EP0681104B1 - Soupape d'injection de carburant - Google Patents

Soupape d'injection de carburant Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0681104B1
EP0681104B1 EP95105248A EP95105248A EP0681104B1 EP 0681104 B1 EP0681104 B1 EP 0681104B1 EP 95105248 A EP95105248 A EP 95105248A EP 95105248 A EP95105248 A EP 95105248A EP 0681104 B1 EP0681104 B1 EP 0681104B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
insert
fuel injection
injection valve
main body
gas
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP95105248A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0681104A1 (fr
Inventor
Uwe Dipl.-Ing. Grytz (Fh)
Stefan Dipl.-Ing. Lauter (Fh)
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP0681104A1 publication Critical patent/EP0681104A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0681104B1 publication Critical patent/EP0681104B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M69/00—Low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus ; Apparatus with both continuous and intermittent injection; Apparatus injecting different types of fuel
    • F02M69/08—Low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus ; Apparatus with both continuous and intermittent injection; Apparatus injecting different types of fuel characterised by the fuel being carried by compressed air into main stream of combustion-air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
    • F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
    • F02M51/061—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means
    • F02M51/0625—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures
    • F02M51/0664—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures having a cylindrically or partly cylindrically shaped armature, e.g. entering the winding; having a plate-shaped or undulated armature entering the winding
    • F02M51/0671—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures having a cylindrically or partly cylindrically shaped armature, e.g. entering the winding; having a plate-shaped or undulated armature entering the winding the armature having an elongated valve body attached thereto
    • F02M51/0675—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures having a cylindrically or partly cylindrically shaped armature, e.g. entering the winding; having a plate-shaped or undulated armature entering the winding the armature having an elongated valve body attached thereto the valve body having cylindrical guiding or metering portions, e.g. with fuel passages
    • F02M51/0678—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures having a cylindrically or partly cylindrically shaped armature, e.g. entering the winding; having a plate-shaped or undulated armature entering the winding the armature having an elongated valve body attached thereto the valve body having cylindrical guiding or metering portions, e.g. with fuel passages all portions having fuel passages, e.g. flats, grooves, diameter reductions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M69/00—Low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus ; Apparatus with both continuous and intermittent injection; Apparatus injecting different types of fuel
    • F02M69/04—Injectors peculiar thereto
    • F02M69/047—Injectors peculiar thereto injectors with air chambers, e.g. communicating with atmosphere for aerating the nozzles

Definitions

  • the invention is based on a fuel injector according to the genus of the main claim. It's already a Electromagnetically actuated valve for the injection of a Fuel-gas mixture in a mixture compression spark ignition internal combustion engine from WO 93/09344 known that a two-part attachment body on his has downstream end.
  • the largely tubular The basic body is designed so that it is between itself and the nozzle body of the valve one or more Forms gas supply channels.
  • a fuel to be sprayed Gas to be supplied flows through these gas supply channels and is then largely at right angles in flow openings flat insert part initiated.
  • the circular Insert lies between the valve end and the Base body embedded and fixed in front and is from Radially completely enclosed base body.
  • Injection valves (US Pat. No. 4,982,716) are also known, where an adapter is provided at the downstream end is formed in the air supply channels. Downstream a single spray opening is one in the adapter Baffle provided on which the hosed Fuel jet hits and film-like in two Spray channels is directed to the after Impact formed fuel films targeted air from the Air supply channels is directed. A measurement of the air can and will only take place via the air supply ducts inevitably determined by their cross sections.
  • the fuel injector according to the invention with the has characteristic features of the main claim in contrast the advantage that a separation of functions from Gas supply and metering compared to the sealing of the Fuel injector to an intake line and the Attachment of the attachment body to the fuel injector is made so that each function is better for itself is guaranteed. It also results from the constructive Designing a large variety that is very simple and can be achieved inexpensively.
  • the front body is in two parts, namely consisting of a tubular body and an in at least one slot opening of the base body insertable flat insert.
  • the insert mainly for gas supply and metering responsible.
  • Beam splitter can be provided, the double radiation of the Fuel injector maintained or reinforced.
  • the insert part To ensure a clear installation position of the insert in the base body ensure it is favorable if the insert part one has a trapezoidal cross-section.
  • the inflow cross section can be of different geometries and thus affect the gas throughput very easily and adjust to an optimum according to the requirements.
  • a large variety of variants can be very easily achieve that for different specific applications only the Insert parts exchanged be, while the basic body is reusable. It So there is a modular system.
  • Embodiments of the invention are in the drawing shown in simplified form and in the following Description explained in more detail.
  • 1 shows it partially illustrated fuel injector
  • Figure 2 an attachment body according to the invention
  • Figure 3 shows a section along the line III-III in Figure 2
  • Figure 4 is a section along the line IV-IV in Figure 3 according to a first Embodiment
  • Figure 5 shows a section through the Attachment body according to a second embodiment
  • Figure 6 is a perspective view of the front body.
  • Valve 1 is a first exemplary embodiment Valve in the form of a fuel injector for Fuel injection systems from mixture compressors spark-ignited internal combustion engines partially shown. This is used together with an attachment body according to the invention Fuel injection valve for injecting a fuel-gas mixture into an intake pipe or directly into the Combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine.
  • Fuel injector 1 extends concentrically along a valve longitudinal axis 2.
  • the fuel injector 1 nozzle body 5 extending at the downstream end on.
  • a stepped longitudinal bore 7 is in the nozzle body 5 formed, which is concentric with the valve longitudinal axis 2 runs and in which a z.
  • B. needle-shaped Valve closing part 10 is arranged.
  • the valve closing part 10 has, for example, two guide sections 11, 12, which together with a guide area 13 of the wall of the Longitudinal bore 7 of the nozzle body 5 of the guide of the Serve valve closing part 10.
  • the longitudinal bore 7 of the Nozzle body 5 has one at its downstream end frustoconical in the direction of the fuel flow tapered fixed valve seat 15 which with a Direction of fuel flow in the shape of a truncated cone Sealing section 17 of the valve closing part 10 together Seat valve forms.
  • Valve closing part 10 At its end facing away from the sealing section 17, this is Valve closing part 10 with a tubular armature 20 connected to the anchor 20 in the axial direction partially surrounding magnetic coil 22 and an armature 20th in the fixed valve seat 15 facing away opposite tubular core 23 of the Fuel injector 1 interacts.
  • a return spring 25 On the one with the Armature 20 connected end of the valve closing part 10 is located a return spring 25 with one end that strives is, the valve closing part 10 in the direction of the fixed To move valve seat 15. Props with its other end the return spring 25 on a z.
  • Spray plate 32 On an end face 30 of the core facing away from the core 23 Nozzle body 5 of fuel injector 1 is one Spray plate 32 on, for example, by a welded with laser welding Nozzle body 5 is connected.
  • the spray plate 32 has For example, four spray openings 33 through which the with the valve closing part 10 lifted off on the valve seat 15 fuel flowing past is hosed down.
  • an attachment body 50 provided for example from plastic.
  • the use of recirculated exhaust gas enables a reduction of pollutant emissions Internal combustion engine.
  • the supply of the gas up to the Attachment body 50 is not shown in detail in FIG. 1.
  • the attachment body 50 is formed in two parts, one tubular base body 51 the downstream end of the Nozzle body 5 radially surrounds and for example by Snap is attached to this.
  • the base body 51 also extends downstream in the axial direction the spray plate 32.
  • a in the base body 51st insertable flat insert 52 is built in State immediately downstream of the orifice plate 32 arranged.
  • the insert 52 is designed so that a Gas coming from outside the attachment body 50 into the Interior of the attachment body 50 directly downstream of the Spray plate 32 can flow. In addition to the supply of Gases takes over the insert 52 also the function of Measurement of the gas throughput by the resulting free Flow cross-section.
  • the flow cross section for the gas in the insert part 52 tapers from the outer circumference Longitudinal valve axis 2 out, so that the gas accelerates strongly is and the emerging from the spray openings 33 and the insert 52 axially flowing fuel on the the gas hits vertically, is atomized particularly finely.
  • the attachment body 50 is separated again in FIG of the injection valve as an independent component on average shown.
  • the attachment body 50 is made up of two individual parts formed, namely by the tubular base body 51 and from the flat disc-shaped insert part 52, which in the Base body 51 can be inserted.
  • the base body 51 consists of an upstream support section 54 and a downstream beam splitting section 55 together. While the support section 54 is a completely cylindrical Has a contour with a constant outside diameter Beam splitting section 55 three annular areas different outside diameter, which are concentric to the longitudinal axis 2 of the valve and axially on each other consequences.
  • annular groove 58 Two radial to the same degree over the Ring portions 57 projecting from the carrier section 54 are used to form an annular groove 58 into which a sealing ring 59 for Sealing between the circumference of the injector and one Not shown valve holder, for example the Intake pipe of the internal combustion engine can be used can.
  • the annular groove 58 is axial through the two ring areas 57 and radially delimited by a groove base 60, the one smaller diameter than the outer diameter of the Has carrier section 54, but for example the same is the same as the diameter of the inner wall of the tubular support section 54.
  • the entire base body 51 is on the injection valve, specifically on the nozzle body 5 by snapping one in Carrier section 54 formed circumferentially, of the Inner wall radially in the direction of the valve longitudinal axis 2 extending and low height bead 62 in a circumferential groove 64 attached to the nozzle body 5 so that no danger of the connection being loosened by vibrations or temperature effects.
  • Carrier section 54 formed circumferentially, of the Inner wall radially in the direction of the valve longitudinal axis 2 extending and low height bead 62 in a circumferential groove 64 attached to the nozzle body 5 so that no danger of the connection being loosened by vibrations or temperature effects.
  • Selection of the bead 62 and the groove 64 can also be a complete security against rotation can be guaranteed.
  • Means e.g. interlocking and interacting recesses or elevations on the bead 62 and in the groove 64 is the Anti-rotation lock reached.
  • connection types of the attachment body 50 on the nozzle body 5 instead of snapping into place such as e.g. Gluing or shrinking, but the inseparable connections surrender.
  • the attachment body is secured against rotation 50 by a knurl or surfaces in the bottom of the groove 64 am Nozzle body 5 possible.
  • the carrier section 54 has two offset by 180 ° and thus exactly opposite areas of its circumference Slot openings 65 with a trapezoidal cross section through which the flat insert 52 is inserted.
  • the slot openings 65 are exactly the same in the downstream End of the support section 54 introduced that the Insert part 52 on one of the upper ring area 57 radially inwardly extending shoulder 67, the axial Direction is thus viewed precisely in the level of the transition lies from the carrier section 54 to the beam splitting section 55, is moved along during insertion and then lies there.
  • the insert 52 has the slot openings accordingly 65 also a trapezoidal cross-section with two flat side surfaces 68 to a defined installation position to guarantee. This can be done from the two slot openings 65 Insert 52 are inserted identically. Next the two flat side surfaces 68 of the insert part 52 that the trapezoidal cross-section is formed are two rounded side surfaces 69 provided on insert 52, which the outer contour of the insert 52 between the planes Complete side surfaces 68. This rounded Side surfaces 69 are designed so that they are the same Have radius as the base body 51 and thus in inserted state the base body 51 to the outside finish flush. The shape of the insert 52 will particularly in Figures 4 to 6 clearly.
  • a beam splitter 72 it is appropriate in the beam splitting section 55 of the Basic body 51 to provide a beam splitter 72.
  • Beam splitter 72 can be the most varied Have embodiments that depend on the desired beam angles and images can be selected can.
  • the beam splitter 72 is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 shown by way of example with a pointed cutting edge 73 which is directed toward the orifice plate 32, while starting from the cutting edge 73 of the beam splitter 72 in downstream direction becomes wider in cross section, so that it has a triangular cross section.
  • the Double jet which is already through the spray openings 33 the spray plate 32 is generated, but by the intermediate gas supply can be impaired remains or is retained by the beam splitter 72 reinforced.
  • the longitudinal valve axis 2 runs exactly in the center through the beam splitter 72, the beam splitter 72 is formed in one piece with the base body 51 and thus from a peripheral region of the beam splitting section 55 a circumferential region lying opposite one another, as shown in Figure 3.
  • the beam splitter 72 divides one inner circular spray chamber 75 of the Beam splitting section 55 into two subspaces of equal size, if a symmetrical beam distribution is required.
  • The is the radial direction of extent of the beam splitter 72 for example identical to the direction of insertion of the Insert part 52.
  • On a beam splitter 72 in the base body 51 can of course also be dispensed with if one Multi-jet fuel is not required.
  • FIG. 3 shows a section along the line III-III in of Figure 2, so that the attachment body 50 is now rotated by 90 ° compared to Figure 2 can be seen.
  • This view will clearly that the beam splitter 72 completely the Spray chamber 75 divides and integrally with the base body 51 is trained.
  • the insert Has 52 areas that extend in the axial direction extend different distances.
  • To a medium one circular opening 77 extend from the rounded Side surfaces 69 starting from two tapered Inflow areas 78 which have a smaller axial extent have as from the flat side surfaces 68 to the opening 77 running boundaries 79.
  • the inflow areas 78 completely surrounded channels for the Gas supply is the side of flanks 80 of the Limiting regions 79 and axially from an inflow floor 81 and the carrier section 54 or the spray perforated disk 32 be limited. It is also possible to replace the initially open inflow areas 78 are already complete to provide enclosed inflow channels in the insert part 52.
  • the flanks 80 are the Boundary areas 79 executed spirally.
  • the inflow area 78 tapers starting from one large cross section on the rounded side surfaces 69 to towards a very small cross section directly at the Opening 77.
  • the swirling gas thus becomes strong accelerates, meets in the opening 77 from the Spray plate 32 coming fuel, so that also in Fuel-gas mixture contains a swirl component.
  • Figure 6 shows a perspective view of the in the Figures 2 to 4 already with sectional views illustrated embodiment of the front body 50.
  • this front body 50 an advantageous functional separation of gas supply, -Dimensioning and dosing against the sealing of the Fuel injector 1 to an intake line and the Attachment of the attachment body 50 on Fuel injector 1 reached.
  • In addition to the variants for Formation of the inflow region 78 can also be the gas throughput by changing the diameter of the opening 77 in the Insert part 52 are calibrated.
  • the base body 51 made of a non-glass fiber reinforced polyamide, the one has sufficient extensibility, manufactured.
  • the insert 52 z. B. from a thermally stable, very precisely sprayable, highly reinforced plastic, such as Polyphenylene sulfide.
  • highly reinforced plastic such as Polyphenylene sulfide.
  • insert part 52 in the base body 51 proves to be such material pairing as cheap.
  • the exemplary embodiments described are further Inflow geometries in insert 52 conceivable.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Injecteur de carburant pour injecter un mélange gaz/carburant pour des installations d'injection de carburant de moteur à combustion interne comprenant un axe longitudinal d'injecteur (2) , un organe obturateur d'injecteur (10), mobile, un corps de buse (5) possédant un siège de soupape (15) coopérant avec l'obturateur d'injecteur (10), au moins un orifice d'éjection (33) en aval du siège de soupape (15), une pièce rapportée (50) à l'extrémité aval de l'injecteur, cette pièce ayant au moins un moyen pour assurer l'alimentation en gaz et d'où sort un mélange carburant/gaz, la pièce rapportée (50) étant formée par un organe de base (51) tubulaire s'étendant axialement et un insert (52), plat, placé dans l'organe de base (51) en aval d'au moins un orifice d'éjection (33) et dans l'insert (52), il y a au moins une zone d'alimentation (78) pour le gaz qui arrive dans une ouverture (77),
    caractérisé en ce que
    l'organe de base (51) possède au moins une ouverture en forme de fente (65) et l'insert (52) se glisse à travers au moins une ouverture en forme de fente (65) sensiblement transversalement à l'axe longitudinal (2) de l'injecteur.
  2. Injecteur selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce qu'
    à la fois l'organe de base (51) et l'insert (52) sont fabriqués en matière plastique.
  3. Injecteur selon la revendication 2,
    caractérisé en ce que
    l'organe de base (51) est réalisé en une polyamide non renforcée et l'insert (52) en polyphénylènesulfure.
  4. Injecteur selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce que
    les ouvertures en forme de fentes (65) ont à la périphérie de l'organe de base (51) une section trapézoïdale.
  5. Injecteur selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce qu'
    un diviseur de faisceau (72) est prévu en aval de l'insert (52), en faisant une seule pièce avec l'organe de base (51).
  6. Injecteur selon la revendication 1 ou 4,
    caractérisé en ce que
    l'insert (52) possède une section trapézoïdale et délimitée par des surfaces latérales planes (68) et des surfaces latérales arrondies (69).
  7. Injecteur selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce que
    l'insert (52) comporte en plus des zones d'alimentation (78) également une plage limite (79) qui la limite au moins partiellement et ayant une extension différente en direction de l'axe longitudinal de la soupape.
  8. Injecteur selon la revendication 1 ou 7,
    caractérisé en ce que
    les zones d'alimentation (78) sont de forme triangulaire pour l'alimentation et le dosage du gaz et vont en diminuant radialement en direction de l'axe longitudinal (2) de l'injecteur.
  9. Injecteur selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 7,
    caractérisé en ce que
    les zones d'alimentation (78) pour l'alimentation et le dosage du gaz sont en forme de spirale et vont en diminuant radialement vers l'axe longitudinal (2) de l'injecteur.
  10. Injecteur selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce que
    l'insert (52) est fixé par un accrochage dans l'organe de base (51).
EP95105248A 1994-05-06 1995-04-07 Soupape d'injection de carburant Expired - Lifetime EP0681104B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4415992A DE4415992A1 (de) 1994-05-06 1994-05-06 Brennstoffeinspritzventil
DE4415992 1994-05-06

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0681104A1 EP0681104A1 (fr) 1995-11-08
EP0681104B1 true EP0681104B1 (fr) 1998-12-02

Family

ID=6517449

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP95105248A Expired - Lifetime EP0681104B1 (fr) 1994-05-06 1995-04-07 Soupape d'injection de carburant

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US5680992A (fr)
EP (1) EP0681104B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH07301167A (fr)
DE (2) DE4415992A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2125509T3 (fr)

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6045054A (en) * 1998-04-23 2000-04-04 Siemens Automotive Corporation Air shroud for air assist fuel injector
US7021570B2 (en) * 2002-07-29 2006-04-04 Denso Corporation Fuel injection device having injection hole plate
JP2004210046A (ja) * 2002-12-27 2004-07-29 Toyota Motor Corp 車輌用アンチスキッド制御装置
JP2007209493A (ja) * 2006-02-08 2007-08-23 Toto Ltd 浴槽用ノズル及び浴槽装置
US8820665B2 (en) 2007-09-25 2014-09-02 S.C. Johnson & Son, Inc. Fluid dispensing nozzle
CN102227593B (zh) 2009-01-19 2013-10-16 报知机股份有限公司 喷雾冷却设备和喷雾方法
US20100314470A1 (en) * 2009-06-11 2010-12-16 Stanadyne Corporation Injector having swirl structure downstream of valve seat
ITTO20110821A1 (it) * 2011-09-14 2013-03-15 Matrix Spa Iniettore per un impianto di alimentazione di un combustibile gassoso ad un motore endotermico
JP6411260B2 (ja) * 2015-03-20 2018-10-24 愛三工業株式会社 気体燃料の供給通路構造
CN110973096B (zh) * 2019-11-15 2021-09-21 深圳市华芯机器人技术有限责任公司 植保无人机用农药喷头

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3046890A1 (de) * 1980-12-12 1982-07-15 Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart Elektromagnetisch betaetigbares ventil, insbesondere kraftstoffeinspritzventil fuer kraftstoffeinspritzanlagen
US4982716A (en) * 1988-02-19 1991-01-08 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Fuel injection valve with an air assist adapter for an internal combustion engine
FR2635827B1 (fr) * 1988-08-30 1993-11-26 Solex Dispositif d'injection de combustible a chambre d'aeration
US5241938A (en) * 1990-03-14 1993-09-07 Aisan Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Injector with assist air passage for atomizing fuel
DE4035312A1 (de) * 1990-11-07 1992-05-14 Bosch Gmbh Robert Vorrichtung zur einspritzung eines brennstoff-gas-gemisches
US5211682A (en) * 1991-06-11 1993-05-18 Nippondenso Co., Ltd. Fuel feed apparatus of internal combustion engine and manufacturing method therefor
US5174505A (en) * 1991-11-01 1992-12-29 Siemens Automotive L.P. Air assist atomizer for fuel injector

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE4415992A1 (de) 1995-11-09
JPH07301167A (ja) 1995-11-14
EP0681104A1 (fr) 1995-11-08
DE59504385D1 (de) 1999-01-14
US5680992A (en) 1997-10-28
ES2125509T3 (es) 1999-03-01

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