EP0685567B1 - Acier inoxydable ferritique à usinabilité améliorée - Google Patents

Acier inoxydable ferritique à usinabilité améliorée Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0685567B1
EP0685567B1 EP95400951A EP95400951A EP0685567B1 EP 0685567 B1 EP0685567 B1 EP 0685567B1 EP 95400951 A EP95400951 A EP 95400951A EP 95400951 A EP95400951 A EP 95400951A EP 0685567 B1 EP0685567 B1 EP 0685567B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
steel
ferritic
steels
composition
calcium
Prior art date
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP95400951A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0685567A1 (fr
Inventor
Pierre Pedarre
Pascal Terrien
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Ugitech SA
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Ugine Savoie Imphy SA
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/60—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing lead, selenium, tellurium, or antimony, or more than 0.04% by weight of sulfur
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a structural stainless steel ferritic and improved machinability, usable in particular in the field bar turning.
  • stainless steels we mean iron alloys containing at least 10.5% chromium.
  • Document FR-A-2 456 785 discloses a free-cutting stainless steel having excellent machinability and which can contain up to 40% Ni and Te, so that the% Te /% S ratio is greater than 0.04 .
  • Ferritic stainless steels are characterized by a determined composition, the ferritic structure being notably ensured, after lamination and cooling of the composition, by treatment thermal annealing giving them said structure.
  • the structure of the steel can be two-phase, ferritic and austenitic. If the cooling is, by energetic example, the final structure is ferritic and martensitic. If he is slower, the austenite partially decomposes into ferrite and carbides, but with a richer carbide content than the surrounding matrix, the austenite having solubilized hot more carbon than the ferrite. In the two cases, an income or annealing must therefore be practiced on steels hot rolled and cooled to generate a fully structured ferritic. Tempering can be done at a temperature of around 820 ° C lower than the transition temperature alpha ⁇ gamma A1, which generates a precipitation of carbides.
  • the carbon combines with stabilizing elements such as titanium and / or niobium and no longer participates in the formation of the gamma-gene phase, no longer present in the matrix. In this case, it is possible to obtain after hot rolling a steel whose structure is completely ferritic.
  • the thermal conductivity of ferritic steels is very low. It is between that of martensitic steels and that of steels austenitics at room temperature. It is equivalent to the thermal conductivity of austenitic steels at temperatures between 800 ° C and 1000 ° C, temperatures which correspond to steel temperatures during machining.
  • the expansion coefficient thermal of ferritic steels is about 60% higher than that austenitic steels.
  • ferritic steels have characteristics significantly lower than those of martensitic steels and austenitics.
  • the following table presents a series of stainless, ferritic, martensitic, austenitic steels and the corresponding mechanical characteristics (Rm).
  • Stainless steel Standardized RM MPa
  • Ferritic AISI 430 Z8 C17
  • 440 - 640 AISI 430F Z20 CF17
  • 440 - 640 Martensitic AISI 420A Z20 C13
  • 700 - 850 AISI 420B Z33 C13
  • 850 - 1000 F16 H (Z7CNU16-04) (hardened) 930 - 1100 Austenitic AISI 304 (Z6 CNT18 10) 510 - 710
  • the flow stress at a rolling temperature of 1100 ° C and for a deformation speed of 1 s -1 is 110 MPa for martensitic steel of type AISI 420 A, of 130 MPa for an austenitic steel of type AISI 304 whereas it is 30 MPa for a ferritic steel of type AISI 430.
  • Steels of ferritic structure are not subjected to a rapid quenching or quenching type cooling like steels martensitic or austenitic. However, they are generally subject very specific delayed heat treatments which give them their structure. Deferred heat treatments also aim to homogenize the chromium element and avoid the creation of carbide chromium and the appearance of chromium-depleted areas.
  • steels of ferritic structure with 17% chromium non-stabilized have, after rolling, a ferritic and martensitic structure.
  • Heat treatment on the one hand ensures the transformation of the martensite made of ferrite and carbides and on the other hand, a distribution uniform chrome.
  • stainless steels ferritics pose very different machinability problems than those encountered with stainless steels of austenitic structure or martensitic.
  • ferritic steels a big drawback of ferritic steels is the poor chip conformation. They produce long chips and tangled, which are very difficult to fragment. It is then necessary operators to stay close to the machine to clear tools. This disadvantage can become very disadvantageous in machining modes where the chip is confined, such as in deep drilling, the cutting ...
  • Another solution to overcome machining problems ferritic steels is to introduce sulfur into their composition.
  • the sulfur forms with manganese manganese sulfides which have a favorable effect on chip fragmentation and incidentally on tool life.
  • sulfur degrades the properties of ferritic steel, in particular hot and cold deformability, and corrosion resistance.
  • Said ferritic steels usually contain hard inclusions of chromite (Cr Mn, Al Ti) O, alumina (AlMg) O, silicate (SiMn) O type, abrasives for cutting tools. It has been found that resulphurized ferritic steels have good machinability, however, in addition to corrosion resistance, the mechanical properties in the cross direction are greatly degraded.
  • the object of the invention is to propose a ferritic steel with machinability improved with characteristics far superior to those, for example, resulphurized ferritic steels and, in another form, to present a machinable ferritic steel containing little or no sulfur.
  • Figures 1 and 2 show a conformation diagram of the chips depending on the machining conditions respectively for a known non-resulfurized AISI 430 ferritic steel, designated by the reference A and for an AISI 304 austenitic steel.
  • Figure 3 shows different chip conformations machining results when turning different metals.
  • Figure 4 is a ternary diagram defining the compositions of the malleable oxides introduced into the composition of ferritic steel according to the invention.
  • Figures 5 and 6 show a conformation diagram of chips depending on the machining conditions respectively for a known ferritic steel C AISI 430F resulfurized and for a ferritic steel resulfurized S according to the invention.
  • Figure 7 is a diagram showing three curves machinability test characteristics, one of which corresponds to steel of reference A, the other two corresponding to two steels in the the invention C1 and C2 and containing little sulfur.
  • Figure 8 presents a diagram schematically the conformation of chips depending on the tool feed and the depth of the machining pass for a C2 steel according to the invention.
  • austenitic stainless steels have the disadvantage of being hardenable and of wearing out the cutting tools very quickly, the conformation of the chips is bad, but without comparison with that of ferritic steels.
  • Figures 1 and 2 show a conformation diagram of shavings depending on the feed and the depth of the machining pass determined respectively for non-resulfurized AISI 430 ferritic steel corresponding to the reference A and an AISI 304 austenitic steel.
  • the Figure 3 is a table which associates with different chip conformations a coefficient comprising several successive digits, the first digit defining different general images of the chip, forming the columns of the table such as 1: ribbon chip; 2: tubular chip; 3: chip spiral ..., 4: helical chip in washer; 5: conical helical chip; 6: arched chip; 7: elementary chip; 8: needle chip, the second figure defining a dimension and shape characteristic classified in each of the columns such as: 1: long; 2: short .; 3: tangled ; 4: flat; 5: conical; 6: attached; 7: detached.
  • Martensitic stainless steels have characteristics high mechanical properties, which generates high cutting temperatures and rapid tool wear.
  • ferritic stainless steel with improved machinability usable in particular in the field of bar turning, comprises in its composition by weight, less than 0.17% of carbon, less than 2% of silicon, less than 2% of manganese, 11 to 20% chromium, less than 1% nickel, less than 0.55% sulfur, more than 30 10 -4 % calcium and more than 70 10 -4 % oxygen, steel being subjected, after preparation, to an annealing treatment to give it a ferritic structure.
  • the rolling temperatures of ferritic steels are lower than the rolling temperatures of steels of another structure, and the flow stress of ferritic steels remains very low at these rolling temperatures.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 represent a diagram of conformation of chips as a function of a feed of the tool and a depth of machining pass determined, respectively for a steel referenced C of the type AISI 430F resulfurized and for a steel S , resulfurized according to the invention.
  • the composition of the reference steel C is presented in Table 1.
  • steel VS Yes Mn Or Cr Ref. C 0.062 0.505 0.680 0.273 16.1 steel Mo Cu S P N2 Ref. C 0.214 0.091 0.298 0.022 0.037
  • Table 2 The composition of the steel S according to the invention is given in table 2.
  • the phenomenon of removal of the chip is very special. Without being clearly marked on the chip, fragmentation is significantly increased.
  • the controlled introduction of calcium and oxygen has also carried out in a ferritic steel having, in its composition, a sulfur content of less than 0.035%
  • the steels according to the invention may also contain less than 3% molybdenum, an element improving resistance to corrosion. It has been found that a steel of ferritic structure according to the invention does not containing little or no sulfur, has greatly improved machining of in such a way that this steel can be used industrially in bar turning, while having good resistance to corrosion.
  • a machinability comparison is presented between the steel referenced A, non-resulfurized ferritic and not containing an oxide of the anorthite, gehlenite and pseudowollastonite type and two steels C1 and C2, C2 being in the field of the invention.
  • Table 3 shows the composition of the reference steel A.
  • Table 4 shows the composition of steels C1 and C2, C2 being in the field of the invention.
  • comparative steel C1 because of its composition does not contain enough so-called malleable oxides of the anothite, gehlenite type, pseudowollostonite, due to the lack of calcium in the metal.
  • the steel C2 according to the invention has a clearly higher fragmentation zone than steel reference A, and even close to the reference steel C which is a steel resulphurized ferritic.
  • malleable oxides are likely to deform in the rolling direction, while the hard oxides they replace have the shape of grains.
  • the inclusions chosen according to the invention reduce so consequent the rate of breakage of the drawn wire.
  • ferritic stainless steels in the form of wires comprising malleable inclusions, subjected to shaving have characteristics which ensure the formation of steel wool strands of longer average length and allow shaving with wires much lower residuals, which saves on material.
  • Ferritic steel, according to the invention comprising inclusions malleable can be polished much more easily to obtain an improved polished surface finish.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)
  • Transmission Devices (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Sheet Steel (AREA)
  • Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
  • Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
EP95400951A 1994-05-31 1995-04-27 Acier inoxydable ferritique à usinabilité améliorée Expired - Lifetime EP0685567B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9406590A FR2720410B1 (fr) 1994-05-31 1994-05-31 Acier inoxydable ferritique à usinabilité améliorée.
FR9406590 1994-05-31

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0685567A1 EP0685567A1 (fr) 1995-12-06
EP0685567B1 true EP0685567B1 (fr) 2000-05-17

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Family Applications (1)

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EP95400951A Expired - Lifetime EP0685567B1 (fr) 1994-05-31 1995-04-27 Acier inoxydable ferritique à usinabilité améliorée

Country Status (23)

Country Link
US (1) US5496515A (ko)
EP (1) EP0685567B1 (ko)
JP (1) JPH07331391A (ko)
KR (1) KR100316543B1 (ko)
AT (1) ATE193064T1 (ko)
CA (1) CA2150445C (ko)
CZ (1) CZ288539B6 (ko)
DE (1) DE69516937T2 (ko)
DK (1) DK0685567T3 (ko)
EG (1) EG20895A (ko)
ES (1) ES2147824T3 (ko)
FI (1) FI111557B (ko)
FR (1) FR2720410B1 (ko)
GR (1) GR3034002T3 (ko)
IL (1) IL113508A (ko)
NO (1) NO310244B1 (ko)
PL (1) PL179042B1 (ko)
PT (1) PT685567E (ko)
RO (1) RO116416B1 (ko)
RU (1) RU2132886C1 (ko)
SI (1) SI9500179B (ko)
TW (1) TW364018B (ko)
UA (1) UA39190C2 (ko)

Families Citing this family (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2740783B1 (fr) * 1995-11-03 1998-03-06 Ugine Savoie Sa Acier inoxydable ferritique utilisable pour la production de laine d'acier
US5707586A (en) * 1995-12-19 1998-01-13 Crs Holdings, Inc. Free machining stainless steel and components for automotive fuel and exhaust systems made therefrom
JP3777756B2 (ja) * 1997-11-12 2006-05-24 大同特殊鋼株式会社 フェライト系快削ステンレス鋼で製造した電子機器部品
FR2805829B1 (fr) * 2000-03-03 2002-07-19 Ugine Savoie Imphy Acier inoxydable austenitique a haute usinabilite, resulfure, et comportant une resistance a la corrosion amelioree
FR2811683B1 (fr) * 2000-07-12 2002-08-30 Ugine Savoie Imphy Acier inoxydable ferritique utilisable pour des pieces ferromagnetiques
DE10143390B4 (de) * 2001-09-04 2014-12-24 Stahlwerk Ergste Westig Gmbh Kaltverformbarer korrosionsbeständiger Chromstahl
FR2832734B1 (fr) * 2001-11-26 2004-10-08 Usinor Acier inoxydable ferritique au soufre, utilisable pour des pieces ferromagnetiques
US7981561B2 (en) * 2005-06-15 2011-07-19 Ati Properties, Inc. Interconnects for solid oxide fuel cells and ferritic stainless steels adapted for use with solid oxide fuel cells
US8158057B2 (en) * 2005-06-15 2012-04-17 Ati Properties, Inc. Interconnects for solid oxide fuel cells and ferritic stainless steels adapted for use with solid oxide fuel cells
US7842434B2 (en) * 2005-06-15 2010-11-30 Ati Properties, Inc. Interconnects for solid oxide fuel cells and ferritic stainless steels adapted for use with solid oxide fuel cells
DE102004063161B4 (de) * 2004-04-01 2006-02-02 Stahlwerk Ergste Westig Gmbh Kaltverformbarer Chromstahl
SE528680C2 (sv) * 2004-06-30 2007-01-23 Sandvik Intellectual Property Ferritisk blyfri rostfri stållegering
JP5387057B2 (ja) * 2008-03-07 2014-01-15 Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 耐熱性と靭性に優れるフェライト系ステンレス鋼
DE102009038386A1 (de) 2009-08-24 2011-03-03 Stahlwerk Ergste Gmbh Weichmagnetischer ferritischer Chromstahl
UA111115C2 (uk) 2012-04-02 2016-03-25 Ейкей Стіл Пропертіс, Інк. Рентабельна феритна нержавіюча сталь
US20140065005A1 (en) * 2012-08-31 2014-03-06 Eizo Yoshitake Ferritic Stainless Steel with Excellent Oxidation Resistance, Good High Temperature Strength, and Good Formability

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3018537A1 (de) * 1979-05-17 1980-11-27 Daido Steel Co Ltd Kontrollierte einschluesse enthaltender automatenstahl und verfahren zu seiner herstellung
JPH0215143A (ja) * 1988-06-30 1990-01-18 Aichi Steel Works Ltd 冷間鍛造用軟磁性ステンレス鋼
FR2648477B1 (fr) * 1989-06-16 1993-04-30 Ugine Savoie Sa Acier inoxydable austenitique resulfure a usinabilite amelioree
FR2690169B1 (fr) * 1992-04-17 1994-09-23 Ugine Savoie Sa Acier inoxydable austénitique à haute usinabilité et à déformation à froid améliorée.
FR2706489B1 (fr) * 1993-06-14 1995-09-01 Ugine Savoie Sa Acier inoxydable martensitique à usinabilité améliorée.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69516937T2 (de) 2001-02-01
DE69516937D1 (de) 2000-06-21
CA2150445C (fr) 2001-04-10
KR950032681A (ko) 1995-12-22
RU95108546A (ru) 1997-04-20
PL179042B1 (pl) 2000-07-31
CZ129095A3 (en) 1995-12-13
FI952660A0 (fi) 1995-05-31
SI9500179A (en) 1996-02-29
ATE193064T1 (de) 2000-06-15
ES2147824T3 (es) 2000-10-01
CA2150445A1 (fr) 1995-12-01
US5496515A (en) 1996-03-05
JPH07331391A (ja) 1995-12-19
GR3034002T3 (en) 2000-11-30
TW364018B (en) 1999-07-11
EG20895A (en) 2000-05-31
FR2720410A1 (fr) 1995-12-01
IL113508A (en) 1999-03-12
PL308694A1 (en) 1995-12-11
RU2132886C1 (ru) 1999-07-10
IL113508A0 (en) 1995-07-31
DK0685567T3 (da) 2000-10-02
PT685567E (pt) 2000-10-31
NO310244B1 (no) 2001-06-11
FI111557B (fi) 2003-08-15
FR2720410B1 (fr) 1996-06-28
EP0685567A1 (fr) 1995-12-06
NO952106L (no) 1995-12-01
UA39190C2 (uk) 2001-06-15
FI952660A (fi) 1995-12-01
SI9500179B (en) 2001-12-31
NO952106D0 (no) 1995-05-29
RO116416B1 (ro) 2001-01-30
KR100316543B1 (ko) 2002-02-19
CZ288539B6 (cs) 2001-07-11

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