EP0680094B1 - Appareil électrique à alimentation indépendante du secteur avec alimentation additionnelle de courant photovoltaique - Google Patents

Appareil électrique à alimentation indépendante du secteur avec alimentation additionnelle de courant photovoltaique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0680094B1
EP0680094B1 EP95106282A EP95106282A EP0680094B1 EP 0680094 B1 EP0680094 B1 EP 0680094B1 EP 95106282 A EP95106282 A EP 95106282A EP 95106282 A EP95106282 A EP 95106282A EP 0680094 B1 EP0680094 B1 EP 0680094B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
solar cell
energy
energy consumer
solar cells
laminated
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP95106282A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0680094A2 (fr
EP0680094A3 (fr
Inventor
Arthur Dr. Endrös
Richard Dr. Einzinger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SolarWorld Industries Deutschland GmbH
Original Assignee
Shell Solar GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Shell Solar GmbH filed Critical Shell Solar GmbH
Publication of EP0680094A2 publication Critical patent/EP0680094A2/fr
Publication of EP0680094A3 publication Critical patent/EP0680094A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0680094B1 publication Critical patent/EP0680094B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
    • H02S40/30—Electrical components
    • H02S40/38—Energy storage means, e.g. batteries, structurally associated with PV modules
    • H01L31/036—
    • H01L31/048—
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/547—Monocrystalline silicon PV cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
    • Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin

Definitions

  • the invention relates to portable, off-grid electrical Energy consumers, but especially electrical hand-held devices, which are carried in the hand for or during their use.
  • rechargeable Energy storage In addition to conventional non-rechargeable batteries such as alkaline cells, zinc-carbon batteries or mercury button cells are preferably rechargeable Suitable for energy storage such as capacitors or accumulators, for example the known nickel cadmium cells.
  • the possible maximum operating time of an off-grid energy consumer is both of the electrical power that the Energy consumers in its operating states picks up as well on the capacity of the existing and especially in the energy consumer built-in energy storage dependent. Since with increasing Operating time also the availability and competitiveness of the energy consumer increases, the general aim is this by reducing the power consumed or extend by increasing the storage capacity of the energy storage.
  • Another way to extend the off-grid Operating time of a mobile energy consumer is to provide an additional photovoltaic energy supply. With sufficient light, the photovoltaically generated Relieve, replace and / or relieve the energy storage recharge.
  • Powerful solar cells with efficiencies over 15 percent can only be made from crystalline semiconductor materials such as silicon (c-Si) or gallium arsenide. These materials have the disadvantage, however, that it is only flat or at best, have slightly curved solar cells manufactured, which also because of the fragility of the crystalline semiconductors and the resulting lack of flexibility or not let it bend sufficiently.
  • crystalline semiconductor materials such as silicon (c-Si) or gallium arsenide.
  • Another problem is that because of the sensitivity to breakage the crystalline solar cells have an increased material thickness required for the base and / or covering of the solar cell which is an undesirable extra weight for the portable Represents energy consumers.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore such portable electrical energy consumer specifying a has improved energy supply and the above Avoids disadvantages.
  • At least one solar cell on the surface of the Laminated energy consumer which consists of a thin silicon tricrystal is made.
  • a tricrystal is made of one Article by G. Martinelli in Solid State Phenomea Vol. 32-33 (1993) pages 21 to 26. This consists of three against each other tilted monocrystalline areas. The phase boundaries between every two of the monocrystalline areas of Levels formed, with three such levels exist, which are cut along a straight line that is common to all three levels is.
  • the interfaces are preferably between two of the monocrystalline areas of crystallographically defined Layers of silicon crystal formed and represent [111] planes As a result, they also intersect through these interfaces defined planes at crystallographically predetermined angles, which, viewed vertically to the common straight line, ideally twice assume the value of 125.26 ° and once of 109.47 °.
  • Such a tricrystal has the advantage that it is not oblique contains [111] plane running through the crystal.
  • a conventional one Silicon monocrystal preferably points along such [111] planes dislocations that arise during crystal pulling and represent preferred breaking points.
  • Tricrystal exists but a dislocation plane that cuts through the entire crystal not so that breaking along such a plane is impossible is. Breaking apart along the interfaces is difficult since these are at the common intersection or in the common Cutting axis are angled.
  • Such a tricrystal can be used to saw wafers that are exceptional are break resistant. This results in even wafers with a thickness of only 60 ⁇ m in high yield, for example 95 percent can be sawn from the tricrystal, that for itself again not only exceptionally stable but even are unusually flexible. With the help of suitable procedures (Laminating) a thin tricrystal wafer can be easily bend, whereby radii of curvature up to approx. 1 cm can be reached, without breaking the tricrystal wafer.
  • the solar cell is essential, for example 60 to 100 ⁇ m thick thinner than conventional C-Si solar cells made from mechanical Reasons must have a thickness of 300 microns, for example. This reduces the weight of the solar cell and thus the weight of the energy consumer, the handling of which thereby facilitates becomes.
  • a solar cell laminated on a curved surface is included same thickness also much stiffer and therefore mechanical more stable than a solar cell laminated on a flat substrate. This already provides the required mechanical stability with a thinner total layer thickness (for the laminate made of surface material or housing material, solar cell and cover) than with a comparable flat version.
  • Another advantage of the new energy supply for the Energy consumers according to the invention consists in the improved Efficiency that can be achieved with a thinner solar cell can. With otherwise the same material quality, a thinner is achieved Solar cell a higher open circuit voltage with otherwise the same Short circuit current and fill factor.
  • a thin solar cell also with a lower diffusion length of Minority charge carriers, i.e. with a lower electronic one Silicon quality achieve the same efficiency like a correspondingly thicker solar cell made of one material greater diffusion length.
  • one according to the invention has solar cells coated energy consumers a significantly increased off-grid operating time than with conventional solar cells same material quality coated.
  • the energy consumer with conventional solar cells is the one according to the invention.
  • Energy consumers also lighter, mechanically more stable and can have a more appealing design because the flexible Solar cells even on one-dimensional curved surfaces can be laminated on.
  • the solar cells required can be much smaller Price will be made available because of the material savings alone approx. 75 percent compared to conventional solar cells made of monocrystalline silicon.
  • the crystal pulling process of the tricrystal can be done faster that the cooling of the pulled tricrystal takes less time and that the pulling process due to the lack of risk of dislocation of the crystal structure can occur more often from the same crucible than with Pull a monocrystal stick.
  • An energy consumer operating controls on an outside surface such as switches or buttons, display elements or other increases or has depressions, in one embodiment of the Invention also have laminated solar cells on this surface.
  • the laminated solar cell has points provided in the display Cutouts.
  • the recesses can be both on the edge the laminated solar cell as well as inside his. So it is not only possible to use solar cells with any shape Base, but also round and angular Holes or other shaped recesses inside the solar cell provided. Such "trimming" is conventional monocrystalline solar cells because of their increased Risk of breakage not possible.
  • the invention is Energy consumers a cell phone or cordless Telephone.
  • Cordless telephones require less power than 100 mW in standby mode and about 250 mW in transmit mode.
  • Mobile radio telephones based on the GSM standard in the German D network can be operated require typical services from 175 mW in standby mode and approx. 2 watts in transmit mode.
  • the typical call duration for a mobile telephone designed according to the invention is increased by a factor of approximately 2. Assuming an average collection efficiency of 18 to 20 percent of the solar cell and a surface of 100 cm 2 coated with solar cells, a peak output of 2 watts is obtained with AM 1.5 lighting, which would even make it possible to use the mobile phone according to the invention in an independent, continuous conversation , Since conventional solar cells only have a much smaller surface for coating, this success cannot be achieved with conventional solar cells.
  • At least the energy consumer and in particular the portable telephone a fold-out part coated with solar cells which has the available and after the sun alignable solar cell area increased.
  • the fold-out part can perform an additional function and for example at the same time a cover for the controls of the energy consumer and especially represent the phone.
  • When operating the energy consumer So for example, when covering the phone folded back so that the device or the telephone gets back its original compact shape, which is a good one Manageability guaranteed.
  • FIG. 1 shows a tricrystal wafer as used for the production of Solar cells used for the energy consumer according to the invention can be.
  • a solar cell is manufactured using conventional process steps become.
  • a lightly p-doped silicon tricrystal wafer a pn junction is created by diffusing in phosphorus, for example to a depth of 1 ⁇ m.
  • Front and back contact of the solar cell can, for example, by Screen printing can be applied.
  • the light source surface of the tricrystal wafer serving the solar cell by structure etching, for example using a shadow mask, be provided with a roughened surface structure. This improves the light incidence geometry by reducing reflection losses avoids.
  • a back surface field can be created, for example by Diffusion of boron or aluminum into the back of the wafer or the solar cell.
  • Diffusion of boron or aluminum into the back of the wafer or the solar cell One only in the area of the front contacts applied flat n ++ doping increases the efficiency further.
  • FIG 2 shows a schematic cross section on a surface laminated solar cell.
  • the surface 4 is the outer surface of the energy consumer and is usually made of the housing material of the energy consumer, for example made of plastic or a metal like aluminum.
  • an adhesive film 5 between the solar cell 6 and the surface 4 arranged, for example a hot melt adhesive film from a thermoplastic.
  • a further plastic film 7 which also can be a hot melt adhesive film, or one with the help of a Hot melt adhesive film laminated protective film made of a resistant, transparent plastic material, for example made of perfluorinated polyethylene.
  • the layers are in the order given placed on top of each other and with simultaneous pressure heated above the softening point of the hot melt adhesive film. A vacuum applied at the same time facilitates the lamination process.
  • the lamination of the solar cells 6 also take place on one-dimensionally curved surfaces 4.
  • the laminate is now sufficiently stable and can be another Shaping process are subjected to, for example, a punching or Sawing process to bring the laminate into a desired shape, or, if necessary, saw out or punch out recesses.
  • FIG. 3 shows an exemplary embodiment for a mobile energy consumer a radio telephone 8 with laminated flexible solar cells in a perspective schematic representation.
  • the radio telephone 8 one or more of the surface areas be coated with the solar cells.
  • the coherent surface represents the rear 9
  • the three-part front to provide the radio telephone 8 with solar cells, and the Microphone part 10, the operating part 11 and the loudspeaker part 13 to be coated with solar cells. By sawing out or punching out openings remain for the microphone, for the speaker and for the keypad 12 free.
  • Figure 4 shows the back 9 of the radio telephone 8, as in Figure 3 can be one-dimensionally curved. she is completely provided with one or more solar cells, whereby a solar cell can also be laminated over rounded edges can have radii of curvature down to 1 cm.
  • FIG. 5 shows a further exemplary embodiment of an inventive one Energy consumers a differently designed radio telephone in the top view.
  • This phone has a side-hinged Cover 14 on the back (in the figure not shown) coated with flexible laminated solar cells is.
  • the cover 14 can be a cover for the front of the radio telephone and thus protection of the functional ones Represent parts such as keypad, microphone and loudspeaker part.
  • Figure 6 shows the telephone shown in Figure 5 from behind. Both the back 9 and the visible side of the opened Cover 14 are coated over the entire surface with flexible solar cells.
  • the cover 14 is a cover for the back 9 of the phone. It is possible to only cover the Hibernation or in stand-by mode and with sufficient sunlight unfold. In the case of a conversation, the Cover 14 opened again on the back, again receive a compact handheld device as shown in FIG becomes. In the folded state, the cover 14 covers the Solar cells on the back 9 of the phone, so that in (folded) operating state of the telephone shown in Figure 6 Areas are no longer visible. Of course it is also possible to use the pages not shown in FIG the phone or the cover 14 also with solar cells coat.
  • the energy consumer according to the invention is not to the radio telephones shown in the exemplary embodiments is limited. Rather, all electrically operated network-independent Handheld devices can be designed according to the invention. Special The invention always offers advantages when a high one Frequent replacement or recharging of the energy consumption Energy storage required if for easier handling of the Handheld device or energy consumer desired a low weight or if there are longer breaks in operation for the handheld device or longer phases with little energy-consuming stand-by operation are provided.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
  • Transceivers (AREA)

Claims (7)

  1. Appareil consommateur d'énergie électrique (8) indépendant du secteur et portable comprenant une alimentation en énergie emmagasinée par un dispositif de stockage d'énergie, dans lequel au moins une cellule solaire flexible est laminée sur la surface et la cellule solaire est fabriquée à partir d'une mince galette tricristalline en silicium pour l'alimentation supplémentaire en énergie et pour le rechargement du dispositif de stockage d'énergie.
  2. Appareil consommateur d'énergie selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la couche semi-conductrice (6) active de la cellule solaire fabriquée à partir de la galette tricristalline en silicium a une épaisseur de 60 - 100 µm.
  3. Appareil consommateur d'énergie selon la revendication 1 ou 2, lequel présente une surface partiellement courbée de manière unidimensionnelle et dans lequel la cellule solaire est laminée sur cette surface au moins en partie courbée.
  4. Appareil consommateur d'énergie selon une des revendications 1-3, lequel est un appareil radio (8) mobile ou un téléphone sans fil (8).
  5. Appareil consommateur d'énergie selon une des revendications 1-4, dans lequel la cellule solaire laminée présente des encoches pour des touches de commandes, des commutateurs ou d'autres parties fonctionnelles (12) de l'appareil consommateur d'énergie qui sont disposées en relief ou en creux par rapport à la surface (11) de l'appareil consommateur d'énergie (8).
  6. Appareil consommateur d'énergie selon une des revendications 1-5, dans lequel la cellule solaire présente trois zones monocristallines (1, 2, 3) basculées les unes par rapport aux autres qui sont limitées sur la surface de la cellule solaire par des lignes droites se coupant en un point.
  7. Appareil consommateur d'énergie selon la revendication 6, dans lequel les lignes se coupant en un point forment ensemble des angles (W1, W2, W3) de 125,26° et de 109,47° (respectivement ± 2 %) et dans lequel toutes les surfaces limites entre deux zones monocristallines respectives sont des plans [111] du silicium.
EP95106282A 1994-04-29 1995-04-26 Appareil électrique à alimentation indépendante du secteur avec alimentation additionnelle de courant photovoltaique Expired - Lifetime EP0680094B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4415131 1994-04-29
DE4415131 1994-04-29

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0680094A2 EP0680094A2 (fr) 1995-11-02
EP0680094A3 EP0680094A3 (fr) 1998-06-03
EP0680094B1 true EP0680094B1 (fr) 2003-02-26

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EP95106282A Expired - Lifetime EP0680094B1 (fr) 1994-04-29 1995-04-26 Appareil électrique à alimentation indépendante du secteur avec alimentation additionnelle de courant photovoltaique

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US (1) US5579388A (fr)
EP (1) EP0680094B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH0888386A (fr)
DE (1) DE59510564D1 (fr)

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GB2379131A (en) * 2001-08-22 2003-02-26 Marek Daniel Beckett Solar powered mobile phone
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EP1850577A1 (fr) * 2006-04-28 2007-10-31 Jean-Philippe Charlier Téléphone portable comportant une alimentation électrique de type photovoltaïque
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FR3043273B1 (fr) * 2015-11-02 2018-09-07 Moukangala Ngaka Systeme d'alimentation et de recharge par energie solaire d'appareils mobiles utilisant internet

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Publication number Publication date
JPH0888386A (ja) 1996-04-02
DE59510564D1 (de) 2003-04-03
EP0680094A2 (fr) 1995-11-02
US5579388A (en) 1996-11-26
EP0680094A3 (fr) 1998-06-03

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