EP0654771B1 - Verfahren zur Vermeidung von Fehlalarmen in einem Brandmeldesystem, und Brandmeldesystem zur Durchführung des Verfahrens - Google Patents
Verfahren zur Vermeidung von Fehlalarmen in einem Brandmeldesystem, und Brandmeldesystem zur Durchführung des Verfahrens Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0654771B1 EP0654771B1 EP94113870A EP94113870A EP0654771B1 EP 0654771 B1 EP0654771 B1 EP 0654771B1 EP 94113870 A EP94113870 A EP 94113870A EP 94113870 A EP94113870 A EP 94113870A EP 0654771 B1 EP0654771 B1 EP 0654771B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- interval
- sub
- threshold value
- signal
- sensor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B29/00—Checking or monitoring of signalling or alarm systems; Prevention or correction of operating errors, e.g. preventing unauthorised operation
- G08B29/18—Prevention or correction of operating errors
- G08B29/20—Calibration, including self-calibrating arrangements
- G08B29/24—Self-calibration, e.g. compensating for environmental drift or ageing of components
- G08B29/26—Self-calibration, e.g. compensating for environmental drift or ageing of components by updating and storing reference thresholds
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for avoiding false alarms in a fire detection system, with a plurality of detectors connected to a control center, which at least a sensor for monitoring fire parameters and for delivering the corresponding ones
- a control center which at least a sensor for monitoring fire parameters and for delivering the corresponding ones
- False alarms which are among the most common faults in fire protection systems, occur among other things the reason is because the sensors are "mistaken" by not moving between one a fire-indicating fire parameter and a fire-pretending parameter can distinguish.
- the main cause of this deception is that both sizes are physically the same but of different origin, that is, the physical size For example, "smoke" once from a fire, once from a cigar smoker and once can be caused by welding work in the respective room. If the one in question If the detector responds to smoke as a fire parameter, it will in any of the three cases do, and it will not be possible to trigger false alarms by the cigar smoker or the welding work by increasing the reliability of the sensor or individual To prevent components from this. As known systems, however, almost exclusively Such an improvement in reliability is usually directed to the number do not reduce false alarms of the type described.
- the invention is now intended to provide a method by means of which false alarms are used largely avoided or at least noticeably reduced. This will accomplish this task solved that in a method of the type mentioned in the additional characterizing Part of claims 1 and 2 specified process steps are carried out.
- interference level monitoring is carried out the detector through circuits that generate at least one fault alarm threshold, which is at a certain distance from the operating point of the signal from the detector. at If the fault alarm threshold is exceeded, the alarm memory arranged in the detector is triggered without an alarm being issued set.
- the interference level monitoring that takes place during normal operating time informs early on whether there is a tendency towards false alarms in the detector concerned.
- the Exceeding the fault alarm threshold is displayed on the detector itself and / or to the control center forwarded so that the operator in question is always informed on which Notification maintenance work must be carried out to remedy the fault.
- This noise level monitoring is a type of detector self-monitoring, but it has no information about it provides whether or that a false alarm due to application errors can be expected.
- False alarms are the ratio of the time it takes to decide whether to issue a warning whether or not, and the reliability of this decision. Because on the one hand it has to Decision will be made within the shortest possible time as a false alarm is common shortly after a change in the environmental conditions. And on the other hand it is statistical relevance of the data collected during this short period of time is not great and can this should not be at all.
- This problem of estimating the likelihood of a false alarm from just a little Information is provided in a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention solved in that the maximum value of the sensor signal is determined in each subinterval and off the mean of all subintervals is calculated as the mean for the relevant interval.
- the invention further relates to fire alarm systems for carrying out the methods mentioned according to claims 6 and 7.
- reference numeral 1 designates the or a sensor of a fire detector, on the Output a sensor signal S is available.
- Reference numeral 2 denotes a block 2, in which the quantization of the sensor signals S takes place, that is to say the continuous sensor signal is sampled becomes.
- Reference number 3 denotes a stage for signal analysis, at the output of which the probability of one False alarm indicating signal W is available.
- the signal analysis is usually carried out not in the detector, but in the control center to which the detector with sensors 1 is connected are. It does not matter whether the control center receives the sensor signal S received or not in quantized form; in the latter case the quantization in the Central are done, which in the figure by the sensor 1 with the analysis stage 3 directly connecting, dashed line is indicated.
- an interval is first defined over which the sensor signal should be analyzed.
- the length of this interval can vary in minutes, days, Move weekly or even monthly range.
- a second interval is then preferably of the same length as the first or an interval grid with lengths corresponding to the first interval grid is determined and the result of the analysis of the sensor signal in each Subintervals of the first interval to the corresponding subintervals of the second interval.
- a main prerequisite for this is the behavior of the sensor signal S in one to be able to deduce the behavior in a second interval in the first interval the presence of a steady state. So one assumes that during the observation and registration of the signal was in a steady state, and that this will continue to be the case during the second interval.
- intervals of different lengths are therefore recommended because the weighting of a signal regarding its relevance for a possible Alarm is very dependent on the time reference. So if, for example, on 20 events in a single day, i.e. exceeding any threshold, occur, then, based on an interval of one day in length, 20 mutually independent events. Relating to a half-yearly or yearly interval on the other hand, it is a cluster of events that in no way as can be viewed independently of each other.
- the Intervals composed of several subintervals in analysis level 3 only considers the event with the greatest amplitude per subinterval. Leading in fact that in a given subinterval all events with amplitudes below the maximum are not taken into account, but is not critical, because these events are detected at shorter intervals and sub-intervals. The maximum values of the individual subintervals then become one for the respective one Interval representative mean. Finally, this mean becomes derived the probability of a false alarm.
- the user determines to what extent the system should prevent false alarms. For example, if 9 out of 10 false alarms are to be prevented, P is set to 0.9. This value and the number m of subintervals define the condition for the system to issue a warning: Warning if: ⁇ L ⁇ - In [1 - P 1 / m (T, L)]
- the range of intervals so that the shortest by the shortest response time of a user, that is typically 10 minutes, and the longest by the maximum expected Duration of the steady state, for example 6 months. If starting from the shortest interval, the interval length doubles, then results that from 10 minutes to 6 months 15 intervals.
- the means for each interval is obtained by filtering the maxima of the subintervals with a digital low-pass filter. This mean value together with the provisional maximum is in each case Interval saved.
- the algorithm for the warning is very simple: the system calculates the mean values and checks whether this is a given, at the likelihood of avoidance of a false alarm P exceeds the corresponding threshold value. This can be different for each interval. If, as stated above, 9 out of 10 False alarms are to be prevented, then the system, as soon as it detects that the mean one within an interval of, for example, one hour Has exceeded a value of 22% of the threshold value, give a hint and one Request intervention within the next hour. If the interval is 1 month, then the hint would be different because the intervention would not be so urgent would.
- This function is a so-called application error determination or message alerting the user to any application errors should draw attention.
- the basic idea is that it is determined automatically whether and how often a detector within a certain interval a certain, does not yet exceed an alarm level that triggers the alarm. Because then there is Risk of a false alarm being triggered at some point.
- Fig. 2 shows the diagram of a plotted against time t Sensor signal S, wherein on the ordinate a threshold value G1 for the low mentioned Danger level is drawn.
- a detector counts each time the threshold is exceeded G1 and delivers a corresponding pulse In to a counter 4.
- the counter 4 counts the pulses In over the selected time interval T of, for example, 24 hours and reports the counter reading in the example shown at the end of the time interval is 5, to a comparator 5. This compares the meter reading received with a set value and gives an advisory message if this value is exceeded the type of "inappropriate use" or the like.
- the illustrated embodiment can be further expanded, for example, by the signal S is quantized and thus how long the exceedance is determined of the threshold value G1 has lasted through the signal S.
- the signal S is quantized and thus how long the exceedance is determined of the threshold value G1 has lasted through the signal S.
- the signal S is quantized and thus how long the exceedance is determined of the threshold value G1 has lasted through the signal S.
- the signal S is quantized and thus how long the exceedance is determined of the threshold value G1 has lasted through the signal S.
- the signal S is quantized and thus how long the exceedance is determined of the threshold value G1 has lasted through the signal S.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fire Alarms (AREA)
- Alarm Systems (AREA)
Description
- Fig. 1
- ein Blockschema der Signalverarbeitung; und
- Fig. 2
- ein Diagramm zur Erläuterung einer speziellen Funktion, der sogenannten Applikationsfehlerermittlung.
Warnung, wenn:
Claims (9)
- Verfahren zur Vermeidung von Fehlalarmen in einem Brandmeldesystem, mit einer Mehrzahl von mit einer Zentrale verbundenen Meldern, welche mindestens einen Sensor zur Überwachung von Brandkenngrössen und zur Abgabe entsprechender Sensorsignale aufweisen, aus denen in einem Signalverarbeitungsprozess, welcher einen Vergleich des Sensorsignals (S) mit einem unterhalb einer Gefahrenstufe liegenden Schwellwert (G1) umfasst, durch Vergleich mit entsprechenden Gefahrenstufen Gefahrensignale abgeleitet werden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Signalverarbeitungsprozess folgende weitere Schritte enthält:a. Zählung der Überschreitungen des genannten Schwellwerts (G1) über ein erstes Intervall (T) mit vorgegebener Dauer;b. Vergleich des Ergebnisses der Zählung mit einem vorgegebenen Wert und Abgabe eines Hinweissignals auf einen möglichen Fehlalarm, wenn der vorgegebene Wert überschritten wurde.
- Verfahren zur Vermeidung von Fehlalarmen in einem Brandmeldesystem, mit einer Mehrzahl von mit einer Zentrale verbundenen Meldern, welche mindestens einen Sensor zur Überwachung von Brandkenngrössen und zur Abgabe entsprechender Sensorsignale aufweisen, aus denen in einem Signalverarbeitungsprozess, welcher einen Vergleich des Sensorsignals (S) mit einem unterhalb einer Gefahrenstufe liegenden Schwellwert (G1) umfasst, durch Vergleich mit entsprechenden Gefahrenstufen Gefahrensignale abgeleitet werden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Signalverarbeitungsprozess folgende weitere Schritte enthält:a. Bestimmung eines ersten Intervalls mit vorgegebener Dauer und Unterteilung dieses ersten Intervalls in eine Anzahl gleich langer Subintervalle sowie Bestimmung der Anzahl der Überschreitungen des genannten Schwellwerts in den Subintervallen;b. Bildung eines Mittelwerts der Überschreitungen für das erste Intervall aus den Überschreitungen in den Subintervallen;c. Berechnung der Wahrscheinlichkeit (W) für einen Fehlalarm in einem folgenden zweiten Intervall aus dem genannten Mittelwert, wobei das Ergebnis der Analyse des Sensorsignals in den Subintervallen des ersten Intervalls auf die entsprechenden Subintervalle des zweiten Intervalls übertragen und untersucht wird, ob aus dem Verlauf des Sensorsignals in einem Subintervall des ersten Intervall ableitbar ist, dass im entsprechenden Subintervall des zweiten Intervall ein Fehlalarm ausgelöst werden könnte;d. Abgabe eines Hinweissignals auf einen möglichen Fehlalarm, wenn die Wahrscheinlichkeit (W) einen bestimmten Schwellwert überschreitet.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das zweite Intervall etwa gleich lang gewählt wird wie das erste.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in jedem Subintervall der Maximalwert des Sensorsignals (S) ermittelt und dass aus den Mittelwerten aller Subintervalle der Mittelwert für das erste Intervall berechnet wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der bestimmte Schwellwert für die Wahrscheinlichkeit (W) aufgrund des Ausmasses, bis zu dem Fehlalarme verhindert werden sollen, festgelegt wird.
- Brandmeldesystem mit Mitteln für die Durchführung des Verfahrens nach Anspruch 1, mit einer Zentrale, mit an diese angeschlossenen Meldern, welche Sensoren für Brandkenngrössen aufweisen und entsprechende Sensorsignale abgeben, und mit Signalverarbeitungsmitteln für den Vergleich der Sensorsignale (G) mit entsprechenden Gefahrenstufen und für die Ableitung von Gefahrensignalen, wobei die Signalverarbeitungsmittel Mittel für den Vergleich der Sensorsignale (S) mit einem unterhalb einer Gefahrenstufe liegenden Schwellwert (G1) aufweisen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Signalverarbeitungsmittel zusätzlich Mittel (4) für die Zählung der Überschreitungen des genannten Schwellwerts (G1) über ein erstes Intervall (T) mit vorgegebener Dauer und Mittel (5) für den Vergleich des Ergebnisses der Zählung mit einem vorgegebenen Wert und für die Abgabe eines Hinweissignals bei Überschreiten dieses Werts aufweisen.
- Brandmeldesystem mit Mitteln für die Durchführung des Verfahrens nach Anspruch 2, mit einer Zentrale, mit an diese angeschlossenen Meldern, welche Sensoren für Brandkenngrössen aufweisen und entsprechende Sensorsignale abgeben, und mit Signalverarbeitungsmitteln für den Vergleich der Sensorsignale (G) mit entsprechenden Gefahrenstufen und für die Ableitung von Gefahrensignalen, wobei wobei die Signalverarbeitungsmittel Mittel für den Vergleich der Sensorsignale (S) mit einem unterhalb einer Gefahrenstufe liegenden Schwellwert (G1) aufweisen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Signalverarbeitungsmittel zusätzlich Mittel für die Bestimmung der Anzahl der Überschreitungen dieses Schwellwerts während eines ersten Intervalls mit vorgergebener Duaer, Mittel für die Bildung eines Mittelwerts aus den Maximalwerten der Überschreitungen für das erste Intervall, Mittel für die Berechnung der Wahrscheinlichkeit (W) aus dem Mittelwert für einen Fehlalarm in einem folgenden zweiten Intervall und Mittel für die Abgabe eines Hinweissignals bei Überschreiten eines bestimmten Schwellwerts durch die Wahrscheinlichkeit (W) aufweisen, wobei durch die Mittel für die Berechnung der Wahrscheinlichkeit (W) für einen Fehlalarm eine Übertragung des Ergebnisses der Analyse des Sensorsignals in einem ersten Intervall auf ein entsprechendes zweites Intervall und eine Untersuchung erfolgt, ob aus dem Verlauf des Sensorsignals in dem genannten ersten Intervall ableitbar ist, dass im entsprechenden zweiten Intervall ein Fehlalarm ausgelöst werden könnte.
- Brandmeldesystem nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Signalverarbeitungsmittel Mittel für die Unterteilung des ersten Intervalls in gleich lange Subintervalle, Mittel für die Bestimmung der Maxima des Sensorsignals (S) in den Subintervallen und Mittel für die Bildung eines Intervallmittelwerts aus den Maxima enthalten.
- Brandmeldesystem nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mittel für die Bildung des Intervallmittelwerts durch ein digitales Tiefpassfilter gebildet sind.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH03487/93A CH686915A5 (de) | 1993-11-23 | 1993-11-23 | Verfahren zur Vermeidung von Fehlalarmen in einem Brandmeldesystem, und Brandmeldesystem zur Durchfuehrung des Verfahrens. |
CH348793 | 1993-11-23 | ||
CH3487/93 | 1993-11-23 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0654771A1 EP0654771A1 (de) | 1995-05-24 |
EP0654771B1 true EP0654771B1 (de) | 2002-01-09 |
Family
ID=4257060
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP94113870A Expired - Lifetime EP0654771B1 (de) | 1993-11-23 | 1994-09-05 | Verfahren zur Vermeidung von Fehlalarmen in einem Brandmeldesystem, und Brandmeldesystem zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5786756A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0654771B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JPH07200960A (de) |
CN (1) | CN1125422C (de) |
AT (1) | ATE211845T1 (de) |
CH (1) | CH686915A5 (de) |
DE (1) | DE59410025D1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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AU2015261622A1 (en) * | 2008-01-09 | 2015-12-17 | Aristocrat Technologies Australia Pty Limited | A method of gaming, a game controller and a gaming system |
US9786158B2 (en) | 2014-08-15 | 2017-10-10 | Adt Us Holdings, Inc. | Using degree of confidence to prevent false security system alarms |
US10522031B2 (en) * | 2015-09-01 | 2019-12-31 | Honeywell International Inc. | System and method providing early prediction and forecasting of false alarms by applying statistical inference models |
KR102006436B1 (ko) * | 2015-10-30 | 2019-08-01 | 삼성에스디에스 주식회사 | 거짓 경보 결정 방법 |
CN106781239B (zh) * | 2015-11-20 | 2019-04-02 | 上海点艺信息技术有限公司 | 一种智能看护的监测方法及系统 |
US10726711B2 (en) | 2017-05-01 | 2020-07-28 | Johnson Controls Technology Company | Building security system with user presentation for false alarm reduction |
US10037686B1 (en) | 2017-06-20 | 2018-07-31 | Honeywell International Inc. | Systems and methods for preventing false alarms during alarm sensitivity threshold changes in fire alarm systems |
US10916121B2 (en) * | 2018-05-21 | 2021-02-09 | Johnson Controls Technology Company | Virtual maintenance manager |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
ZA785255B (en) * | 1978-09-15 | 1979-12-27 | Anglo Amer Corp South Africa | Alarm system |
FR2542116A1 (fr) * | 1983-02-25 | 1984-09-07 | Verdon Roger | Dispositif d'elimination des fausses alarmes |
DE3463582D1 (en) * | 1983-03-04 | 1987-06-11 | Cerberus Ag | Circuit arrangement for the interference level control of detectors, arranged in a danger detection device |
JPS6115300A (ja) * | 1984-06-29 | 1986-01-23 | ホーチキ株式会社 | 火災警報装置 |
JPH079680B2 (ja) * | 1985-04-01 | 1995-02-01 | ホーチキ株式会社 | アナログ火災報知装置 |
JPH0719315B2 (ja) * | 1985-04-09 | 1995-03-06 | ホーチキ株式会社 | 火災報知装置 |
JPS61237197A (ja) * | 1985-04-12 | 1986-10-22 | ホーチキ株式会社 | 火災警報装置 |
US4764755A (en) * | 1987-07-27 | 1988-08-16 | Detection Systems, Inc. | Intruder detection system with false-alarm-minimizing circuitry |
-
1993
- 1993-11-23 CH CH03487/93A patent/CH686915A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1994
- 1994-09-05 DE DE59410025T patent/DE59410025D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-09-05 AT AT94113870T patent/ATE211845T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-09-05 EP EP94113870A patent/EP0654771B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-09-08 JP JP6214639A patent/JPH07200960A/ja active Pending
- 1994-11-23 CN CN94118419A patent/CN1125422C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-11-23 US US08/347,120 patent/US5786756A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN1109193A (zh) | 1995-09-27 |
CN1125422C (zh) | 2003-10-22 |
JPH07200960A (ja) | 1995-08-04 |
EP0654771A1 (de) | 1995-05-24 |
US5786756A (en) | 1998-07-28 |
ATE211845T1 (de) | 2002-01-15 |
DE59410025D1 (de) | 2002-02-14 |
CH686915A5 (de) | 1996-07-31 |
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