EP0484681B1 - Dispositif d'injection d'un mélange de gaz et de carburant - Google Patents

Dispositif d'injection d'un mélange de gaz et de carburant Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0484681B1
EP0484681B1 EP91117093A EP91117093A EP0484681B1 EP 0484681 B1 EP0484681 B1 EP 0484681B1 EP 91117093 A EP91117093 A EP 91117093A EP 91117093 A EP91117093 A EP 91117093A EP 0484681 B1 EP0484681 B1 EP 0484681B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gas
fuel
swirl element
valve
opening
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP91117093A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0484681A1 (fr
Inventor
Uwe Dipl.-Ing. Grytz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP0484681A1 publication Critical patent/EP0484681A1/fr
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Publication of EP0484681B1 publication Critical patent/EP0484681B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M69/00—Low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus ; Apparatus with both continuous and intermittent injection; Apparatus injecting different types of fuel
    • F02M69/04—Injectors peculiar thereto
    • F02M69/047—Injectors peculiar thereto injectors with air chambers, e.g. communicating with atmosphere for aerating the nozzles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M67/00—Apparatus in which fuel-injection is effected by means of high-pressure gas, the gas carrying the fuel into working cylinders of the engine, e.g. air-injection type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M69/00—Low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus ; Apparatus with both continuous and intermittent injection; Apparatus injecting different types of fuel
    • F02M69/08—Low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus ; Apparatus with both continuous and intermittent injection; Apparatus injecting different types of fuel characterised by the fuel being carried by compressed air into main stream of combustion-air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M69/00—Low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus ; Apparatus with both continuous and intermittent injection; Apparatus injecting different types of fuel
    • F02M69/46—Details, component parts or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus covered by groups F02M69/02 - F02M69/44
    • F02M69/50—Arrangement of fuel distributors, e.g. with means for supplying equal portion of metered fuel to injectors

Definitions

  • the invention is based on a device for injecting a fuel-gas mixture according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a device for injecting a fuel-gas mixture is already known in which the fuel injector has its valve end protrudes into a longitudinal bore of a gas containment part.
  • a swirl element is provided between a bottom of the gas containment part and the valve end, which has a flow opening immediately downstream of a spray opening of the injection valve and then has a mixing opening into which swirl grooves extend, which extend over the entire axial length of the mixing opening.
  • the swirl element is arranged with a large radial distance in the longitudinal opening of the gas enclosing part, so that there is a risk of an asymmetrical gas supply via the grooves of the swirl element.
  • This device has the disadvantage that the gas flow leads to unsatisfactory swirling of the fuel, so that a relatively inhomogeneous fuel-gas mixture with relatively large fuel droplets is formed. With regard to exhaust gas emissions and fuel consumption, however, intensive swirling of the fuel and associated fine droplets of fuel have a positive effect.
  • a device for injecting a fuel-gas mixture is also known from GB-A-2 106 422, in which the fuel is sprayed off centrally through a nozzle body and a gas is directed in a swirling manner onto the sprayed-off fuel via swirl grooves provided on the circumference of the nozzle body the fuel is hit by the gas outside the device.
  • the fuel is sprayed off centrally through a nozzle body and a gas is directed in a swirling manner onto the sprayed-off fuel via swirl grooves provided on the circumference of the nozzle body the fuel is hit by the gas outside the device.
  • the flow of the gas running approximately in the direction of the sprayed-off fuel there is only an unsatisfactory swirling of the fuel with relatively large fuel droplets.
  • the device according to the invention with the characterizing features of claim 1 has the advantage that the gas emerging from the at least one curved flow channel into the mixing opening of the swirl element strikes the sprayed fuel with swirl. As a result, the fuel is swirled particularly intensively and atomized so that a very homogeneous fuel-gas mixture is formed. A homogeneous fuel-gas mixture ensures low exhaust emissions, good acceleration behavior and low fuel consumption of the internal combustion engine.
  • the device according to the invention has a simple structure and can therefore be manufactured in a simple and inexpensive manner.
  • the at least one flow channel of the swirl element has a helical curve and its cross-sectional area tapers in the direction of the mixing opening.
  • the gas flowing into the mixing opening has a strong swirl and a high flow rate.
  • the at least one flow channel opens radially into the mixing opening.
  • the gas supply channel is tangentially connected to the longitudinal opening of the gas enclosing part, so that the supplied gas flows swirled into the longitudinal opening and into the flow channels of the swirl element.
  • a compression spring is arranged between a downstream holding shoulder of the longitudinal opening of the gas enclosing part and an end face of the swirl element which is displaceable in the axial direction and faces away from the valve end of the fuel injection valve.
  • the compression spring enables axial compensation of the positional tolerances of the fuel injection valve and gas enclosing part or longitudinal opening with respect to one another, as well as a uniform pressing of the swirl element against the fuel injection valve.
  • the swirl element is secured against twisting in relation to the longitudinal bore of the gas encasing part, so that the gas flowing through the swirl element cannot twist the swirl element, thereby ensuring the exact positioning of the gas outlet. This is particularly important when using two-jet fuel injection valves, for example for four-valve internal combustion engines.
  • a retaining lug is formed on the circumference of the swirl element, which cooperates with a recess formed in the wall of the longitudinal opening of the gas enclosing part.
  • the gas encasing part which has a plurality of longitudinal bores, can be connected to a fuel distributor piece, which receives a number of fuel injectors corresponding to the number of longitudinal openings of the gas encasing part and arranged concentrically to these, and serves to supply fuel.
  • FIG. 1 shows the exemplary embodiment with a partially illustrated fuel injection valve and a partially illustrated fuel distributor piece
  • FIG. 2 shows a section along the line II-II in FIG. 1.
  • the device shown in FIG. 1, for example, for injecting a fuel-gas mixture into an intake pipe or directly into a combustion chamber of a mixture-compressing spark-ignition internal combustion engine has a fuel injector 1 with a valve end 3.
  • the fuel injector 1 is partially concentric to one in the axial direction Surround the longitudinal valve axis 4 stepped receiving opening 5 of a fuel distributor 7, which has, for example, a number of stepped receiving openings 5 corresponding to the number of cylinders of the internal combustion engine.
  • the fuel injection valve 1 protrudes with its valve end 3 into a stepped longitudinal opening 9, which extends concentrically to the valve longitudinal axis 4, of a gas enclosing part 11, for example formed as a plastic injection part.
  • the gas enclosing part 11 has, for example, a number of longitudinal openings 9 corresponding to the number of cylinders of the internal combustion engine and is with the fuel distributor piece 7 connectable.
  • the stepped longitudinal openings 9 are arranged in the gas enclosing part 11 such that the longitudinal openings 9 run concentrically to the receiving openings 5 of the fuel distributor 7 when the fuel distributor 7 and gas enclosing part 11 are connected to one another, as shown in FIG.
  • a flat seal 12 is arranged between an end face 10 of the gas enclosing part 11 facing the fuel distributor piece 7 and an opposing contact surface 8 of the fuel distributor piece 7.
  • a gas supply channel 13 is formed, which is tangentially connected to the individual longitudinal openings 9 of the gas enclosing part 11. The gas supplied thus reaches the longitudinal openings 9 with swirl.
  • the fuel injection valve 1 has in its valve end 3 e.g. a valve closing part 17 which interacts with a fixed valve seat 15 which tapers in the shape of a truncated cone in the direction of fuel flow.
  • the valve closing part 17 is connected at its end facing away from the fixed valve seat 15 to an armature 19, which cooperates with a magnetic coil 21 partially surrounding the armature 19 in the axial direction and with a core 23 opposite the armature 19 in the direction facing away from the fixed valve seat 15.
  • a sealing section 25 of the valve closing part 17 which cooperates with the fixed valve seat 15 is, for example, frustoconical.
  • a perforated plate 29 lies directly on an end face 27 of the valve end 3.
  • the perforated plate 29 has, for example, two spray openings 31 through which the fuel flowing past the fixed valve seat 15 when the valve closing part 17 is lifted off is released.
  • a cup-shaped protective cap 33 can be arranged, which rests with its base 35 on the perforated plate 29.
  • the bottom 35 has a through opening 36, through which the fuel flowing out of the spray openings 31 is injected.
  • the base 35 of the protective cap 33 is initially adjoined by an axially extending parallel section 38 and by a radial section 40 pointing radially outward.
  • the protective cap 33 is connected to the circumference of the valve end 3 by means of a latching connection 42.
  • a sealing ring 44 is arranged in the radial direction between the circumference of the valve end 3 and the wall of the receiving opening 5 of the fuel distributor piece 7.
  • the axial displaceability of the sealing ring 44 on the circumference of the valve end 3 is limited by the radial section 40 of the protective cap 33 and by the retaining ring 43, so that a secure and reliable seal between the valve end 3 and the receiving opening 5 of the fuel distributor piece 7 is ensured.
  • the longitudinal opening 9 of the gas encasing part 11 has, at its end facing away from the fuel distributor 7, a radially inward-pointing holding shoulder 45, which, concentric to the longitudinal valve axis 4, has an outflow section 46 that widens, for example, in the shape of a truncated cone, facing away from the fuel injector 1.
  • the fuel distributor piece 7, with a centering part 48 facing the holding shoulder 45 of the gas enclosing part 11, projects with a slight radial play into a centering section 50 of the longitudinal opening 9 of the gas enclosing part 11, so that the receiving opening 5 of the fuel distributor piece 7 and the fuel injection valve 1 arranged therein opposite the longitudinal opening 9 of the gas enclosing part 11 are centered.
  • a swirl element 55 is arranged in the longitudinal opening 9 between the valve end 3 of the fuel injection valve 1 and the holding shoulder 45 of the gas enclosing part 11.
  • the swirl element 55 concentrically with the valve longitudinal axis 4 has a continuous mixing opening 57 which widens in the shape of a truncated cone in the direction of flow towards the holding shoulder 45 and is displaceable in the axial direction in that between a holding surface 59 of the holding shoulder 45 facing the swirl element 55 and one facing the holding shoulder 45 End face 61 of the swirl element 55, a compression spring 63, for example in the form of a plate spring, is arranged, which can be obtained inexpensively as a mass product.
  • the compression spring 63 rests with an outer radial section 65 in the axial direction on the holding surface 59 of the holding shoulder 45 and in the radial direction with its circumference formed by the outer edge 66 of the radial section 65 against a parallel section 67 of the longitudinal opening 9 of the gas encasing part 11.
  • An inclined section 69 of the compression spring 63 which is directed inwards in the radial direction, bears with its end 70 facing the fuel injection valve 1 in the axial direction on the end face 61 of the swirl element 55.
  • the compression spring 63 is elastically deformed in the assembled device according to the invention in the axial direction, that is to say preloaded, so that the compression spring 63 has the swirl element 55, which is displaceable in the axial direction, with its end face 64 facing the protective cap 33, against the bottom 35 of the fuel injector at the valve end 3 1 attached protective cap 33 presses.
  • the compression spring 63 in this way enables the axial compensation of the positional tolerances of the fuel injection valve 1 and the gas enclosing part 11 or its longitudinal opening 9 with respect to one another. It is sufficient if the compression spring 63 has only a relatively low spring constant, so that the risk of damage to the swirl element 55, which is designed, for example, as a molded plastic part, is avoided.
  • the swirl element 55 has on its periphery facing the compression spring 63 a first cylindrical section 72, the diameter of which is slightly smaller than the diameter of the parallel section 67 surrounding the swirl element 55 of the longitudinal opening 9, so that between the first cylindrical section 72 of the swirl element 55 and the Longitudinal opening 9 of the gas enclosing part 11 is formed a narrow radial gap.
  • a retaining lug 74 is formed on the circumference of the first cylindrical section 72 of the swirl element 55 and extends in the axial direction, for example over the entire axial length of the first cylindrical section 72.
  • a recess 76 is formed in the wall of the parallel section 67 of the longitudinal bore 9, which cooperates with the retaining lug 74 of the swirl element 55 in such a way that the retaining lug 74 projects into the recess 76 of the longitudinal bore 9 of the gas encasing part 11 and thus the swirl element 55 with respect to the longitudinal bore 9 is secured against twisting. This ensures a defined position of the gas outlet, as used for the use of multi-jet injection valves e.g. is important for four-valve internal combustion engines.
  • the first cylindrical section 72 is adjoined at its end facing the valve end 3 by a radially inward-pointing, flat radial section 78 of the swirl element 55, which extends up to a second cylindrical section 77.
  • a flow section 80 tapering in the direction of the longitudinal valve axis 4 of the protective cap 33 is formed between the second cylindrical section 77 and the end face 64 of the swirl element 55 abutting the protective cap 33.
  • the flow section 80 is, for example, concave on its circumference, that is to say curved away from the valve end 3.
  • At least one flow channel 82 is formed in the wall of the flow section 80 of the swirl element 55, but in the exemplary embodiment shown a plurality of flow channels 82 are formed, which have the shape of grooves 83, for example, extending into the second cylindrical section 77 and starting from the second cylindrical one Section 77 extends up to the end face 64 of the swirl element 55 in a helical curve and there, as shown in FIG. 2, which shows a section along the line II-II in FIG. 1, opens radially into the mixing opening 57 of the swirl element 55.
  • the flow channels 82 are designed such that the flow cross sections taper continuously in the direction of the end face 64 towards the mixing opening 57 of the swirl element 55.
  • the flow channels 82 are laterally delimited by flow blades 85, which serve to guide the gas flowing in the direction of the mixing opening 57.
  • the gas is strongly accelerated due to the tapering flow cross-section and reaches its maximum speed on exiting the flow channels 82.
  • the flow channels 82 or the grooves 83 forming them have, as shown in FIG. 1, at their groove bases 84, for example, the same axial extent as the second cylindrical section 77 of the swirl element 55.
  • the groove bases 84 run in the direction of the end face 64 of the swirl element 55 curved just as concavely as the circumference of the flow section 80.
  • the amount of gas fed into the mixing opening 57 of the swirl element 55 is determined by the size of the flow cross sections of the flow channels 82.
  • the swirling, radial supply of the gas at high speed into the mixing opening 57 to the fuel discharged from the spray openings 31 leads to the formation of a largely homogeneous fuel-gas mixture with particularly fine fuel droplets. This allows the Internal combustion engine to achieve significant improvements in terms of exhaust gas emission, acceleration behavior and fuel consumption.
  • Both fresh air and an inert gas and a mixture of the two can be used as the gas for forming the fuel-gas mixture.
  • the fresh air is branched off, for example, from the intake pipe in front of an arbitrarily adjustable throttle element and fed to the gas supply duct 13.
  • an inert gas e.g. use the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine so that the pollutant emission of the internal combustion engine is reduced by this exhaust gas recirculation.
  • the gas can also be pumped using an additional pump.
  • the device according to the invention also has the advantage of having a simple structure and low manufacturing costs.
  • a system unit consisting of a fuel distributor 7, the fuel injection valves 1, the gas containment part 11 with the swirl elements 55 and a pressure regulator for the fuel can be easily and inexpensively mounted on the intake line of an internal combustion engine.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Dispositif d'injection d'un mélange de carburant et de gaz avec un injecteur (1) dont l'extrémité (3) comporte au moins un orifice d'éjection (31), d'une pièce d'entourage (11) pour le gaz qui comporte une ouverture longitudinale (9) à gradin concentrique à l'axe (4) de l'injecteur, ouverture dans laquelle pénètre l'extrémité (3) de l'injecteur (1) et un canal d'alimentation en gaz (13) communiquant avec l'ouverture longitudinale (9) de la pièce d'entourage (11), en aval de l'extrémité (3) de l'injecteur (1) dans l'ouverture longitudinale (9) de la pièce d'entourage (11) se trouve avec un intervalle radial, un élément à tourbillon (55) possédant une ouverture de mélange (57) concentrique à l'axe longitudinal (4) de l'injecteur et ayant au moins un canal d'écoulement (82), en forme de rainure, ouvert dans la direction radiale vers la périphérie, ce canal communiquant avec le canal d'alimentation en gaz (13) et débouchant dans l'ouverture de mélange (57) de l'élément à tourbillon (55), caractérisé en ce que l'intervalle est étroit pour éviter que le gaz ne passe à la périphérie de l'élément à tourbillon (55) et au moins un canal d'écoulement (82) coudé est ouvert vers une face frontale (64) de l'élément à tourbillon (55) tourné vers l'extrémité d'injecteur (3) et partant de cette face frontale (64) il s'étend en direction de l'axe longitudinal (4) de l'injecteur seulement sur une partie de l'ouverture de mélange (57).
  2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins un canal d'écoulement (82) de l'élément à tourbillon (55) est coudé radialement vers l'intérieur suivant une forme hélicoïdale et sa section d'écoulement diminue en continu vers l'ouverture de mélange (77).
  3. Dispositif selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins un canal d'écoulement (82) débouche radialement dans l'ouverture de mélange (57) de l'élément à tourbillon (55).
  4. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le canal d'alimentation en gaz (13) communique tangentiellement avec l'ouverture longitudinale (9) de la pièce d'entourage (11) pour le gaz.
  5. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'entre un épaulement de retenue (45), en aval de l'ouverture longitudinale (9) de la pièce d'entourage (11), et une face frontale (61) de l'élément à tourbillon (55), opposée à l'extrémité (3) de l'injecteur (1), il y a un ressort de compression (63).
  6. Dispositif selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que le ressort de compression (63) est un ressort Belleville.
  7. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'élément à tourbillon (55) est bloqué en rotation par rapport à l'ouverture longitudinale (9) de la pièce d'entourage (11).
  8. Dispositif selon la revendication 7, caractérisé par un bec de retenue (74) réalisé à la périphérie de l'élément à tourbillon (55), ce bec coopérant avec une cavité (76) formée dans la paroi de l'ouverture longitudinale (9) de la pièce d'entourage (11) pour le gaz.
  9. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la pièce d'entourage (11) comporte plusieurs ouvertures longitudinales (9) à gradin ayant chacune un élément à tourbillon (55), ces ouvertures communiquant avec un canal d'alimentation en gaz (13) commun.
  10. Dispositif selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que la pièce d'entourage (11) peut être reliée à une pièce distributrice de carburant (7) servant à l'alimentation en carburant et (recevant de manière concentrique) un nombre d'injecteurs (1) correspondant au nombre d'ouvertures longitudinales (9) de la pièce d'entourage (11).
  11. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 9 ou 10, caractérisé en ce qu'un ensemble commun formé de la pièce distributrice de carburant (7), des injecteurs de carburant (1), de la pièce d'entourage (11) avec les éléments à tourbillon (55) ainsi qu'un régulateur de pression, se monte comme un ensemble sur la conduite d'aspiration du moteur thermique.
EP91117093A 1990-11-07 1991-10-08 Dispositif d'injection d'un mélange de gaz et de carburant Expired - Lifetime EP0484681B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4035312A DE4035312A1 (de) 1990-11-07 1990-11-07 Vorrichtung zur einspritzung eines brennstoff-gas-gemisches
DE4035312 1990-11-07

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0484681A1 EP0484681A1 (fr) 1992-05-13
EP0484681B1 true EP0484681B1 (fr) 1994-03-02

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EP91117093A Expired - Lifetime EP0484681B1 (fr) 1990-11-07 1991-10-08 Dispositif d'injection d'un mélange de gaz et de carburant

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US5232163A (fr)
EP (1) EP0484681B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH04265468A (fr)
DE (2) DE4035312A1 (fr)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2106422A (en) * 1980-06-23 1983-04-13 Shigetake Tamai Atomising liquid fuel

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EP0484681A1 (fr) 1992-05-13
JPH04265468A (ja) 1992-09-21
DE59101093D1 (de) 1994-04-07
DE4035312A1 (de) 1992-05-14
US5232163A (en) 1993-08-03

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