EP0654692A1 - Lentille ophthalmique à pouvoir progressif - Google Patents

Lentille ophthalmique à pouvoir progressif Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0654692A1
EP0654692A1 EP95101511A EP95101511A EP0654692A1 EP 0654692 A1 EP0654692 A1 EP 0654692A1 EP 95101511 A EP95101511 A EP 95101511A EP 95101511 A EP95101511 A EP 95101511A EP 0654692 A1 EP0654692 A1 EP 0654692A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
power
progressive
lens
distance
ophthalmic lens
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP95101511A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0654692B1 (fr
Inventor
John T. Winthrop
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sola International Inc
Original Assignee
American Optical Corp
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
    • G02C7/00—Optical parts
    • G02C7/02—Lenses; Lens systems ; Methods of designing lenses
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
    • G02C7/00—Optical parts
    • G02C7/02—Lenses; Lens systems ; Methods of designing lenses
    • G02C7/06—Lenses; Lens systems ; Methods of designing lenses bifocal; multifocal ; progressive
    • G02C7/061—Spectacle lenses with progressively varying focal power
    • G02C7/063—Shape of the progressive surface
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
    • G02C7/00—Optical parts
    • G02C7/02—Lenses; Lens systems ; Methods of designing lenses
    • G02C7/024—Methods of designing ophthalmic lenses
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
    • G02C7/00—Optical parts
    • G02C7/02—Lenses; Lens systems ; Methods of designing lenses
    • G02C7/024—Methods of designing ophthalmic lenses
    • G02C7/028—Special mathematical design techniques
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
    • G02C7/00—Optical parts
    • G02C7/02—Lenses; Lens systems ; Methods of designing lenses
    • G02C7/06—Lenses; Lens systems ; Methods of designing lenses bifocal; multifocal ; progressive
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
    • G02C7/00—Optical parts
    • G02C7/02—Lenses; Lens systems ; Methods of designing lenses
    • G02C7/06—Lenses; Lens systems ; Methods of designing lenses bifocal; multifocal ; progressive
    • G02C7/061—Spectacle lenses with progressively varying focal power

Definitions

  • This invention relates to progressive power ophthalmic lenses in accordance with the precharacterizing clause of claim 1 or 2.
  • a lens of this kind is disclosed in US-2 878 721.
  • astigmatism is kept to a minimum by distributing it over the entire area of the lens.
  • both the distant and near centers of vision become objectionable astigmatic.
  • the lens displays a sufficient continuity, it would not be acceptable to the wearer.
  • the GB-A-2 092 772 and US-A-4 514 061 disclose progressive power lenses wherein the surface power of the lens has a local maximum in the near vision area.
  • the power surfaces of said known lenses comprise the curve of intersection of a sphere of variable diameter and a cylinder of circular cross section.
  • the DP (distance portion) and the RP (reading portion) areas each are "shrunk" to a mathematical point.
  • the invention therefore, provides a progressive power spectacle lens with the smoothest possible distribution of dioptric power and lowest possible level of unwanted astigmatism, with orthoscopy at least approximately preserved in the lateral margins of the lens, and which in all power zones satisfies realistic requirements on stability of power and binocular compatibility.
  • the entire progressive surface can be considered to be generated by a generating curve C, which is the curve of intersection formed between a sphere of variable radius and a corresponding circular cylinder of variable diameter.
  • the dimensions and relative positions of the intersecting sphere and cylinder are so chosen as to produce a gently curving surface ensuring smooth optical effect.
  • maintenance of orthoscopy and binocular compatibility are not dealt with explicitly in the design process. Rather, these desirable features of the invention emerge as automatic consequences of the feature of minimized aberration and power gradient. Moreover, acceptable binocular performance is achieved without resorting to asymmetrical construction.
  • Bipolar progressive power lenses in accordance with the present invention may be made of glass or plastic material having a uniform index of refraction.
  • the changing curvatures required for progressive power variation are confined to the convex side of the lens, with the concave side being reserved for prescription grinding in the usual way and the convex side of the lens will hereafter be referred to as the "progressive surface".
  • the invention is not limited to lenses having convex progressive surfaces and is applicable equally to lenses having concave progressive surfaces.
  • the lens design which comprises the present invention is an improvement over earlier designs, and for a better understanding of the present design reference is made to the prior art where Canadian Patent No. 583,087 is exemplary.
  • a prior art lens 10 has a progressive surface 12 which is tangent to a vertical plane 14 at the geometrical center O and a second vertical plane 16 passes through the center O at right angles to the first vertical plane dividing the lens into two symmetrical halves.
  • the second plane 16 is called the principal vertical meridian, and its curve of intersection is designated MM' in Fig. 2 in which the progressive surface is represented by the meridian line 18.
  • the functional requirements of a progressive lens dictate that the surface along the meridian line and its partial derivatives, at least through second order and preferably through third order, must be continuous.
  • the curvature of the meridian line increases continuously in a predetermined manner from a minimum value in the upper half of the lens to a maximum value in the lower half. This variation of curvature along the vertical meridian is called the meridional power law.
  • the locus of the centers of curvature of the meridian line 18 shown in Fig. 2 comprises a continuous plane curve mm' called the evolute of the meridian line.
  • the radius vector qQ connecting two corresponding points (Q, q) is perpendicular to the meridian line 18 at Q and tangent to the evolute mm' at q.
  • Fig. 3 illustrates the construction of a representative progressive power lens.
  • the progressive surface is generated by a circular arc C having a horizontal orientation and a variable radius which passes successively through each point Q of the meridian line 18.
  • the generator C through a given point Q is defined as the line of intersection formed between a sphere of radius Qq centered at q and a horizontal plane through Q.
  • the complete progressive surface may be considered to be generated, or swept out, by the line of intersection C between a sphere of variable radius and a corresponding horizontal plane of variable height.
  • the principal curvatures at each point Q of the meridian line are equal, with the result that the surface is free of astigmatism at the meridian line.
  • the progressive surface 12 of this prior art lens is readily described in algebraic terms.
  • a rectangular coordinate system illustrated in Fig. 1 is defined whose origin coincides with O, and whose x-y plane coincides with the tangent plane at O.
  • the x-axis points downward in the direction of increasing optical power.
  • Equation (3) represents a family of spheres, and equation (4) a family of parallel planes.
  • the members of each family are generated by the single parameter u.
  • u For each value of u there exists a unique sphere and a plane that intersects it.
  • the curve of intersection between the sphere and plane surface is denoted C and is shown in Fig. 3.
  • u is varied between its maximum and minimum values, the curve C is caused to sweep out the complete progressive surface.
  • DP and RP areas of the design are spherical and extend over the full width of the lens.
  • Such a design provides full distance and reading utility but, as is well known, the astigmatism in the intermediate area is unacceptably strong.
  • the surface power and astigmatism characteristics of this prior art lens are depicted in Figs. 5A, 5B and 5C.
  • a progressive power spectacle lens with the smoothest possible distribution of dioptric power and lowest possible level of unwanted astigmatism is achieved by reducing the areas occupied by the spherical DP and RP to zero.
  • the DP and RP of the present invention strictly speaking, are mathematical points, not areas. This construction is illustrated schematically in Fig. 6 wherein the points F and N comprise the poles of a bipolar system of optical power.
  • Fig. 7B indicates, in passing to an embodiment of the present invention, in which the DP and RP are points, the family of parallel straight lines transforms into a family of circular arcs of varying radii.
  • the circular arcs of the lens illustrated in Fig. 7B represent the intersections of a one-parameter family of circular cylinders with the x-y plane. For each member of the original family of planes, there exists a corresponding member of the family of cylinders. Corresponding members of the families of intersecting spheres and cylinders intersect in a generating curve C. Moreover, these corresponding members are identified by the same parameter u, where u is the x-coordinate of a point Q on the meridian line of either lens. By varying the parameter u between its maximum and minimum values, the curve C is caused to sweep out the complete progressive surface of the invention.
  • This equation may be solved for the parameter u, giving an equation of the form: which reduces to equation (4) in the case of the prior art lens.
  • the equation of the progressive surface of the new lens is obtained by eliminating the parameter u between equation (7) and (3).
  • the size of the stable area surrounding F in the present invention depends essentially on the rate of growth of the curvature k(u) as a function of distance from F.
  • the slower the rate of growth the larger the stable far-viewing area.
  • the slower the rate of growth of k(u) as a function of distance from N the larger the stable near-viewing area.
  • Equation (17) defines the smoothest curvature function k(u) consistent with the given endpoint conditions.
  • the auxiliary function ⁇ (x,y) is defined on the x-y plane.
  • the function ⁇ does not represent the progressive surface itself, but is used to define the spacing of the cylindrical surfaces. This function takes on the following boundary values: where C1 and c 2 are constants.
  • the smoothest function ⁇ (x,y) consistent with these boundary conditions is deduced from the following considerations:
  • the Dirichlet principle accounts for the distribution of electrical potential around a charged electrical conductor, as well as the steady-state distribution of temperature in a thermal conductor. Such naturally-occurring distributions are smooth in the sense that the fields defining them minimize the Dirichlet integral. As will be demonstrated, a progressive lens whose surface derives from the Dirichlet principle likewise exhibits the property of smoothness.
  • auxiliary function ⁇ (x,y) one forms the so-called level curves, which are curves of constant ⁇ -value. These curves may be expressed in the form given by equations (6) or (7) and therefore may be taken to represent the required family of cylinders.
  • bipolar progressive surface f(x,y) is specified by the following set of equations:
  • the lens is characterized by an eighth-order polynomial power law, depicted in Fig. 9, and defined by the equation:
  • the quantity where n is the index of refraction of the lens material represents the "addition power" of the multifocal lens. This particular power law provides gradually varying surface power in the neighborhoods of the DP and RP poles. The lens thus provides adequate focal stability for the distant and near visual fields.
  • Figures 10A, 10B and 10C show the results of an electronic computer evaluation of the equations, using the given values of the parameters.
  • Fig. 10A gives the contours of constant mean surface power
  • Fig. 10B gives the contours of constant surface astigmatism
  • Fig. 10C provides a three-dimensional view of the distribution of surface astigmatism. Inspection of these diagrams shows that the power and astigmatism characteristics of the lens are smooth and slowly varying.
  • the minimum progressive corridor width, as measured between lines of 1.0 diopter astigmatism, is about 9 mm.
  • the surface astigmatism reaches a maximum value of just 1.51 diopters; this is about 0.4 diopter less astigmatism than that of any other 2.00 diopter addition progressive lens presently available. This example thus meets the goals of the invention.
  • the next example is that of a lens possessing what may be the lowest level of astigmatism possible in a progressive lens with umbilic vertical meridian. Because astigmatism is generated by power gradients, such a lens must exhibit the lowest possible power gradient between the poles of the bipolar construction. This is provided by a linear power law, depicted in Fig. 11, and defined by the equation
  • Figure 12A shows the contours of constant mean surface power
  • Fig. 12B the contours of constant surface astigmatism
  • Fig. 12C a three-dimensional representation of the surface astigmatism.
  • the maximum surface astigmatism is just 0.66 diopters, or 1/3 the add power. This may well represent the minimum value possible in a progressive lens with umbilic vertical meridian, although no proof of the conjecture exists.
  • Figure 10A shows that the power distribution in the neighborhoods of the DP and RP poles is relatively unstable. For this reason, despite its low level of astigmatism, the lens may not be desirable for general use. It is in fact best suited to visual tasks requiring only a narrow visual field, for example, the computer work station, comprising a keyboard and video display terminal.
  • the general invention as well as the two example lenses have been described as having a vertical line of symmetry.
  • This line runs down the middle of the progressive corridor and divides the lens into two symmetrical halves.
  • the symmetry line of the lens must be rotated about 9 from the vertical to provide an effective inset of the near viewing portion. This 9 rotation, which of course is applied to both lenses of a spectacle, ensures that the lines of sight can pass along the progressive corridors for clear vision at all distances.
  • the astigmatism levels are so high that the rotation adversely affects the binocular function, in some cases necessitating the introduction of an asymmetrical design.
  • the astigmatism levels are so low, and astigmatism so smoothly distributed, that the incorporation of asymmetry to counteract the effects of the 9 rotation is entirely unnecessary.
  • lens as used herein is intended to include the ophthalmic product in any and all forms common to the art, i.e., including lens blanks requiring second side (concave or convex) finishing as well as lenses finished on both sides and "uncut” or “cut” (edged) to a size and shape required for spectacles frame glazing.
  • the present lenses may be formed of glass or any one of the various known and used ophthalmic plastics. If second side finished, i.e., on the side opposite that having the progressive power surface, the second side may have prescription surface curvatures applied with the lens RP decentered in usual fashion.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Ophthalmology & Optometry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Eyeglasses (AREA)
  • Prostheses (AREA)
  • Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
EP95101511A 1986-12-19 1987-12-18 Lentille ophthalmique à pouvoir progressif Expired - Lifetime EP0654692B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US94470286A 1986-12-19 1986-12-19
US944702 1986-12-19
EP87118832A EP0271920B2 (fr) 1986-12-19 1987-12-18 Lentille ophtalmique progressive

Related Parent Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87118832A Division EP0271920B2 (fr) 1986-12-19 1987-12-18 Lentille ophtalmique progressive
EP87118832.2 Division 1987-12-18

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0654692A1 true EP0654692A1 (fr) 1995-05-24
EP0654692B1 EP0654692B1 (fr) 2004-09-15

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ID=25481911

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EP95101511A Expired - Lifetime EP0654692B1 (fr) 1986-12-19 1987-12-18 Lentille ophthalmique à pouvoir progressif
EP87118832A Expired - Lifetime EP0271920B2 (fr) 1986-12-19 1987-12-18 Lentille ophtalmique progressive

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87118832A Expired - Lifetime EP0271920B2 (fr) 1986-12-19 1987-12-18 Lentille ophtalmique progressive

Country Status (17)

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US (1) US4861153A (fr)
EP (2) EP0654692B1 (fr)
JP (2) JPS63192013A (fr)
KR (1) KR910001612B1 (fr)
AR (1) AR244443A1 (fr)
AT (2) ATE126359T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU592484B2 (fr)
BR (1) BR8706944A (fr)
CA (1) CA1299400C (fr)
DE (2) DE3752377T2 (fr)
DK (1) DK172417B1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2075828T3 (fr)
GR (1) GR3018026T3 (fr)
IL (1) IL84814A (fr)
MX (1) MX169482B (fr)
NO (1) NO180068C (fr)
NZ (1) NZ222965A (fr)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1997026579A1 (fr) * 1996-01-19 1997-07-24 Sola International Inc. Modele de lentille progressive a superposition rigide/souple
WO2004023189A1 (fr) * 2002-09-05 2004-03-18 Technovision GmbH Gesellschaft für die Entwicklung medizinischer Technologie Lentille corrigeant la presbytie et procede de fabrication de ladite lentille
CN109935973A (zh) * 2017-12-19 2019-06-25 中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院 一种背向散射天线及其分布方法
WO2022029150A1 (fr) 2020-08-07 2022-02-10 Rodenstock Gmbh Calcul amélioré de lentilles ophtalmiques

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US5123725A (en) * 1986-12-19 1992-06-23 American Optical Corporation Progressive addition spectacle lens
US4861153A (en) * 1986-12-19 1989-08-29 American Optical Corporation Progressive addition spectacle lens
AU650617B2 (en) * 1989-02-21 1994-06-30 American Optical Corporation Progressive addition spectacle lens
US5689324A (en) 1992-08-18 1997-11-18 Q2100, Inc. Progressive lens
JPH06118353A (ja) * 1992-10-02 1994-04-28 Kiyoshi Yamaguchi 多焦点レンズ
US5285222A (en) * 1992-11-20 1994-02-08 Gentex Optics, Inc. Progressive lens series
US5327181A (en) * 1993-01-12 1994-07-05 Gentex Optics, Inc. Progressive lens for specialty and occupational use
FR2704327B1 (fr) * 1993-04-23 1995-06-23 Essilor Int Paire de lentilles ophtalmiques multifocales progressives.
EP0744646A4 (fr) * 1994-10-06 2000-05-24 Seiko Epson Corp Verres optiques a courbure progressive multifoyer et leur procede de fabrication
US5867246A (en) * 1994-10-21 1999-02-02 Sola International Holdings, Ltd. Enhanced ophthalmic lens
US5691798A (en) * 1995-07-27 1997-11-25 Teijin Chemicals Ltd. Progressive power ophthalmic lens
US5715032A (en) * 1996-03-19 1998-02-03 Optical Radiation Corporation Progressive addition power ophthalmic lens
US6000798A (en) * 1997-10-06 1999-12-14 Innotech Inc. Ophthalmic optic devices
US6183084B1 (en) 1998-07-30 2001-02-06 Johnson & Johnson Vision Care, Inc. Progressive addition lenses
US6142627A (en) * 1998-12-01 2000-11-07 Sola International, Inc. Short-corridor progressive lens
US6174059B1 (en) 1999-05-14 2001-01-16 James E. Haley Eyeglasses and method of viewing
CA2386062A1 (fr) 1999-10-01 2001-04-12 Sola International Holdings Ltd. Lentille progressive
AU7385701A (en) * 2000-04-25 2001-11-07 Rodenstock Optik G Progressive spectacle glass
CN100510845C (zh) 2002-05-31 2009-07-08 克劳斯鲍斯光学有限公司 渐进递增光焦度的镜片
US7044597B2 (en) 2003-12-16 2006-05-16 Bausch & Lomb Incorporated Multifocal contact lens and method of manufacture thereof
US8231524B2 (en) * 2005-09-20 2012-07-31 Ai Medical Devices, Inc. Endotracheal intubation device
US7658708B2 (en) * 2005-09-20 2010-02-09 Ai Medical Devices, Inc. Endotracheal intubation device
US20080074612A1 (en) * 2006-09-12 2008-03-27 James Joseph Kent Executive style progressive ophthalmic lens
PL2069854T3 (pl) * 2006-09-15 2015-08-31 Carl Zeiss Vision Australia Holdings Ltd Element soczewki oftalmicznej
CA2704213A1 (fr) 2007-10-30 2009-05-07 Visionware Llc Lentille a lecture progressive et a distance intermediaire, definie par l'emploi d'une expansion de zernike
WO2010044862A1 (fr) * 2008-10-17 2010-04-22 Ai Medical Devices, Inc. Dispositif d'intubation endotrachéale
JP4559515B2 (ja) * 2008-12-03 2010-10-06 クロスボウズ オプティカル リミテッド 累進屈折力レンズ
FR2945874A1 (fr) * 2009-05-20 2010-11-26 Essilor Int Lentille ophtalmique de type unifocale
JP5083634B2 (ja) * 2009-09-14 2012-11-28 東海光学株式会社 累進屈折力レンズ
US8042941B2 (en) * 2010-01-29 2011-10-25 Indizen Optical Technologies, S.I. Lens with continuous power gradation
EP2506063A1 (fr) * 2011-03-31 2012-10-03 ESSILOR INTERNATIONAL (Compagnie Générale d'Optique) Lentille ophtalmique progressive
CN102419476B (zh) * 2011-12-23 2013-01-23 苏州大学 一种减小渐进多焦点镜片像散的优化方法
CN102937750B (zh) * 2012-12-07 2014-07-02 苏州大学 一种渐进多焦点片镜的设计方法
CN103246084B (zh) * 2013-05-29 2015-05-27 苏州科技学院 一种固定通道长度的渐进多焦点镜片
CN103246083B (zh) * 2013-05-29 2015-05-27 苏州科技学院 一种渐进多焦点眼用镜片及其制备方法
CN103246080B (zh) * 2013-05-29 2014-11-05 苏州科技学院 一种渐进多焦点眼用镜片的设计方法
EP2904450A4 (fr) 2013-12-31 2015-10-28 Alpha Primitus Inc Lentille optimisée pour image affichée
WO2015178916A1 (fr) 2014-05-22 2015-11-26 Carl Zeiss Vision International Gmbh Procédé de réduction de l'épaisseur d'une forme de lentille et ébauche de lentille non taillée
US9864212B2 (en) 2014-05-22 2018-01-09 Carl Zeiss Vision International Gmbh Method for reducing the thickness of a lens shape and uncut lens blank
CA3001719C (fr) * 2015-10-15 2023-12-19 Essilor International Verre ophtalmique a foyer progressif pour porteur hypermetrope et presbyte, et procede de fabrication d'un tel verre.
US10782541B2 (en) 2015-11-23 2020-09-22 Carl Zeiss Vision International Gmbh Method for designing a lens shape and spectacle lens
DE102016108958B4 (de) 2016-05-13 2018-04-12 Carl Zeiss Vision International Gmbh Verfahren zum näherungsweisen Ermitteln einer Gebrauchs-Nahwirkung eines Brillenglases, computerimplementiertes Verfahren, Computerprogrammprodukt und System
US10330950B2 (en) 2017-02-23 2019-06-25 Indizen Optical Technologies of America, LLC Progressive lenses with reduced peripheral mean sphere
CN107632412B (zh) * 2017-09-14 2019-05-10 苏州科技大学 一种曲率中心优化的渐进多焦点眼用镜片及其制备方法
WO2019106399A1 (fr) 2017-11-29 2019-06-06 Carl Zeiss Vision International Gmbh Procédé de fabrication d'un verre de lunettes, verre de lunettes et procédé de conception de verre
US11520308B2 (en) 2020-07-29 2022-12-06 Indizen Optical Technologies of America, LLC Progressive lenses with variable reduced peripheral mean sphere
CN112505948A (zh) * 2020-11-27 2021-03-16 江苏圣谱光学技术有限公司 基于正弦曲线的渐进多焦点镜片及其设计方法
CN116224620A (zh) * 2022-12-26 2023-06-06 江苏圣谱光学技术有限公司 一种基于双曲正切函数的镜片边缘减薄设计方法

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WO1997026579A1 (fr) * 1996-01-19 1997-07-24 Sola International Inc. Modele de lentille progressive a superposition rigide/souple
US5726734A (en) * 1996-01-19 1998-03-10 American Optical Corporation Hard/soft superposition progressive lens design
WO2004023189A1 (fr) * 2002-09-05 2004-03-18 Technovision GmbH Gesellschaft für die Entwicklung medizinischer Technologie Lentille corrigeant la presbytie et procede de fabrication de ladite lentille
CN109935973A (zh) * 2017-12-19 2019-06-25 中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院 一种背向散射天线及其分布方法
CN109935973B (zh) * 2017-12-19 2020-12-18 中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院 一种背向散射天线及其分布方法
WO2022029150A1 (fr) 2020-08-07 2022-02-10 Rodenstock Gmbh Calcul amélioré de lentilles ophtalmiques
DE102020004840A1 (de) 2020-08-07 2022-02-10 Rodenstock Gmbh Verbesserte Berechnung ophthalmischer Linsen

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ATE126359T1 (de) 1995-08-15
DE3752377T2 (de) 2005-09-01
EP0654692B1 (fr) 2004-09-15
GR3018026T3 (en) 1996-02-29
DK669487A (da) 1988-06-20
DE3751443T3 (de) 2002-10-31
EP0271920A2 (fr) 1988-06-22
NO180068C (no) 1997-02-05
JPS63192013A (ja) 1988-08-09
IL84814A (en) 1991-12-15
NO180068B (no) 1996-10-28
DK669487D0 (da) 1987-12-18
JPH0146850B2 (fr) 1989-10-11
JPH0667124A (ja) 1994-03-11
MX169482B (es) 1993-07-07
IL84814A0 (en) 1988-06-30
EP0271920B1 (fr) 1995-08-09
EP0271920A3 (en) 1990-04-18
AU8260587A (en) 1988-07-21
BR8706944A (pt) 1988-07-26
AR244443A1 (es) 1993-10-29
DE3751443T2 (de) 1996-02-01
KR910001612B1 (ko) 1991-03-16
DE3752377D1 (de) 2004-10-21
DK172417B1 (da) 1998-05-25
ES2075828T3 (es) 1995-10-16
EP0271920B2 (fr) 2001-08-08
ATE276534T1 (de) 2004-10-15
AU592484B2 (en) 1990-01-11
US4861153A (en) 1989-08-29
NO875325L (no) 1988-06-20
DE3751443D1 (de) 1995-09-14
KR880008056A (ko) 1988-08-30
NO875325D0 (no) 1987-12-18
CA1299400C (fr) 1992-04-28
NZ222965A (en) 1990-08-28

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