Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06C—FINISHING, DRESSING, TENTERING OR STRETCHING TEXTILE FABRICS
  • D06C11/00—Teasing, napping or otherwise roughening or raising pile of textile fabrics

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a scraper device intended to equip machines, of the woolly or chardonneuse type, which allow the scraping of fabrics, knits, non-wovens, or any other textile article. It also relates to a machine for scraping fabrics comprising minus a scraper device according to the invention
• the machines for scraping fabrics, of the woolly or chardonneuse type comprise a rotary cylindrical drum the external face of which is provided over its entire periphery with scraping devices.
• the currently known scraping devices are rotary cylinders coated with a card lining, and have a action on the fibrous surface of the textile strip, which runs continuously at the periphery of the drum, the direction of travel of the textile strip is generally the same as the direction of rotation of the drum, the speed of rotation of the drum is significantly greater than the speed of the web of fabric
• the card lining in its most general sense is a lining on which are implanted teeth, the shape and dimensions of which depend on the desired effect, and therefore vary from one machine to another
• a conventional woolen machine there are two types of cylindrical scraping devices, known as bristle scraping cylinders or counterweight respectively
• These two types of scraping cylinders are regularly distributed around the periphery of the woolen drum due to one bristle scraper cylinder for one or more scraping cylinders counterweight, and are mounted so that their axis of rotation is parallel to the axis of rotation of the drum
• all the teeth of the lining are oriented in the same direction, perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the cylinder
• the direction of orientation of the teeth of the lining of a counterweight scraping cylinder is opposite to the direction of movement nt of the fabric strip, contrary to the direction of orientation of the teeth of the lining of a bristle scraping cylinder
• the bristle scraping cylinder is opposite to the direction of movement
• the scraping cylinders In scratching machines of the chardonneuse type, which are well known in particular by patents FR-A-1 196 286 and GB-A-876 154, the scraping cylinders, called thistles, have a lining whose teeth are oriented parallel to the axis of rotation of the cylinder These thistle scraping cylinders are mounted to rotate freely, at the periphery of the drum of the chardonneuse, so that the axis of rotation of the cylinder is inclined relative to the axis of rotation of the drum. , the teeth of the lining also have an angle of inclination, relative to the direction of travel of the treated textile strip. The angle of attack is called the angle complementary to 90 ° in the same plane of this angle of inclination.
• This angle of attack is adjustable as a function of the textile material to be scratched
• the measurement of the angle of attack of the teeth of a thistle scraper cylinder is equal to the measurement of the angle of inclination of the axis of rotation of this cylinder p ar relative to the axis of rotation of the drum of the scratching machine
• Hair, scrapers or thistles scraping cylinders may have a length such that it is sufficient to cover the width of the strip of textile to be scraped.
• each scraping cylinder alone constitutes a scraping line
• the direction of a line scraping is parallel to the axis of rotation of the drum of the scratching machine
• a woolly scratching machine in which each hair or counterweight scraping cylinder has a length significantly less than the width of the strip of fabric to be scratched
• each scraping line is formed by the juxtaposition of several scraping rollers of the same type, so as to cover the entire width of the textile strip
• the same principle can be applied for the constitution of scraping lines of the thistle type
• patent EP O 322 288 is a machine for scraping fabrics which is eq fitted with scraping cylinders counterpales and thistles, and which constitutes an improvement of the conventional woolen machine, in that it makes it possible to eliminate the
• the aim which the applicant has set is to propose a scraper device which, depending on the orientation of the teeth of its card lining, is of the bristle, counterweight or thistle type which is capable of being mounted on a machine for scraping the fabrics, and which for the same size, makes it possible to have an active surface of the lining even greater than that obtained with the scraping cylinders of patent EP O 322 288
• active surface denotes the surface of the fabric treated at a given instant by the teeth of the lining of a scraper device
• the scraper device of the invention which comprises two rotary cylinders, which are fixed on a support so that their axes of rotation are parallel, and a sleeve which is covered externally with a card lining. and which is mounted around the two cylinders
• the scraper device is said to be of the bristle, counterweight or thistle type II is intended to replace in a scraping line, a scraper cylinder similarly type
• the sleeve acts as a transmission belt between the lining and the two cylinders
• the scraper device is of the bristle or counterweight type
• at least one of the two cylinders is positively driven in rotation, and the teeth of the lining are oriented in the same direction, perpendicular to the direction of the axes of rotation of the cylinders
• the positively driven cylinder also allows, via the sleeve, to drive the second cylinder in rotation, when the latter is mounted free in rotation
• a scraper device according to the invention in which the two cylinders are positively driven in rotation at the same speed In this case the two cylinders must be perfectly synchronized
• the scraper device is of the thistle type
• the two cylinders are mounted free in rotation, and the teeth of the lining are directed parallel to the direction of the axes of rotation of the cylinders
• this type of scraper device it is the movement of the teeth of the lining in contact with the textile to be treated which causes, via the sleeve, the rotational movement of the cylinders
• the active surface of the card lining with which the sleeve is coated is greater than that of the card lining with which a conventional scraping cylinder is coated
• the efficiency of scraping is therefore increased, and it follows that a tooth of the lining is in contact with a greater length of the strip of fabric in its direction of travel, during a unitary rotation of the so, in the case of a thistle scraping device, for the same given angle of attack of a tooth of the lining, the lateral penetration distance of this
• the thistle scraping device further comprises means for adjusting each cylinder relative to the support.
• the invention also relates to a machine for scraping fabrics of the type known in that it comprises a cylindrical drum which is driven in rotation, and whose outer periphery is provided with scraping lines whose direction is parallel to the axis of rotation of the cylinder a manner characteristic of the invention, at least one e napping line is constituted by at least one napping device according to the invention, the support is secured to the outer face of the drum according to a first alternative embodiment of the machine for scraping the fabrics, this is of known type in that it comprises scraping lines of the bristles or counterweight type Typically at least one of the scraping lines is constituted by at least one bristle or counterweight scraper device according to the invention
• the axes of rotation of the two cylinders of the scraper device are parallel to the axis of rotation of the drum, the two cylinders have a rotational movement in a direction opposite to the direction of rotation of the drum
• the tissue scraping machine it is of the chardonneuse type and comprises only scraping lines of the thistle type Typically at least one scraping line is constituted by at least one scraper device thistles according to the invention
• the support of the scraper device is fixed to the outer face of the drum so that the teeth of the lining have an angle of attack ⁇ adjustable according to the fabrics to be scraped
• this is of the known type, in particular from document EP O 322 188, in that it comprises at least one scraping line of the thistle type alternating with one or more scraping lines.
• the counterweight type Typically, at least one scraping line is constituted by a thistle scraper device of the invention, or by a counterweight scraper device of the invention
• At least one scraping line is formed by the juxtaposition of several scraping devices of the same type, the cylinders of which have a shorter length compared to the width. of the strip of fabric to be scratched
• the thistle scraping devices have an angle of inclination with the direction of travel of the strip of fabric which is less important than the angle of inclination of the classic thistle scraper cylinders, for the same lateral penetration distance of the teeth, it follows that the juxtaposition is easier and causes fewer empty spaces between the scraper devices of the same line.
• the strip of treated fabric can not sink into said spaces during its scrolling, unlike a strip of textile treated on a scratching machine comprising scraping lines constituted by the juxtaposition of scraper cylinders thistles This avoids marking the fabric strip.
• FIG. 2 is a schematic representation, actual size, of the scraper device of Figure 1, in action on the surface of a strip of fabric, in side view
• - Figure 3 is a schematic representation of the scraper device of the FIG. 2, the scraping cylinders of which have been governed at different heights relative to the support,
• FIG. 4 is a partial schematic representation of a conventional woolen machine, comprising in particular thistle scraper cylinders
• - Figure 5 is a partial schematic representation of a machine for scraping fabrics, similar to the machine of Figure 4, and comprising scraping devices, such as those represented in FIG. 1,
• FIG. 6 is a schematic representation, real size, of a second thistle scraper device according to the invention, in top view, - and Figure 7 is a sectional view along the plane VII-VI I, of the sleeve of the thistle scraper device of figure 6
• the scraper device 1, of the thistle type consists of two cylinders 2a, 2b in this case identical, mounted parallel to each other on a support 3, and around which is mounted a sleeve 4, externally coated with a card lining 6
• Each cylinder 2a, 2b is mounted to rotate freely on itself along an axis of rotation 2'a, 2'b around a axis 5a, 5b, which is fixedly mounted on the support 3
• the support 3 comprises two brackets 3a, making it possible to support each end of the axis in height respectively.
• the support 3 comprises 2 brackets 3b, for the suspension of the axis 5b of the cylinder 2b
• each end of the axes 5a, 5b is fixedly mounted respectively through a vertical slot 9a, 9b made in the brackets 3a, 3b
• This slot allows an adjustment in height of each axis 5a, 5b, and by the same of each cylinder 2a, 2b, with respect to the support 3
• the scraper device of FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 is of the thistle type, because the teeth 7 of its card lining 6 are oriented in a general direction which is parallel to the axes of rotation 2'a, 2'b of the cylinders 2a, 2b
• the machine 10 for scraping fabrics which is shown in Figure 4, and which has also been described in document EP.O.322 188, consists of a cylindrical drum 11, at the periphery of which are alternately mounted counterweight scraper cylinders 12 and thistles 14. Each counterweight scraper cylinder 12 constitutes a counterweight scraper line 13 '. The juxtaposition of four thistle scraping cylinders 14 constitutes a thistle scraping line 13.
• the scraping lines 13 and 13 ′ are oriented in a direction parallel to the axis of rotation of the cylindrical drum 1 1.
• Each thistle scraping cylinder 14 is inclined d 'An angle ⁇ relative to the direction of the axis of rotation of the cylindrical drum 1 1 so that the teeth of the lining of this scraper device have an angle of attack ⁇ .
• This angle ⁇ is the angle made by the direction of travel of the strip of treated fabric (arrow D) with the direction (arrow C), which is orthogonal to the direction of the teeth of a scraper cylinder 14 (arrow E). Consequently, the measurement of the angle ⁇ is equal to the measurement of the angle ⁇ .
• the tissue scraping machine 15 according to the invention which is shown in FIG. 5 differs from the tissue scraping machine 10 of FIG. 4, in that each scraper cylinder 14 has been replaced by a device thistle scraper such as that shown in FIG. 1
• Each scraper device 1 is fixed to the outer periphery of the cylindrical drum 1 1 by means of its support 3
• the means allowing the fixing of this support 3 are of a type known in particular by the cylinders conventional thistle scrapers, and are therefore not shown. They allow adjustment of the inclination of the axes 5a and 5b of the scraping devices 1 of the same scraping line, relative to the direction of travel of the strip of fabric.
• angle of attack ⁇ of the teeth of the lining of the thistle scraping devices 1 is adjustable In the following text, it will be considered that in FIGS. 4 and 5 the measurement of the angle ⁇ as defined above is positive
• FIG. 2 shows the action, on the surface of a strip of fabric 19, of the teeth 7 of the lining of a scraper device 1 of the machine 15 of FIG. 5
• the support 3 of the scraper device 1 driven in rotation by the cylindrical drum (not shown) of the tissue scraping machine, and the fabric strip 19 have the same direction of movement (arrow D)
• the speed of travel of the fabric strip 19 is conventionally l order of 2Om / mn, while the advancement speed of the scraper device, which corresponds to the circumferential speed of the cylindrical drum on which it is mounted, is around 34Om / mn
• the speed of movement of the device support scraper 1 being clearly greater than the speed of movement of the strip of fabric 19, the sleeve 4 acquires a rotational movement in the direction of arrow H, under the effect of the contact of the teeth 7 of the lining 6 with the strip of fabric 19 So a tooth 7 of the lining att aque the fabric at point A, and the loose at point L
• thistle scraping devices 1 can be adjusted so as to have a much lower angle of attack ⁇ while obtaining at least equivalent efficiency.
• the angle of attack ⁇ of the scraping devices of the machine 15 being smaller than the angle of attack of the scraping cylinders 14 of the machine 10, one obtains a more progressive attack and release of the tissue.
• the teeth of the lining of the sleeve of the devices scrapers of the invention retain less fluff, the sleeve is therefore easier to clean
• the measurement of the angle of attack ⁇ can be adjusted between -2 ° and 7 °
• the thistle scraper devices 1 equipping the machine 15 of FIG. 5 is adjusted so that the measurement of their angle of attack ⁇ is negative, the thistle scraper devices 1 no longer have any scraping action on the fabric.
• the fabric is felted, which undergoes the action only of the scraper counterweight cylinders.
• inclination ⁇ of the scraping devices 1 of the machine 15 of FIG. 5 being smaller than that of the scraping cylinders 14 of the machine 10 of FIG.
• the sleeve 4 of a scraper device of the invention must be sufficiently tight to be in contact with the two cylinders 2a and 2b and act as a transmission belt II must however be sufficiently flexible, in particular in the area between the two cylinders 2a and 2b, so that it can be driven in rotation, without opposing resistance II has indeed been found, in the case in particular of a thistle scraper device, that too high a tension of the sleeve surrounding the two cylinders 2a and 2b resulted in a jerk drive of said sleeve, in contact with the strip of fabric 19 in movement
• the sleeve 4 can be of endless type In this case it is up to the person skilled in the art to adapt the size of his sleeve , depending on the spacing of the two cylinders, in order to obtain an optimum tension of the sleeve
• the sleeve will however preferably be constituted by a band joined at its two ends, such as the sleeve 4 of the
• the thistle scraper device 1 ′ constitutes an improvement of the thistle scraper device 1 of FIG. 1
• the sleeve 4 of the thistle scraper device 1 ′ consists of a strip of which two edges 4a and 4b are made integral with each other, at 12 by means of a rod 16 More particularly, the edge 4a is extended by a piece of fabric 17a, which is fixed on either side of the sleeve, and whose shape is provided so as to define a plurality of passage loops 18a, for the rod 16 Similarly, the edge 4b of the sleeve 4 is extended by a strip of fabric 17b defining a plurality of passage loops 18b for the rod 16
• the two strips of fabric 17a and 17b are designed so as to be complementary to each other, that is to say so that when the two edges 4a and 4b are brought together to form a closed sleeve, a passage loop 18a (respectively 18b)
• This preferred embodiment has the advantage of facilitating the interchangeability of the sleeves, and thereby of the card linings.
• it is not necessary to disassemble the cylinders 2a and 2b. It suffices simply to remove the rod 16 in order to separate the two edges 4a and 4b of the sleeve.
• one of the ends 16a of the metal rod 16 is preferably bent in order to ensure that it is held in position
• Another advantage of the preferred embodiment of the sleeve 4 which has just been described, is that it makes it possible to obtain a slight clearance between the two edges 4a and 4b of the sleeve 4, and thereby to obtain flexibility. desired at sleeve 4
• this flexibility of the sleeve also has the following advantages Under the effect of centrifugal force, during rotation of the drum, the part of the sleeve 4 which extends between the two cylinders 2a and 2b, tends to bulge. Of the so, when a thistle scraping device arrives, due to the rotation of the drum at the periphery of which it is mounted, at the level of the cleaning brush which is located at the bottom of the drum, the convex shape of the sleeve makes it possible to facilitate and obtain a better cleaning of the card lining by the cleaning brush
• thistle scraper device when the thistle scraper device is located in the working area of the drum, that is to say in the upper part of the drum, the flexibility of the sleeve allows the teeth of the carding lining which are hooked in the strip. of fabric 19 (point A), to remain hooked for a longer time until the point of release (point L) A sleeve that is too tightly stretched would tend to cause premature release of the teeth hooked in the tissue band and thereby decrease the distance between the points of attack A and of release L, that is to say of reducing the distance of lateral penetration
• This flexibility of the sleeve therefore makes it possible to obtain a better regularity of scraping, a better swelling of the strip of fabric, and a more progressive release which causes less loss of material and avoids the marking of the fabric strip
• the teeth 7 of the lining do not extend in the zone corresponding to the two strips of fabric 17a and 17b There is therefore a slight break in the continuity of the lining
• a foam joint Preferably, this foam joint will have the shape of an inverted U, and will be fixed only on one of the two strips of fabric, so as not to stiffen the connection between the two edges 4a and 4b of the sleeve 4, which would adversely affect the flexibility of this sleeve
• the radius R of these drive washers 8a is slightly greater than or equal to the distance d which separates the surface of the teeth 7 of the lining 6 from the axis of rotation 2'a of the cylinder 2a
• These drive washers 8a make it possible to improve the attack of the tissue coming before or accompanying the attack of the teeth 7 of the lining, and thereby facilitate the start of the sleeve rotation drive
• the cylinder 2b of the thistle scraper device 1 ' is fitted with washers 8b.
• the radius r of the washers 8b is strictly less than the distance d, in order to prevent the teeth 7 of the lining from being blocked against the washers 8b, when the fabric is released, which would cause, if necessary, a deterioration of the fabric
• the washers 8a and 8b make it possible to obtain guidance of the sleeve 4, and to prevent it from sliding in the direction of the axes of the cylinders 2a and 2b, under the tension force exerted on the teeth 7 'of the lining 6 during scraping This sliding tends to occur in the direction opposite to that of the orientation of the teeth 7 of the card lining 6, that is to say in a direction opposite to the arrow E
• the sleeve 4 is equipped with guide jumpers 20, which are for example made of treated steel, and which are mounted astride the circumferential edge 4c of the sleeve 4 which is located in the direction opposite to that of orientation of the teeth 7
• These guide jumpers 20 also make it possible to avoid deterioration of the sleeve 4, by friction of its circumferential edge 4c against the washers 8a and 8b
• the invention is not limited to particular embodiments a thistle scraper which have been given by way of non-exhaustive examples.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
• Preliminary Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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ID=9433804

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• 1992
  • 1992-09-17 FR FR9211346A patent/FR2695656B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 1993
  • 1993-09-14 DE DE69306802T patent/DE69306802D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1993-09-14 JP JP6507851A patent/JPH08504002A/ja active Pending
  • 1993-09-14 WO PCT/FR1993/000883 patent/WO1994006959A1/fr active IP Right Grant
  • 1993-09-14 EP EP93920880A patent/EP0660893B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1993-09-17 CN CN 93119098 patent/CN1109527A/zh active Pending

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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