EP0662255A1 - Systeme d'antennes radio situe sur la vitre d'un vehicule a moteur - Google Patents

Systeme d'antennes radio situe sur la vitre d'un vehicule a moteur

Info

Publication number
EP0662255A1
EP0662255A1 EP94916877A EP94916877A EP0662255A1 EP 0662255 A1 EP0662255 A1 EP 0662255A1 EP 94916877 A EP94916877 A EP 94916877A EP 94916877 A EP94916877 A EP 94916877A EP 0662255 A1 EP0662255 A1 EP 0662255A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
radio
network
arrangement according
frequency
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP94916877A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0662255B1 (fr
Inventor
Heinz Lindenmeier
Jochen Hopf
Leopold Reiter
Rainer Kronberger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fuba Automotive GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Fuba Automotive GmbH and Co KG
Hans Kolbe and Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fuba Automotive GmbH and Co KG, Hans Kolbe and Co filed Critical Fuba Automotive GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP0662255A1 publication Critical patent/EP0662255A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0662255B1 publication Critical patent/EP0662255B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/1271—Supports; Mounting means for mounting on windscreens
    • H01Q1/1285—Supports; Mounting means for mounting on windscreens with capacitive feeding through the windscreen
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/32—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a radio antenna arrangement according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a radio antenna arrangement can advantageously be used, e.g. for the radio systems of mobile communication (car phone in the c, D or E network or for trunked radio systems).
  • a rod-shaped antenna is often applied in the upper region of the rear window of the vehicle, the antenna element then being attached to the outside of the glass pane, and that
  • Antenna counterweight also e.g. is attached to the window pane, or e.g. is formed by the coaxial feed cable, which can be completely laid inside the vehicle and the capacitive coupling of the antenna signals can take place through the window.
  • a disadvantage of such an antenna according to the prior art is that, due to the inclination of the rear window, the base point of the antenna element is arranged clearly below the roof edge of the vehicle. The consequence of this is that the antenna element is at least in the lower area forcibly shadowed by the body in the direction towards the front.
  • the conductive body parts due to the proximity of the conductive body parts, there is always strong radiation coupling with the body, which causes strong currents thereon, which in turn cause radiation, so that the directional diagram is strongly influenced.
  • the characteristic of the horizontal diagrams aimed for motor vehicle radio antennas with the most uniform possible radiation in all spatial directions is therefore only achieved by means of rotationally symmetrical antenna elements in the center of the roof.
  • radiation coupling with the vehicle body results undesired and in some cases no longer tolerable deformations of the horizontal diagram, that is, in particular, radiation compensations which cause strong indentations in the horizontal diagram.
  • the radiation in the room's angular range is reduced to the front.
  • the diagram grows distinctly. In the minima of the horizontal radiation in particular, this often leads to undesirably low radiation densities at the receiving location, ie to undesirably large radio field attenuation, for a given radiation power in transmission mode.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide a radio antenna arrangement according to the preamble of claim 1, in which, despite the radiation coupling with the vehicle body, the lowest flat radiation density occurring in the horizontal diagram is as large as possible.
  • the measures taken according to the invention do not prevent the undesired radiation of the vehicle body excited by radiation coupling.
  • Fig.l inventive group antenna with two superposed rod-shaped antenna elements and with a network with antenna connection point.
  • Group antenna according to the invention with two rod-shaped antenna elements arranged one above the other and with a stripline network.
  • Fig.2b Example of a stripline network with a delayed and reduced in amplitude supply of the upper antenna element.
  • the stripline network also serves as an antenna counterweight.
  • Group antenna according to the invention with two antenna elements arranged one above the other and electrically extended by an extension coil and a roof capacitance.
  • Group antenna according to the invention with three antenna elements and with radially and annularly attached wire-shaped conductors to enlarge the ground area.
  • Fig. 5a Group antenna according to the invention with a low-impedance coupling for the radio frequency of another antenna and for the radio-frequency low-impedance coupling of the heating conductors, which in turn are galvanically connected to one another via further vertical conductors.
  • Fig. 5b Detailed drawing of a low-impedance coupling for the radio frequency of another antenna and a heating conductor according to Fig. 5a.
  • 6b Group antenna according to the invention with antenna elements which are horizontally offset from one another.
  • Group antenna according to the invention with three antenna elements which are arranged in a triangle standing on the base.
  • Group antenna according to the invention with three antenna elements which are arranged in a triangle standing on the tip.
  • Fig. 8 Group antenna according to the invention with more than three antenna elements.
  • Fig. 9 Antenna element according to the invention with two connection gates.
  • FIG.lOd Horizontal directional diagram of the inventive group antenna according to Fig.7b 1 shows the basic structure of a group antenna according to the invention with two antenna elements 3 on a window pane 1 of a motor vehicle, as a rule this is a rear window.
  • the two rod-shaped antenna elements 3 are attached on the outside, for example glued on using conventional technology.
  • Particularly good radiation properties in the sense of achieving the object of the invention are achieved in such vehicles if the angle of inclination 13 of the window pane with respect to the horizontal is not greater than 60 degrees.
  • the antenna elements 3 are arranged one above the other.
  • the mounting location on the axis of symmetry of the vehicle is often advantageous in the longitudinal direction.
  • Conductive surfaces around the antenna elements are applied as antenna counterweight 4 on the window surface.
  • the metallic body of the vehicle is marked with 8.
  • the frequency range in which antenna arrangements according to the invention are used is the wavelength range of the decimeter waves (free space wavelengths between 1 m and 10 cm) or even shorter waves (less than 10 cm free space wavelength).
  • modern radio systems such as the C, D and E network cell phones or other services such as Trunk radio services operated.
  • each of the two individual antenna elements 3 therefore has undesirable deviations from the ideal radiation characteristic even in the case of group antennas according to the invention.
  • the individual diagrams are the
  • the antennas are supplied in the case of transmission via a low-loss network 7, which is represented in the example in FIG. 2a as a stripline network.
  • the network 7 is designed in such a way that there is a defined and permanently set phase and amplitude relationship of the base feed currents of the two antenna elements 3.
  • the horizontal diagram of the antenna arrangement according to the invention is shown in FIG. 1 via this defined phase and amplitude relationship desired advantageous type influenced and improved compared to the radiation characteristics of each of the individual antennas.
  • a standing wave ratio is generally required for the respective useful frequency band, as is known from RF interfaces of other radio systems.
  • a coaxial line 11, which leads to the radio, is then usually connected to this antenna connection point 6.
  • connection point 2 of the antenna element 3 is connected via a galvanic connection to the network 7, which is attached to the inside of the window pane 1.
  • the signals of the antenna elements are linked and connected to the antenna connection point 6.
  • the connection between antenna element 3 and network 7 takes place via a hole through the glass.
  • the antenna element 3 is connected to the network 7 in FIG. 2a via a capacitively designed high-frequency connection 16.
  • the latter can very advantageously be implemented as a strip line circuit in order to create the necessary phase and amplitude relationships. This configuration enables inexpensive reproduction of the necessary phase and amplitude relationships between the electrical quantities on the antenna elements in series production.
  • the capacitive connection 16 can be incorporated into the stripline circuit in a technologically cost-effective manner, as is shown in FIG. 2b.
  • the connection point 2 of the antenna element 3 is designed as a circular area
  • the antenna elements 3 are radiation-coupled to one another and are additionally electrically linked to one another via the network 7, so that with respect to the antenna connection point 6, the resultant radiation characteristic, including radiation coupling, is obtained with the body of the vehicle.
  • a group antenna can also be designed, in which the coupling between the beams is carried out exclusively by the Radiation coupling of the antenna elements 3 takes place. In this case, only one of the existing radiators is connected to the antenna connection point 6 on the network 7 via a high-frequency line.
  • the radiation characteristic of the overall arrangement is essentially shaped by the entirety of the antenna elements 3 coupled to one another with radiation, including the effect of the vehicle body.
  • the radiation coupling between the antenna elements is essentially determined by their length and their distance from one another. Hiebei shows that if the distances between the radiators are too great, the radiation directional diagrams tend to form strong indents. In the case of preferred antenna arrangements, the distances between the most distant antenna elements are therefore chosen to be no greater than approximately twice the wavelength, also in the interest of a simple design of the network 7.
  • the phase and amplitude states of the electrical quantities on the antenna elements which are required to achieve the object of the invention are thus essentially dependent on their shape and position with respect to one another and on the coupling of radiation with the conductive vehicle body. There are thus a multitude of favorable arrangements of antenna groups according to the invention for each vehicle, each of which results in advantageous radiation characteristics by optimizing the network 7 specifically for this purpose.
  • radiator shapes used for this can be freely selected within certain limits.
  • antenna elements with a capacitive load 15 can be used and, in the interest of further shortening, e.g. can be connected with dummy elements 14.
  • the current assignments on the antenna elements can also be suitably influenced even in the case of antenna elements of longer length with a length of lambda / 2.
  • a particularly simple design of a group antenna results when using two radiators according to FIG. 6a.
  • the radiation is shadowed to the front.
  • a particularly advantageous arrangement on inclined window panes is the triangular arrangement in FIG. 7b.
  • two emitters are preferably attached symmetrically to the center at the top of the window and, to fill up the shading to the front, another emitter is preferably placed in the vertical line of symmetry 24 at a favorable distance 28 below.
  • FIG. 7b The radiation characteristics of the individual radiators are shown in FIG. 7b in the horizontal diagrams shown in FIGS. 10a to 10c. Each of the diagrams has strong intolerable indentations or shading areas.
  • the antenna elements used are made of rotationally symmetrical structures of the shape shown in FIG. 3, the non-roundness of the diagrams results as a result of the radiation coupling with the conductive vehicle body.
  • a suitable network 7 which feeds the antenna elements in the correct phase and amplitude and whose characteristics have been calculated using mathematical optimization methods specifically for the antenna elements measured on the specific vehicle, the directional diagram shown in FIG. 10d is achieved, which is much smaller Owns indents.
  • a temporally invariant antenna counterweight is necessary for each antenna element for the inventive design of the group antenna.
  • This is advantageously designed as a high-frequency conductive surface on the window pane, as shown in FIG. 4.
  • it is designed as a radiation-shaped structure which consists of wire-shaped conductors 20 extending radially from the network 7.
  • the network 7 itself is advantageously equipped with a conductive outer surface, which is in the center of the group antenna forms part of the antenna counterweight for the antenna elements.
  • the radiating conductors are connected to this conductive outer surface at a high frequency. These beams can be supplemented by a ring attached around the group antenna to a high-frequency conductive mesh network.
  • the design of the antenna counterweight as a high-frequency conductive surface has a very advantageous shielding effect against electromagnetic fields which would otherwise penetrate into the passenger compartment.
  • the requirement for a defined antenna counterweight can thus advantageously be combined with the requirement for a field weakening of the hazardous electromagnetic radiation.
  • heating conductors 23 there are often horizontally mounted heating conductors 23 on the rear window (FIG. 5a). Points of the same DC voltage potential can be galvanically connected to one another without influencing the heating current flow. By introducing connecting landings, as in FIG. 5a, the heating field 23 can also be designed as a surface that largely shields against high frequencies and can act as an expanded antenna counterweight. In order to enable high-frequency currents between the ground surface in the group antenna via the heating field 23 without influencing the heating currents, a direct current-impermeable, frequency-selective connection 21 in the wire-shaped conductors 20 is advantageous. Such frequency-selective connections are also necessary if parts of the antenna counterweight are used as antenna parts for other radio services, which are also attached to the window pane.
  • FIG. 5a An example of this is given in FIG. 5a for the antenna 22, which could act as an AM-FM antenna, for example.
  • Capacitive structures are mainly used as frequency-selective connecting elements 21.
  • a coplanar line structure of approximately lambda / 4 length for the radio frequency is also very advantageous, as is shown in detail in FIG. 5b using the example of the AM-FM antenna and the heating conductor coupling.
  • the group antenna is to be designed equally for several radio systems, such as the D network and the E network, the antenna elements can be designed in such a way that they are functional in both frequency ranges.
  • the network 7 is designed in such a way that it ensures the phase and amplitude conditions required for the individual radiators in the two frequency ranges, the group antenna can be used in both frequency ranges. Another possibility is to use separate antenna elements at least partially for both frequency ranges.
  • connection points 2 are considered as connection gates 27 of a radiator network.
  • the wave parameters of this radiator network can be determined.
  • the excitations at the connection gates 27 can follow
  • Amount and phase are measured. With knowledge of the properties of the radiator network and its excitation by the incident wave at the various connection gates 27, an optimal network 7 can be designed with the aid of modern computing systems using suitable optimization strategies.
  • the radio antenna should work according to the task of the invention.
  • antenna diversity operation is generally preferable due to the Rayleigh scattering of the waves received.
  • the network can be designed in such a way that, with the aid of switching diodes, different signal combinations of the individual signals received by the beams are formed at the antenna connection point 6.
  • the switching diodes can be controlled in such a way that the signal combination appears at every moment at the antenna connection point, which effects the best possible reception.
  • the design of the radio antenna as a group antenna thus offers the advantage of being usable simultaneously as a diversity antenna.

Landscapes

  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)

Abstract

Un système d'antennes radio qui assure la liaison radiophonique avec des stations terrestres de radiodiffusion d'ondes décimétriques ou centimétriques comprend un émetteur situé sur la vitre inclinée d'une carrosserie de véhicule sensiblement électroconductrice. Au moins un autre émetteur comprend un élément d'antenne situé sur la face extérieure de la même vitre, perpendiculairement à celle-ci, et un contrepoids d'antenne situé sur la vitre. Les émetteurs forment ensemble un réseau d'antennes avec une prise antenne.
EP94916877A 1993-06-07 1994-06-06 Systeme d'antennes radio situe sur la vitre d'un vehicule a moteur Expired - Lifetime EP0662255B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4318869A DE4318869C2 (de) 1993-06-07 1993-06-07 Funkantennen-Anordnung auf der Fensterscheibe eines Kraftfahrzeugs und Verfahren zur Ermittlung ihrer Beschaltung
DE4318869 1993-06-07
PCT/DE1994/000625 WO1994029926A1 (fr) 1993-06-07 1994-06-06 Systeme d'antennes radio situe sur la vitre d'un vehicule a moteur

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0662255A1 true EP0662255A1 (fr) 1995-07-12
EP0662255B1 EP0662255B1 (fr) 1999-04-21

Family

ID=6489799

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94916877A Expired - Lifetime EP0662255B1 (fr) 1993-06-07 1994-06-06 Systeme d'antennes radio situe sur la vitre d'un vehicule a moteur

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US5619214A (fr)
EP (1) EP0662255B1 (fr)
DE (2) DE4318869C2 (fr)
ES (1) ES2131197T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO1994029926A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7193572B2 (en) 2002-05-16 2007-03-20 Kathrein-Werke Kg Roof antenna for motor vehicles

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DE4339162A1 (de) * 1993-11-16 1995-05-18 Lindenmeier Heinz Funkantennenanordnung für den Dezimeterwellenbereich auf einem Kraftfahrzeug
DE4408744A1 (de) * 1994-03-15 1995-09-21 Lindenmeier Heinz Gruppenantenne und Verfahren zur meßtechnischen und rechnerischen Ermittlung der Werte von in die Antenne einzufügenden Impedanzen
DE4426252C2 (de) * 1994-07-25 1997-10-23 Siemens Ag Antennenanordnung, insbesondere für drahtlose Telekommunikationssysteme
US5926143A (en) * 1997-04-23 1999-07-20 Qualcomm Incorporated Multi-frequency band rod antenna
DE19916855A1 (de) * 1999-04-14 2000-10-26 Heinz Lindenmeier Funktelefonanlage mit Gruppenantenne für Fahrzeuge
SE514956C2 (sv) * 1999-09-27 2001-05-21 Volvo Personvagnar Ab Antennenhet för mottagande av elektromagnetiska signaler i ett fordon
DE10040307A1 (de) * 2000-08-14 2002-03-07 Comsys Comm Systems Service Gm Passiver Repeater für Mobilfunkanwendungen
DE20219770U1 (de) * 2002-12-20 2004-01-15 Pilkington Automotive Deutschland Gmbh Fahrzeugantennenscheibe
DE102004011662B4 (de) * 2004-03-10 2006-04-20 Daimlerchrysler Ag Antennenbefestigungsanordnung
DE102006039357B4 (de) * 2005-09-12 2018-06-28 Heinz Lindenmeier Antennendiversityanlage zum Funkempfang für Fahrzeuge
DE102006025176C5 (de) 2006-05-30 2023-02-23 Continental Automotive Technologies GmbH Antennenmodul für ein Fahrzeug
DE102007011636A1 (de) * 2007-03-09 2008-09-11 Lindenmeier, Heinz, Prof. Dr. Ing. Antenne für den Rundfunk-Empfang mit Diversity-Funktion in einem Fahrzeug
DE102007017478A1 (de) * 2007-04-13 2008-10-16 Lindenmeier, Heinz, Prof. Dr. Ing. Empfangsanlage mit einer Schaltungsanordnung zur Unterdrückung von Umschaltstörungen bei Antennendiversity
EP2037593A3 (fr) * 2007-07-10 2016-10-12 Delphi Delco Electronics Europe GmbH Installation de diversité d'antennes pour la réception radio à bande relativement large dans des véhicules
DE102007039914A1 (de) * 2007-08-01 2009-02-05 Lindenmeier, Heinz, Prof. Dr. Ing. Antennendiversityanlage mit zwei Antennen für den Funkempfang in Fahrzeugen
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DE102008027371A1 (de) * 2008-06-09 2009-12-10 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Antennensystem, Sichtscheibe und Kraftfahrzeug
EP2209221B8 (fr) * 2009-01-19 2019-01-16 Fuba Automotive Electronics GmbH Installation de réception destinée à la sommation de signaux d'antennes phasés
DE102009011542A1 (de) * 2009-03-03 2010-09-09 Heinz Prof. Dr.-Ing. Lindenmeier Antenne für den Empfang zirkular in einer Drehrichtung der Polarisation ausgestrahlter Satellitenfunksignale
DE102009023514A1 (de) * 2009-05-30 2010-12-02 Heinz Prof. Dr.-Ing. Lindenmeier Antenne für zirkulare Polarisation mit einer leitenden Grundfläche
GB201105949D0 (en) * 2011-04-07 2011-05-18 Imagination Tech Ltd Vehicle antenna
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US7193572B2 (en) 2002-05-16 2007-03-20 Kathrein-Werke Kg Roof antenna for motor vehicles

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US5619214A (en) 1997-04-08
ES2131197T3 (es) 1999-07-16
DE4318869C2 (de) 1997-01-16
DE59408140D1 (de) 1999-05-27
EP0662255B1 (fr) 1999-04-21
DE4318869A1 (de) 1994-12-08
WO1994029926A1 (fr) 1994-12-22

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