificial diamond or by a method chosen from laser synthesis, deposition chemical vapor phase and physical phase deposition steam.
- the holes formed through the grid layer and the electrically insulating layer can have a circular or rectangular shape.
- the size of these holes can be chosen in an interval of approximately 1 ⁇ m to several tens of micrometers.
- micro-clusters are formed according to the process object of the invention is comparable to the structure in which the micro-tips to make a micro-tip source.
- the size of the holes that we form in the structure to implement the process subject of the invention may be significantly greater than that which is necessary for the implementation of a process manufacturing a micro-tip source.
- Holes 10 are formed through these grids 8 and the insulating layer 6 above the cathode conductors 4.
- Micro-clusters 12 containing particles carbon diamond or diamond type, are formed in the holes 10 and carried by the cathode conductors 4.
- cathode conductors 4 are parallel and the grids 8 are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the conductors cathodic 4.
- the holes 10 and therefore the micro-clusters 12 are found in the areas where these grids cross the cathode conductors.
- micro-clusters in such an area that emit electrons when an electrical voltage appropriate is applied, by means not shown, between the cathode conductor 4 and the grid 8 which correspond to this zone.
- a display device by cathodoluminescence is schematically represented in section in Figure 2.
- This device includes the source of electrons 14 in Figure 1.
- the device of Figure 2 also includes a cathodoluminescent anode 16 placed opposite the source 14 and separated from it by a space 18 in which we made the vacuum.
- the cathodoluminescent anode 16 comprises a electrically insulating and transparent substrate 20 which is provided with an electrically conductive layer and transparent 22 forming an anode.
- this layer 24 emits a light that a user of the device visualization observed through the transparent substrate 20.
- the diameter D1 of holes (substantially circular) formed in the grid 8 and in the electrically insulating layer 6 can be advantageously greater than the diameter of the holes than contain micro-point electron sources described in documents (1) to (4).
- this diameter D1 can take values on the order of 1 ⁇ m up to 20 ⁇ m.
- Figure 4 schematically illustrates the makes the holes 10, instead of having a shape circular, may have a rectangular shape.
- the width D2 of these holes 10 in the figure 4, rectangular, can be taken equal to diameter D1 mentioned above and can therefore be also significantly larger than the diameter of the holes micro-tip sources.
- micro-clusters 12 we use diamond or diamond-like carbon powder.
- This powder can be obtained by deposit chemical vapor phase, from a mixture hydrogen and light hydrocarbons.
- This chemical vapor deposition can be assisted by an electron beam or be assisted by a plasma generated by microwaves.
- the powder can also be synthesized by physical vapor deposition ("physical vapor” deposition "), from carbon targets (graphite for example) and a plasma gas such as argon alone or mixed with hydrogen, hydrocarbons without dopant or with a dopant like for example the diborane.
- physical vapor deposition from carbon targets (graphite for example) and a plasma gas such as argon alone or mixed with hydrogen, hydrocarbons without dopant or with a dopant like for example the diborane.
- This powder can also be obtained by laser ablation.
- diamonds can be prepared carbon compression, high pressure and high temperature, then make the powder from of these artificial diamonds.
- these carbon powders diamond and these diamond-like carbon powders are chosen so as to have a micronic particle size or submicron, preferably nanometric.
- these carbon powders diamond or diamond type can be doped or not doped.
- the deposition of the powder (particles of diamond or diamond type) leading to the formation of micro-clusters 12 in holes 10, on the cathode conductors 4, can be realized by electrophoresis (cataphoresis or anaphoresis), possibly supplemented by a metallic deposit electrochemical consolidation, or by co-deposit electrochemical of metal and carbon diamond or diamond type.
- the structure provided with holes 10 is placed in a appropriate solution 26 and the bottom of each hole 10 is brought to positive potential during this phase of deposit.
- drivers cathodics 4 are brought to this positive potential thanks to a suitable voltage source 28 whose terminal positive is connected to these cathode conductors 4 while the negative terminal of this source is connected to a platinum or steel counter electrode 32 stainless steel located in the bath at a distance from substrate about 1 to 5 cm.
- the fine powder of carbon particles diamond or diamond type is suspended in solution 26 (before placing the structure in this solution).
- the voltage supplied by the source 28 can go up to around 200 V.
- this is the source 28 negative terminal which is connected to cathode conductors 4 while the positive terminal of the source 28 is connected to a counter-electrode 32 in platinum or stainless steel located in the bath a distance from the substrate of about 1 to 5 cm.
- electrochemical deposition of a metal by example chosen from Ni, Co, Ag, Au, Rh or Pt or, more generally, among transition metals, alloys thereof and precious metals.
- This electrode 33 is for example in nickel and solution 30 contains for example 300 g / l nickel sulfate, 30 g / l nickel chloride, 30 g / l of boric acid and 0.6 g / l of lauryl sulfate sodium.
- an electric current of 4 A / dm 2 is used .
- micro-clusters by electrochemical co-deposit of metal and carbon diamond or diamond type.
- An appropriate current source is used, for example of the order of 4 A / dm 2 , and the negative terminal of this source is applied to the cathode conductors and the positive terminal of this source to a nickel electrode placed in the bath.
- Nickel is deposited in the holes in bringing with it the diamond particles, hence the formation of nickel and diamond micro-clusters in these holes.
- the tops of the micro-clusters are found substantially in the plane of the grids and these micro-clusters are not in contact with these grids.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Cathode-Ray Tubes And Fluorescent Screens For Display (AREA)
- Cold Cathode And The Manufacture (AREA)
- Devices For Indicating Variable Information By Combining Individual Elements (AREA)
- Electrodes For Cathode-Ray Tubes (AREA)
Description
- sur un substrat électriquement isolant, au moins une première électrode jouant le rôle de conducteur cathodique,
- une couche électriquement isolante qui recouvre ce conducteur cathodique,
- au moins une deuxième électrode jouant le rôle de grille, formée sur la couche électriquement isolante, des trous étant formés à travers cette grille et la couche électriquement isolante au-dessus du conducteur cathodique, et
- des éléments qui sont susceptibles d'émettre des électrons et qui sont formés dans ces trous et portés par le conducteur cathodique,
- une source d'électrons à effet de champ, et
- une anode cathodoluminescente comprenant une couche d'un matériau cathodoluminescent,
- on fabrique une structure comprenant un substrat électriquement isolant, au moins un conducteur cathodique sur ce substrat, une couche électriquement isolante qui recouvre chaque conducteur cathodique et une couche de grille électriquement conductrice qui recouvre cette couche électriquement isolante,
- on forme des trous à travers la couche de grille et la couche électriquement isolante, au niveau de chaque conducteur cathodique, et
- on forme, dans chaque trou, un élément susceptible d'émettre des électrons,
- la figure 1 est une vue en coupe schématique d'une source d'électrons conforme à la présente invention,
- la figure 2 est une vue en coupe schématique d'un dispositif de visualisation utilisant la source de la figure 1,
- la figure 3 illustre schématiquement un procédé de fabrication d'une source d'électrons conforme à l'invention,
- la figure 4 illustre schématiquement la possibilité d'utiliser des trous rectangulaires pour fabriquer une source conforme à l'invention, et
- la figure 5 illustre schématiquement un autre procédé de fabrication d'une source d'électrons conforme à l'invention.
- sur un substrat électriquement isolant 2, des électrodes 4 jouant le rôle de conducteurs cathodiques (un seul conducteur cathodique est visible sur la figure 1),
- une couche électriquement isolante 6 qui recouvre chaque conducteur cathodique, et
- des électrodes 8 jouant le rôle de grilles et formées sur la couche électriquement isolante 6 (une seule grille est visible sur la figure 1).
- le substrat 2,
- les conducteurs cathodiques 4,
- la couche électriquement isolante 6,
- une couche de grille 25, qui recouvre cette couche électriquement isolante 6, et
- les trous 10 formés dans cette couche de grille 25 et la couche électriquement isolante 6.
- de l'acétone,
- un acide qui peut être de l'acide sulfurique à 8 µl par litre de solution, et
- de la nitrocellulose qui joue le rôle de liant et de dispersant.
- de l'alcool isopropylique,
- un liant minéral comme exemple Mg(NO3)2, 6H2O (de concentration 10-5 mole par litre), et
- un dispersant tel que le glycérol (dont la concentration est de l'ordre de 1% en volume).
Claims (10)
- Source d'électrons à effet de champ, cette source comprenant :cette source étant caractérisée en ce que ces éléments sont des micro-amas (12) composé de grains de poudre de carbone diamant ou de type diamant qui sont en contact direct avec leurs plus proches voisins et/ou liés entre eux par un métal.sur un substrat électriquement isolant (2), au moins une première électrode (4) jouant le rôle de conducteur cathodique,une couche électriquement isolante (6) qui recouvre ce conducteur cathodique,au moins une deuxième électrode (8) jouant le rôle de grille, formée sur la couche électriquement isolante, des trous (10) étant formés à travers cette grille et la couche électriquement isolante au-dessus du conducteur cathodique, etdes éléments (12) qui sont susceptibles d'émettre des électrons et qui sont formés dans ces trous et portés par le conducteur cathodique,
- Source selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que les micro-amas (12) sont faits de particules de carbone diamant ou de type diamant ou sont faits de telles particules dispersées dans un métal.
- Source selon la revendication 2, caractérisée en ce que ces micro-amas (12) sont liés par un dépôt d'un métal, les particules de carbone diamant ou de type diamant émergeant de ce dépôt à la surface des micro-amas.
- Dispositif de visualisation par cathodoluminescence comprenant :une source d'électrons (14) à effet de champ, etune anode cathodoluminescente (16) comprenant une couche d'un matériau cathodoluminescent (24), dispositif caractérisé en ce que la source (14) est conforme à l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3.
- Procédé de fabrication d'une source d'électrons à effet de champ, procédé selon lequel :ce procédé étant caractérisé en ce que les éléments sont des micro-amas (12) composé de grains de poudre de carbone diamant ou de type diamant qui sont en contact direct avec leurs plus proches voisins et/ou liés entre eux par un métal et sont formés par électrophorèse ou par co-dépôt électrochimique de métal et de carbone diamant ou de type diamant.on fabrique une structure comprenant un substrat électriquement isolant (2), au moins un conducteur cathodique (4) sur ce substrat, une couche électriquement isolante (6) qui recouvre chaque conducteur cathodique et une couche de grille électriquement conductrice (25) qui recouvre cette couche électriquement isolante,on forme des trous (10) à travers la couche de grille et la couche électriquement isolante, au niveau de chaque conducteur cathodique, eton forme, dans chaque trou, un élément (12) susceptible d'émettre des électrons,
- Procédé selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que les micro-amas (12) formés par électrophorèse sont ensuite liés à l'aide d'un métal par dépôt électrochimique.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 5 et 6, caractérisé en ce que les particules de carbone diamant ou de type diamant ont une taille de l'ordre de 1 µm ou de moins de 1 µm.
- Procédé selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que les particules sont obtenues à partir de diamant naturel ou artificiel ou par une méthode choisie parmi la synthèse par laser, le dépôt chimique en phase vapeur et le dépôt physique en phase vapeur.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 5 à 8, caractérisé en ce que les trous (10) ont une forme circulaire ou rectangulaire.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 5 à 9, caractérisé en ce que la taille des trous (10) est choisie dans un intervalle allant d'environ 1 µm à plusieurs dizaines de micromètres.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9413371A FR2726688B1 (fr) | 1994-11-08 | 1994-11-08 | Source d'electrons a effet de champ et procede de fabrication de cette source, application aux dispositifs de visualisation par cathodoluminescence |
| FR9413371 | 1994-11-08 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0712146A1 EP0712146A1 (fr) | 1996-05-15 |
| EP0712146B1 true EP0712146B1 (fr) | 1999-06-30 |
Family
ID=9468611
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP95402450A Expired - Lifetime EP0712146B1 (fr) | 1994-11-08 | 1995-11-03 | Source d'électrons à effet de champ et procédé de fabrication de cette source, application aux dispositifs de visualisation par cathodoluminescence |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5828162A (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP0712146B1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JPH08241664A (fr) |
| DE (1) | DE69510521T2 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2726688B1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (23)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1997018576A1 (fr) * | 1995-11-15 | 1997-05-22 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Emetteurs de champ en poudres de diamant et cathodes d'emission de champ produites a partir de ces poudres |
| CN1202271A (zh) * | 1995-11-15 | 1998-12-16 | 纳幕尔杜邦公司 | 利用颗粒状场致发射材料制造场致发射阴极的方法 |
| GB2322471A (en) * | 1997-02-24 | 1998-08-26 | Ibm | Self stabilising cathode |
| WO1999040601A1 (fr) * | 1998-02-09 | 1999-08-12 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Dispositif emetteur d'electrons, son procede de production, et son procede d'excitation; afficheur d'images comprenant ledit emetteur d'electrons et son procede de fabrication |
| JPH11329217A (ja) * | 1998-05-15 | 1999-11-30 | Sony Corp | 電界放出型カソードの製造方法 |
| JP2000182508A (ja) * | 1998-12-16 | 2000-06-30 | Sony Corp | 電界放出型カソード、電子放出装置、および電子放出装置の製造方法 |
| JP3595718B2 (ja) * | 1999-03-15 | 2004-12-02 | 株式会社東芝 | 表示素子およびその製造方法 |
| JP2000306492A (ja) * | 1999-04-21 | 2000-11-02 | Hitachi Powdered Metals Co Ltd | 電界放出型カソード、電子放出装置、および電子放出装置の製造方法 |
| EP1073090A3 (fr) * | 1999-07-27 | 2003-04-16 | Iljin Nanotech Co., Ltd. | Dispositif d'affichage à émission de champ utilisant des nanotubes de carbone, et procédé de fabrication |
| JP2001043790A (ja) * | 1999-07-29 | 2001-02-16 | Sony Corp | 冷陰極電界電子放出素子の製造方法及び冷陰極電界電子放出表示装置の製造方法 |
| US6342755B1 (en) * | 1999-08-11 | 2002-01-29 | Sony Corporation | Field emission cathodes having an emitting layer comprised of electron emitting particles and insulating particles |
| GB9919737D0 (en) * | 1999-08-21 | 1999-10-20 | Printable Field Emitters Limit | Field emitters and devices |
| US6384520B1 (en) | 1999-11-24 | 2002-05-07 | Sony Corporation | Cathode structure for planar emitter field emission displays |
| JP2001185019A (ja) | 1999-12-27 | 2001-07-06 | Hitachi Powdered Metals Co Ltd | 電界放出型カソード、電子放出装置、及び電子放出装置の製造方法 |
| JP3953276B2 (ja) * | 2000-02-04 | 2007-08-08 | 株式会社アルバック | グラファイトナノファイバー、電子放出源及びその作製方法、該電子放出源を有する表示素子、並びにリチウムイオン二次電池 |
| JP3730476B2 (ja) | 2000-03-31 | 2006-01-05 | 株式会社東芝 | 電界放出型冷陰極及びその製造方法 |
| KR100366705B1 (ko) * | 2000-05-26 | 2003-01-09 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 전기 화학 중합을 이용한 탄소나노튜브 에미터 제조 방법 |
| WO2002103737A2 (fr) * | 2001-06-14 | 2002-12-27 | Hyperion Catalysis International, Inc. | Dispositif a emission de champ utilisant nanotubes de carbone des bombardes par des ions |
| US7210978B2 (en) * | 2004-04-14 | 2007-05-01 | Teco Nanotech Co., Ltd. | Electron-emission type field-emission display and method of fabricating the same |
| CN100405523C (zh) * | 2004-04-23 | 2008-07-23 | 清华大学 | 场发射显示器 |
| US7736209B2 (en) * | 2004-09-10 | 2010-06-15 | Applied Nanotech Holdings, Inc. | Enhanced electron field emission from carbon nanotubes without activation |
| CN100370571C (zh) * | 2004-11-12 | 2008-02-20 | 清华大学 | 场发射阴极和场发射装置 |
| TWI309843B (en) * | 2006-06-19 | 2009-05-11 | Tatung Co | Electron emission source and field emission display device |
Family Cites Families (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2293593A (en) | 1941-07-25 | 1942-08-18 | Albert Shelby | Hair treating apparatus |
| US4084942A (en) * | 1975-08-27 | 1978-04-18 | Villalobos Humberto Fernandez | Ultrasharp diamond edges and points and method of making |
| FR2593953B1 (fr) | 1986-01-24 | 1988-04-29 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede de fabrication d'un dispositif de visualisation par cathodoluminescence excitee par emission de champ |
| FR2623013A1 (fr) | 1987-11-06 | 1989-05-12 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Source d'electrons a cathodes emissives a micropointes et dispositif de visualisation par cathodoluminescence excitee par emission de champ,utilisant cette source |
| US5225820A (en) * | 1988-06-29 | 1993-07-06 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique | Microtip trichromatic fluorescent screen |
| FR2663462B1 (fr) | 1990-06-13 | 1992-09-11 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Source d'electrons a cathodes emissives a micropointes. |
| JP3255960B2 (ja) * | 1991-09-30 | 2002-02-12 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | 冷陰極エミッタ素子 |
| US5199918A (en) * | 1991-11-07 | 1993-04-06 | Microelectronics And Computer Technology Corporation | Method of forming field emitter device with diamond emission tips |
| US5252833A (en) * | 1992-02-05 | 1993-10-12 | Motorola, Inc. | Electron source for depletion mode electron emission apparatus |
| FR2687839B1 (fr) * | 1992-02-26 | 1994-04-08 | Commissariat A Energie Atomique | Source d'electrons a cathodes emissives a micropointes et dispositif de visualisation par cathodoluminescence excitee par emission de champ utilisant cette source. |
| US5289086A (en) * | 1992-05-04 | 1994-02-22 | Motorola, Inc. | Electron device employing a diamond film electron source |
| US5473218A (en) * | 1994-05-31 | 1995-12-05 | Motorola, Inc. | Diamond cold cathode using patterned metal for electron emission control |
-
1994
- 1994-11-08 FR FR9413371A patent/FR2726688B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1995
- 1995-10-20 US US08/546,396 patent/US5828162A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-11-03 DE DE69510521T patent/DE69510521T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-11-03 EP EP95402450A patent/EP0712146B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-11-08 JP JP31375995A patent/JPH08241664A/ja active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2726688B1 (fr) | 1996-12-06 |
| FR2726688A1 (fr) | 1996-05-10 |
| EP0712146A1 (fr) | 1996-05-15 |
| US5828162A (en) | 1998-10-27 |
| JPH08241664A (ja) | 1996-09-17 |
| DE69510521T2 (de) | 2000-03-16 |
| DE69510521D1 (de) | 1999-08-05 |
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