EP0676280B1 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Aufbringen von pulverförmigem Schmier- oder Trennmittel auf die Presswerkzeuge in Tablettiermaschinen - Google Patents
Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Aufbringen von pulverförmigem Schmier- oder Trennmittel auf die Presswerkzeuge in Tablettiermaschinen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0676280B1 EP0676280B1 EP95104525A EP95104525A EP0676280B1 EP 0676280 B1 EP0676280 B1 EP 0676280B1 EP 95104525 A EP95104525 A EP 95104525A EP 95104525 A EP95104525 A EP 95104525A EP 0676280 B1 EP0676280 B1 EP 0676280B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- nozzle
- separating agent
- suction
- opening
- separating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 title claims description 27
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 title claims description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 title claims description 9
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000006163 transport media Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 11
- HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium stearate Chemical compound [Mg+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 235000019359 magnesium stearate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012254 powdered material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
- H05B6/64—Heating using microwaves
- H05B6/76—Prevention of microwave leakage, e.g. door sealings
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B30—PRESSES
- B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
- B30B15/00—Details of, or accessories for, presses; Auxiliary measures in connection with pressing
- B30B15/0005—Details of, or accessories for, presses; Auxiliary measures in connection with pressing for briquetting presses
- B30B15/0011—Details of, or accessories for, presses; Auxiliary measures in connection with pressing for briquetting presses lubricating means
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for application of metered amounts of powdered lubricant or Release agent on the stressed surfaces of pressing tools in tableting machines according to the preamble of the claim 1.
- Rotary tableting machines e.g. in the EP 0 572 816, one by one vertical Axis driven matrix plate on, on contains matrix holes arranged in a circle.
- the die holes are assigned upper and lower stamps that circulate synchronously with the die plate and into the die holes filled powdered material in the Press the die hole.
- the stamps are made by suitable Control cams actuated to select the die holes to release or carry out the pressing process.
- Magnesium stearate is known as a powdery release agent to use. From DE 38 11 261 is also known become finely divided liquids in gases use.
- lubricate in the to be pressed Distribute material finely, e.g. by mixing or spraying of the material to be pressed with magnesium stearate.
- the proportion of lubricant is 0.5 to 1% of the material to be pressed.
- the relatively high concentration of the lubricant is required in order to Tablet surface to get a sufficient amount which prevents the tablet and tool from sticking together. In many cases, however, is such a high concentration of lubricant undesirable.
- the invention has for its object a method for the application of metered amounts of powder Lubricants and release agents on the stressed surfaces of Pressing tools in tableting machines specify that with requires a minimal amount of lubricant and release agent and works effectively even at very high speeds.
- the release agent is during operation of the tableting machine continuously blown onto the stressed surfaces, and excess Release agent in the adjacent areas continuously aspirated.
- the release agent is on the punches and into the die bore continuously entered so that in terms of speed there is no upper limit.
- the on the claimed The amount of lubricant applied is dosed and can be kept very small.
- Essential to the invention is furthermore that simultaneously with the inflation suction of lubricant takes place, namely immediately adjacent to the claimed areas. Thereby will excess release agent that is not on the claimed Surfaces and more or less "cloud-like" spread over the die plate, vacuumed, so that they actually relate to the claimed Surfaces or the amount of release agent on the tablet is extremely low, preferably less than 0.02%, based on the substance to be compressed.
- the lubricant and release agent is supplied in precisely dosed quantities e.g. swirled in a venturi nozzle, from which it subsequently flows to a suitable blowing nozzle in the tabletting machine is directed.
- a suitable blowing nozzle in the tabletting machine is directed.
- the blowing pressure and the Distance of the blow nozzle to the upper punch and the die plate becomes an even distribution of the lubricant reached at the upper punch and in the die hole.
- a kind of swirl chamber effect is achieved, enhanced by suction through a suitable suction nozzle. A homogeneous, very low coating of the die wall is obtained and the stamp press surfaces.
- the reduction of lubricants and release agents in the tablets has the further advantage that the desired tablet hardness achieved with a significantly reduced pressure can be. This means less tool wear and get a shorter disintegration time of the tablets. Finally, the reduction in sliding and Release agent also the corresponding material expenditure therefor.
- a suction nozzle in is a short distance from the blow nozzle with upper and lower suction opening, which are adjacent to the nozzle openings.
- the nozzle openings are after one a further embodiment of the invention preferably as radially arranged slots formed, which have approximately the length of the diameter of a die hole can.
- the lower suction opening has a less Distance to the die plate as the lower blow nozzle opening. This can make excess material effective are sucked off from the surface of the die plate, to prevent material build-up on the die plate.
- the distance between the upper suction opening and the upper punch must be set larger, so that none on the upper stamps vacuumed adhesive material and a coating of the Stamp shaft is avoided.
- the Blow nozzle arranged in the direction of rotation in front of the suction nozzle.
- the only figure shows a section through a die plate in the area of an upper and a lower stamp with a device according to the invention.
- a die plate 10 is one further to recognize tabletting machine, not shown, the has matrix holes arranged on a circle, from which one can be seen at 12.
- the die hole 12 an upper stamp 14 and a lower stamp 15 are assigned. They act in a known manner with the die plate 10 together, as described and moved in EP 0 572 816 in the direction of the arrows.
- EP 0 572 816 in the direction of the arrows.
- a blowing nozzle stationary 16 arranged with a lower nozzle opening 18 and one upper nozzle opening 19.
- the nozzle openings 18, 19 are slit-like and extend radially with respect to the die plate 10 so that they are about the diameter of the die hole 12 can extend.
- the tubular or box-like nozzle 16 is attached to one not shown Venturi nozzle connected, in the gaseous medium, e.g. Air and a powdered release and lubricant, e.g. Magnesium stearate, mixed homogeneously.
- the air-release agent mixture is introduced into the blowing nozzle 16 under pressure and exits according to the arrows shown the upper and lower nozzle openings 19, 18, and directed against the pressing surface of the upper punch 14 and against the walls of the die hole 12 and the pressing surface of the lower punch 15.
- a suction nozzle 20 is arranged stationary, the a wall is formed by the associated wall of the blow nozzle 16 is. It is box-shaped in cross section and attached to one Vacuum source, not shown, connected. she owns an upper suction opening 22 and a lower suction opening 24. As can be seen, the distance A is between the lower one Opening 24 and the top of the die plate 10 relative small, definitely smaller than the distance between the lower ones Nozzle opening 18 from the die plate 10.
- the distance B between the press surface of the upper punch 14 and the nozzle opening 19 and the upper suction opening 22 is slightly larger and is e.g. 1.5 mm, the same value as the distance of the lower nozzle opening 18 of the die plate 10 has.
- the excess Mixture of air and powdered release agent is sucked in through the blowing nozzle 20, as through the corresponding Arrows shown. There can therefore be none Do not deposit any substance on the die plate 10 either on the shaft of the upper stamp 14.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Medical Preparation Storing Or Oral Administration Devices (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
- Coating Apparatus (AREA)
- Mounting, Exchange, And Manufacturing Of Dies (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
- Cleaning By Liquid Or Steam (AREA)
Description
Claims (8)
- Verfahren zum Aufbringen von dosierten Mengen von pulverförmigem Schmier- oder Trennmittel auf die beanspruchten Flächen von Preßwerkzeugen in Tablettiermaschinen, bei dem das von einem gasförmigen Transportmedium gleichförmig verteilte Trennmittel auf die Flächen geblasen wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Trennmittel während des Betriebs der Tablettiermaschine kontinuierlich auf die beanspruchten Flächen geblasen und überschüssiges Trennmittel von den beanspruchten Flächen benachbarten Bereichen kontinuierlich abgesaugt wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß bei einer Doppelrundläufermaschine mit zwei am Umfang beabstandeten Füllvorrichtungen in Laufrichtung von der jeweils nicht benutzten Füllvorrichtung das Trennmittel zugeführt und vor der jeweils benutzten Füllvorrichtung nicht zugeführt wird.
- Vorrichtung zum Aufbringen von dosierten Mengen von pulverförmigem Schmier- oder Trennmittel auf die beanspruchten Flächen von Ober- und Unterstempeln (14, 15) sowie Matrizenlöchern (12) von Rundläuferpressen in Tablettiermaschinen, mit einer Blasvorrichtung mit einer zur Umlaufbahn der Matrizenlöcher (12) ausgerichteten unteren Düsenöffnung (18) nahe oberhalb de Matrizenscheibe (10) und einer zur Umlaufbahn der Oberstempel (14) ausgerichteten oberen Düsenöffnung (19) nahe den Oberstempeln (14), die mit einer Quelle für ein Gas-Trennmittelgemisch unter Druck verbindbar ist und das Gemisch während des Betriebs der Tablettiermaschine auf die beanspruchten Flächen bläst, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Quelle für Gas-Trennmittelgemisch ständig an die Blasvorrichtung (16) angeschlossen ist und eine Saugdüse (20) angeordnet ist mit oberer und unterer Saugöffnung (22, 24), die der oberen und der unteren Düsenöffnung (19, 18) benachbart sind zum Absaugen von Trennmittel von den den beanspruchten Flächen benachbarten Bereichen.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die untere und obere Saugöffnung (22, 24) der Blasvorrichtung (16) unmittelbar benachbart sind.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3 oder 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Saugöffnungen (22, 24) in Umlaufrichtung der Matrizenscheibe (10) gesehen hinter der Blasvorrichtung (16) angeordnet sind.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Düsenöffnungen (19, 18) von radial angeordneten Schlitzen gebildet sind.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die untere Saugöffnung (24) einen geringeren Abstand zur Matrizenscheibe (10) hat als die untere Blasöffnung (18).
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 7, gekennzeichnet durch eine Auslegung der Düsenöffnungen (19, 18) der Blasvorrichtung (16), der Saugöffnungen (22, 24), der Saugdüse, der Quelle für Trennmittelgemisch und des Unterdrucks derart, daß die auf die beanspruchten Flachen aufgebrachte Trennmittelmenge kleiner als 0,02% ist, bezogen auf die Menge der zu verpressenden Substanz.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4412117A DE4412117A1 (de) | 1994-04-08 | 1994-04-08 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Aufbringen von pulverförmigem Schmier- oder Trennmittel auf die Preßwerkzeuge in Tablettiermaschinen |
DE4412117 | 1994-04-08 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0676280A1 EP0676280A1 (de) | 1995-10-11 |
EP0676280B1 true EP0676280B1 (de) | 1998-11-25 |
EP0676280B2 EP0676280B2 (de) | 2003-11-12 |
Family
ID=6514913
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP95104525A Expired - Lifetime EP0676280B2 (de) | 1994-04-08 | 1995-03-28 | Vorrichtung zum Aufbringen von pulverförmigem Schmier- oder Trennmittel auf die Presswerkzeuge in Tablettiermaschinen |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5643630A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0676280B2 (de) |
KR (1) | KR950035519A (de) |
AU (1) | AU689572B2 (de) |
DE (2) | DE4412117A1 (de) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102016123279A1 (de) | 2016-12-01 | 2018-06-07 | Fette Compacting Gmbh | Verfahren und System zum Zuführen eines Schmier- oder Trennmittels zu Presswerkzeugen einer Tablettenpresse |
CN110997300A (zh) * | 2017-08-04 | 2020-04-10 | 科施股份公司 | 用于压片机的转子的壳体以及用于从压片机的压制室中除去多余的压片材料的方法 |
Families Citing this family (32)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8071128B2 (en) * | 1996-06-14 | 2011-12-06 | Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd. | Intrabuccally rapidly disintegrating tablet and a production method of the tablets |
DE19647089A1 (de) * | 1996-11-14 | 1998-05-28 | Bayer Ag | Vorrichtung zum kontrollierten Aufsprühen von pulverförmigen Schmiermitteln auf Stempel und Matrizen von Tablettenpressen |
JPH11169437A (ja) * | 1997-12-03 | 1999-06-29 | Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co Ltd | 錠剤の製造方法 |
DE29804955U1 (de) * | 1998-03-19 | 1998-12-24 | Quénéhervé, Marianne, 88521 Ertingen | Dosiergerät für pulverförmiges Kolbenschmiermittel |
US6482349B1 (en) * | 1998-11-02 | 2002-11-19 | Sumitomo Special Metals Co., Ltd. | Powder pressing apparatus and powder pressing method |
FR2790387B1 (fr) | 1999-03-01 | 2001-05-18 | Prographarm Laboratoires | Comprime orodispersible presentant une faible friabilite et son procede de preparation |
US7131828B2 (en) * | 2000-04-12 | 2006-11-07 | Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co., Ltd. | Coating device for powder material |
US9358214B2 (en) | 2001-10-04 | 2016-06-07 | Adare Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Timed, sustained release systems for propranolol |
CA2491295C (en) * | 2002-07-02 | 2010-10-12 | Gumlink A/S | Compressed chewing gum |
US20050175733A1 (en) * | 2002-07-02 | 2005-08-11 | Bitten Thorengaard | Compressed resin moderated chewing gum |
KR100992521B1 (ko) * | 2002-07-02 | 2010-11-05 | 굼링크 에이/에스 | 츄잉 검 압축 정제 ii |
GB0216413D0 (en) * | 2002-07-15 | 2002-08-21 | Nestle Sa | Tabletted chewing gum sweet |
GB0223978D0 (en) * | 2002-10-15 | 2002-11-20 | Novartis Ag | Organic compound |
US8367111B2 (en) * | 2002-12-31 | 2013-02-05 | Aptalis Pharmatech, Inc. | Extended release dosage forms of propranolol hydrochloride |
WO2004068964A1 (en) * | 2003-02-04 | 2004-08-19 | Gumlink A/S | Compressed chewing gum tablet |
ATE428305T1 (de) * | 2003-02-04 | 2009-05-15 | Gumlink As | Komprimierte kaugummitablette |
EP1474995B1 (de) * | 2003-05-06 | 2012-11-14 | Gumlink A/S | Methode zu Herstellung von Kaugummigranulat, ein Kaugummiextruder mit Granuliersystem und ein Kaugummiprodukt |
EP1474993B1 (de) * | 2003-05-06 | 2008-08-20 | Gumlink A/S | Methode zur Herstellung von Kaugummigranulat und komprimierten Kaugummiprodukten, sowie ein Kaugummigranuliersystem |
WO2005063037A1 (en) * | 2003-12-30 | 2005-07-14 | Gumlink A/S | Chewing gum comprising biodegradable polymers and having accelerated degradability |
CA2549673A1 (en) * | 2003-12-30 | 2005-07-14 | Gumlink A/S | Compressed biodegradable chewing gum |
GB0408078D0 (en) * | 2004-04-08 | 2004-05-12 | Novartis Ag | Organic compounds |
DK200401195A (da) * | 2004-08-06 | 2004-08-06 | Gumlink As | Layered chewing gum tablet |
US8747895B2 (en) | 2004-09-13 | 2014-06-10 | Aptalis Pharmatech, Inc. | Orally disintegrating tablets of atomoxetine |
US9884014B2 (en) | 2004-10-12 | 2018-02-06 | Adare Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Taste-masked pharmaceutical compositions |
DE102004051006B4 (de) * | 2004-10-20 | 2009-07-02 | Fette Gmbh | Rundlaufpresse |
EP2417969A1 (de) | 2004-10-21 | 2012-02-15 | Aptalis Pharmatech, Inc. | Geschmacksverdeckende pharmazeutische Zusammensetzungen mit magenlöslichen Porenbildnern |
US20060105038A1 (en) * | 2004-11-12 | 2006-05-18 | Eurand Pharmaceuticals Limited | Taste-masked pharmaceutical compositions prepared by coacervation |
WO2006060906A1 (en) * | 2004-12-06 | 2006-06-15 | Corporation Imfine Inc. | Apparatus and method for lubricating a wall surface of a die cavity |
US9161918B2 (en) | 2005-05-02 | 2015-10-20 | Adare Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Timed, pulsatile release systems |
EP2257279B1 (de) * | 2008-02-28 | 2016-08-17 | AbbVie Inc. | Tablettenherstellungsverfahren |
NZ600256A (en) | 2009-12-02 | 2014-05-30 | Aptalis Pharma Ltd | Fexofenadine microcapsules and compositions containing them |
WO2011085181A1 (en) * | 2010-01-08 | 2011-07-14 | Eurand, Inc. | Taste masked topiramate composition and an orally disintegrating tablet comprising the same |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4373888A (en) * | 1979-07-13 | 1983-02-15 | Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd. | Apparatus for mass-producing medical tablets |
US4832880A (en) * | 1985-12-10 | 1989-05-23 | University Of Bath (British Corp.) | Manufacture of moulded products |
JPH04295366A (ja) * | 1991-03-25 | 1992-10-20 | Nisshin Eng Kk | 錠剤製造法 |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS4820103B1 (de) * | 1968-05-06 | 1973-06-19 | ||
US4047866A (en) * | 1976-11-22 | 1977-09-13 | The Dow Chemical Company | Automatic self-lubricating rotary tablet press |
DE3312634A1 (de) * | 1983-04-08 | 1984-10-11 | Dr. Karl Thomae Gmbh, 7950 Biberach | Verbessertes verfahren und vorrichtungen zum bepunkten von formwerkzeugen mit troepfchen fluessiger oder suspendierter schmiermittel bei der herstellung von formlingen in pharma-, lebensmittel- oder katalysatorenbereich |
US5356577A (en) * | 1988-04-02 | 1994-10-18 | Dr. Karl Thomae Gmbh | Controlled release of metered quantities of finely divided solids with a venturi nozzle and regulated control |
DE3811261A1 (de) * | 1988-04-02 | 1989-10-19 | Thomae Gmbh Dr K | Vorrichtungen zur gesteuerten freisetzung dosierter mengen von in gasen feinverteilten fluessigkeiten |
DE3811260A1 (de) * | 1988-04-02 | 1989-10-26 | Thomae Gmbh Dr K | Gezielte abgabe dosierter mengen von feinverteilten feststoffen mit venturi-duese und geregelter ansteuerung |
US5213738A (en) * | 1990-05-15 | 1993-05-25 | L. Perrigo Company | Method for making a capsule-shaped tablet |
DE4218122C1 (de) * | 1992-06-02 | 1994-01-20 | Fette Wilhelm Gmbh | Verfahren zum Pressen von Zweischichttabletten in einer Doppelrundläuferpresse und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
JP2681601B2 (ja) * | 1993-11-01 | 1997-11-26 | 協和醗酵工業株式会社 | 外部滑沢式打錠機 |
-
1994
- 1994-04-08 DE DE4412117A patent/DE4412117A1/de not_active Ceased
-
1995
- 1995-03-28 EP EP95104525A patent/EP0676280B2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-03-28 DE DE59504299T patent/DE59504299D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-03-30 KR KR1019950007146A patent/KR950035519A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1995-04-03 US US08/415,723 patent/US5643630A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-06-22 AU AU21843/95A patent/AU689572B2/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4373888A (en) * | 1979-07-13 | 1983-02-15 | Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd. | Apparatus for mass-producing medical tablets |
US4832880A (en) * | 1985-12-10 | 1989-05-23 | University Of Bath (British Corp.) | Manufacture of moulded products |
JPH04295366A (ja) * | 1991-03-25 | 1992-10-20 | Nisshin Eng Kk | 錠剤製造法 |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102016123279A1 (de) | 2016-12-01 | 2018-06-07 | Fette Compacting Gmbh | Verfahren und System zum Zuführen eines Schmier- oder Trennmittels zu Presswerkzeugen einer Tablettenpresse |
DE102016123279B4 (de) | 2016-12-01 | 2019-02-21 | Fette Compacting Gmbh | Verfahren und System zum Zuführen eines Schmier- oder Trennmittels zu Presswerkzeugen einer Tablettenpresse |
CN110997300A (zh) * | 2017-08-04 | 2020-04-10 | 科施股份公司 | 用于压片机的转子的壳体以及用于从压片机的压制室中除去多余的压片材料的方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0676280B2 (de) | 2003-11-12 |
KR950035519A (ko) | 1995-12-30 |
DE59504299D1 (de) | 1999-01-07 |
EP0676280A1 (de) | 1995-10-11 |
US5643630A (en) | 1997-07-01 |
DE4412117A1 (de) | 1995-10-12 |
AU689572B2 (en) | 1998-04-02 |
AU2184395A (en) | 1995-12-21 |
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