EP0654564B1 - Procédé pour installer le pont d'une plate-forme marine sur une structure support en mer - Google Patents

Procédé pour installer le pont d'une plate-forme marine sur une structure support en mer Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0654564B1
EP0654564B1 EP94402388A EP94402388A EP0654564B1 EP 0654564 B1 EP0654564 B1 EP 0654564B1 EP 94402388 A EP94402388 A EP 94402388A EP 94402388 A EP94402388 A EP 94402388A EP 0654564 B1 EP0654564 B1 EP 0654564B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
deck
support structure
plunger
hydraulic cylinder
plunger piston
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP94402388A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0654564A1 (fr
Inventor
Jean-Louis Hoss
Jean-Paul Labbe
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ETPM SA
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ETPM SA
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ETPM SA filed Critical ETPM SA
Priority to SG1995000246A priority Critical patent/SG34968A1/en
Publication of EP0654564A1 publication Critical patent/EP0654564A1/fr
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Publication of EP0654564B1 publication Critical patent/EP0654564B1/fr
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B17/02—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor placed by lowering the supporting construction to the bottom, e.g. with subsequent fixing thereto
    • E02B17/021—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor placed by lowering the supporting construction to the bottom, e.g. with subsequent fixing thereto with relative movement between supporting construction and platform
    • E02B17/024—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor placed by lowering the supporting construction to the bottom, e.g. with subsequent fixing thereto with relative movement between supporting construction and platform shock absorbing means for the supporting construction
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B2017/0039—Methods for placing the offshore structure
    • E02B2017/0047—Methods for placing the offshore structure using a barge

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for installing the bridge of a marine platform on a support structure at sea, as well as a bridge equipped with means allowing its installation on the support structure (see eg FR-A- 2,516,112).
  • a “bridge” is any type of superstructure of a platform installed at sea.
  • the bridge usually comprises several vertical tubular legs, of steel or concrete or partly of steel and partly of concrete, which are laid and fixed on a support structure.
  • the expression "support structure” designates any type of infrastructure sometimes called a "jacket” in this field of technology and intended to support the deck of the marine platform. In service, the support structure may be fully or partially submerged and it may or may not rest on a seabed.
  • the support structure usually comprises a number of vertical or substantially vertical piers and / or tubular members which corresponds to the number of legs of the bridge.
  • tubular members of the support structure also called “legs”
  • vertical members Said tubular members of the support structure, also called “legs”
  • the piers and / or vertical members may be made of metal or concrete or partly of metal and partly of concrete.
  • barge is any type of ballastable floating machine capable of transporting the deck of a marine platform.
  • the deck and support structure of a marine platform are usually prefabricated separately ashore or in a dry dock or in a form of refit, and they are then conveyed or towed separately to a site at sea where they are then assembled together.
  • the assembly site can be the site of use of the platform or any other site chosen to have sufficient water depth and relatively calm sea conditions.
  • Operations f) and g) can be carried out in the above order, in reverse order or simultaneously.
  • the receiving part provided at the upper end of each stack or vertical member of the support structure comprises a guide tube whose upper end is flared to receive and center the plunger associated with the leg correspondent of the bridge.
  • the horizontal movement components of the bridge (cavally) induced by the swell generate horizontal forces.
  • the present invention therefore aims to provide a method and means for avoiding the impacts that occur when using the known technique described above.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide means making it possible to reduce the stresses which result from the interactions between the vertical piers or members of the support structure and the legs of the bridge, and which are generated by the components of horizontal movement of the bridge due in swell.
  • the method according to the invention is characterized in that it consists, for operation c) in letting the plungers descend under the effect of their own weight, while establishing a two-way communication and at large flow between a low pressure hydraulic fluid accumulator and a chamber in the upper part of each hydraulic cylinder above the plunger, in order to bring each plunger into contact with the receiving part of the pile or corresponding vertical member of the support structure, to then be allowed to oscillate vertically with the swell, during an observation phase, the barge, the bridge and the hydraulic cylinders relative to the plungers bearing on said corresponding receiving parts while leaving said bi communication open -directional, to then establish only unidirectional and high-speed communication from said low pressure accumulator to said ch amber in each hydraulic cylinder, in order to prevent any downward movement of the deck and of the hydraulic cylinders, but without preventing an upward movement of these and without preventing the chamber from being able to fill with hydraulic fluid if it passes under the barge of the waves whose crest has a level higher
  • the bridge can only rise to a higher level under the action of the larger waves, without driving the plungers with it, thanks to said one-way communication between the low pressure accumulators and said chambers of the hydraulic cylinders. Again, no impact can occur between the plungers and the corresponding receiving parts of the support structure, on the one hand, and between the lower end of the bridge legs and the upper ends of the piers or vertical members of the structure support. Then, at the end of the barge ballasting operation, once the weight of the bridge has been transferred to the support structure and the barge has been evacuated, the bridge is no longer subjected to the action of the swell.
  • the bridge when low flow communication is established between the chamber of each of the hydraulic cylinders and the hydraulic fluid reservoir, the bridge can be lowered slowly and smoothly until its legs come into contact with the upper part of the stacks or vertical members of the support structure, and this without the swell can produce uncontrolled impacts between the legs of the bridge and the support structure.
  • the present invention also provides a marine platform bridge comprising several vertical tubular legs intended to be assembled vertically to piers or vertical members of a support structure previously submerged, each leg of the bridge containing a hydraulic cylinder and plunger piston assembly, the cylinder of which is fixed to the leg and the plunger of which can be moved vertically with respect to the cylinder and the leg in order to be brought into abutment with a corresponding receiving part provided at the top of each stack or vertical member of the support structure, and a control and command unit for controlling the operation of the hydraulic cylinder and plunger piston assemblies contained in the legs of the bridge, characterized in that in each hydraulic cylinder, above the plunger, is formed a chamber which is filled with hydraulic fluid, and that each leg contains t furthermore a low pressure hydraulic fluid accumulator, first means that can be controlled to establish a high-speed bidirectional communication between the low pressure accumulator and said chamber of the hydraulic cylinder, second means that can be controlled to establish a one-way communication with high flow from the low pressure accumulator to said chamber and
  • the invention also provides a support structure for a marine platform, comprising several stacks or vertical members intended to be assembled and to support respectively the legs of a deck of the platform, each stack or vertical member having at its upper part a receiving part intended to receive and serve as a support for a plunger mounted movable vertically in a corresponding leg of the deck of the platform, characterized in that said receiving part has the shape of a cavity which is open towards the high and whose internal diameter is substantially larger than the external diameter of the plunger, and in that the bottom of the cavity is provided with a laminated damper assembly composed of a lower layer of an elastomeric material forming a buffer, a metal reinforcing plate and an anti-friction layer made of a material chosen to have a low coefficient of friction with l a material of the plunger, to allow limited horizontal movements of sliding between the plunger and the bottom of the cavity without contact with the side wall thereof.
  • Figures 1 and 2 are front and side elevational views showing a loaded bridge on a barge anchored between the piles of a support structure (jacket).
  • Figures 3 to 12 are schematic views showing the relative positions of a leg of the bridge and a stack or vertical member of the support structure during the successive phases of the process of the present invention.
  • Figures 13 to 15 are sectional views schematically showing, on a still larger scale, a detail of one of the hydraulic cylinder and plunger piston assemblies used in the process of the invention, these figures showing in particular a check valve pilot return and pilot valve, which are shown in their different states during the process of the invention.
  • Figure 16 is a vertical sectional view of one of the legs of the deck of the marine platform.
  • Figure 17 is a half-sectional view along line XVII-XVII of Figure 16, this figure showing a method of fixing a hydraulic cylinder to the bridge leg.
  • Figure 18 is a vertical sectional view of the upper part of a leg of the bridge, this figure showing another possible mode of attachment of the hydraulic cylinder to said leg.
  • Figure 19 is a vertical sectional view showing, on a larger scale, a receiving portion at the upper end of a stack of the support structure.
  • Figure 20 is a sectional view of the lower leg of the bridge, showing a detail.
  • FIG. 21 is a view in vertical section showing a mode of connection of the lower part of a leg of the bridge to the upper part of a stack of the support structure.
  • FIG. 22 is a view in vertical section showing another mode of connection of the lower part of a leg of the bridge to the upper part of a stack of the support structure.
  • Figure 23 is a vertical sectional view showing an embodiment of a hydraulic cylinder, plunger, low accumulator assembly pressure and auxiliary cylinder, which is housed in one leg of the bridge.
  • FIG. 24 is a half-view in vertical section of another embodiment of the hydraulic cylinder, plunger and low pressure accumulator assembly.
  • FIG. 25 is a partial view in vertical section showing a high pressure accumulator associated with the assembly of FIG. 23.
  • FIG. 26 is a diagram of the hydraulic circuits of the hydraulic assembly housed in one leg of the bridge.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 we can see the deck 1 of a marine platform, loaded on a barge 2 which has been brought into position inside a support structure 3 (jacket) in order to install the bridge 1.
  • the support structure 3 is fixed to the seabed 4 by piles 5, for example eight piles in the case shown here.
  • the method of the invention can also be implemented with a floating support structure suitably anchored to the seabed 4, for example by several lines of anchors.
  • the bridge 1 has several legs 6, for example eight legs intended to be placed on receiving parts 7 of the support structure 3.
  • the receiving parts 7, which will be described in detail below, can be formed at the upper end outside of water from the piers 5, as shown here, or at the upper end of the vertical tubular members 8 of the support structure 3 through which the piers 5 have been engaged to be driven into the seabed 4.
  • the receiving parts 7 could be formed on any other part of the support structure 3 studied to support the vertical, static and dynamic forces, brought into play during the laying operations of the bridge 1 and while the platform is in service.
  • the bridge 1 rests on the barge 2 by means of several retractable supports 9, for example eight supports.
  • These supports 9 are shown here schematically insofar as they are elements well known in this field of technology, such as sand boxes, hydraulic cylinders or retractable mechanical devices.
  • the barge 2 is oriented facing the dominant swell thanks to a judicious prior orientation of the support structure 3 and it is held in position relative to this support structure by means also well known in this field of the art.
  • the barge's swerving movements are for example limited by four flexible defenses 11.
  • the jumps are limited for example by front anchor lines 12 and by rear anchor lines 13.
  • said closable orifices comprise several piloted non-return valves 24, for example three or four valves 24, and at least one piloted valve 25 (for reasons of simplification of the drawing, a single piloted non-return valve has simply been shown. 24 and a single pilot-operated valve 25 in FIGS. 13 to 15).
  • the valves 24 receive a piloting signal controlling their opening, they establish a bidirectional communication at high flow rate between the internal cavity of the accumulator 17 and the chamber 16 of the hydraulic cylinder 15 (FIG. 14). In the absence of a pilot signal, the valves 24 establish a high-speed unidirectional communication from the interior cavity of the accumulator 17 to said chamber 16.
  • the pilot valve 25 When opened by a pilot signal, the pilot valve 25 establishes a low flow communication between chamber 16 and a hydraulic fluid tank.
  • the hydraulic fluid reservoir is shown in FIGS. 13 to 15 as being constituted by the interior cavity of the pressure accumulator 17, this hydraulic fluid reservoir is preferably constituted by a reservoir separated from said pressure accumulator and arranged by example on deck 1 of the platform as schematically indicated at 26 in figure 26.
  • the piloted non-return valves 24 and the piloted valve 25 allow the plunger 14 to work in three different modes at the will of an operator 27 acting on a control desk 28, or under control a programmable controller replacing said operator.
  • a hydraulic control is provided to control the opening of the piloted non-return valves 24 and of the piloted valve 25, although they could be electromagnetically controlled.
  • a very low power of the order of a few tens of kW, is enough to switch from one operating mode to another and to control the entire operation of laying the bridge 1 on the support structure 3.
  • the power hydraulic necessary for this purpose can come from a hydraulic unit 29 installed on deck 1.
  • a single control panel 28 and a single hydraulic unit 29 may be sufficient for all the hydraulic cylinder and plunger 14, 15 installed in the legs 6 from deck 1.
  • auxiliary cylinder 31 (FIG. 23) can be provided above the chamber 16.
  • the auxiliary cylinder 31 which is not essential for the implementation of the method of the invention , has several functions.
  • a first function of this auxiliary cylinder 31 is to allow the plunger 14 to be held in the high position during transport of the deck 1 (this function could also be fulfilled by a fusible mechanical connection, for example with fusible bolts or by a retractable stop) .
  • a second function of the auxiliary cylinder 31 is to allow braking of the plunger 14 during its descent (this function could also be fulfilled by a mechanical friction braking system).
  • a third function of the auxiliary cylinder 31 is to allow the plunger 14 to be raised if necessary (for example in the event of reversal of the bridge fitting process or to allow the plunger 14 to re-enter the hydraulic cylinder 15 at the end installation process).
  • the three working modes of the plunger 14 are as follows. In the description which follows, the words “descent” and “rise” of the plunger 14 are understood to be in relative movement with respect to the cylinder 15.
  • the plunger 14 In the first mode (mode 1), the plunger 14 is free to descend into the cylinder 15 under the effect of its own weight, the weight of the oil in the chamber 16 and the low pressure of the oil in the accumulator 17. The plunger 14 is also free to go up when an upward vertical external force, greater than the sum of the above-mentioned forces, is applied to it.
  • This operating mode is obtained by controlling the non-return valves 24 so as to keep them open (high-speed bidirectional communication between the accumulator 17 and the chamber 16) and by keeping the pilot-operated valve 25 closed.
  • This operating mode corresponds in Figures 5, 6, 7 and 14.
  • the plunger 14 In the second mode (mode 2) the plunger 14 is free to descend into the cylinder 15, but it cannot rise. In this mode also, if the plunger 14 is fixed, for example because it is in abutment on the receiving part 7 of the corresponding stack 5 of the support structure 3, the cylinder 15 and the leg 6 to which it is fixed are free to mount relative to the plunger 14, but they can not descend.
  • This operating mode is obtained by allowing the valves 24 to function as non-return valves allowing the entry of oil into the chamber 16 coming from the accumulator 17, but preventing the oil from leaving said chamber 16 (unidirectional high flow communication from the pressure accumulator 17 to the chamber 16) and keeping the piloted valve 25 closed.
  • This operating mode corresponds to Figures 8 to 11 and 13.
  • the plunger In the third mode (mode 3), the plunger is assumed to be fixed, being supported on the receiving part 7 of the corresponding stack 5 of the support structure 3.
  • the cylinder 15 and the leg 6 to which it is fixed can descend from slow and controlled manner by sliding on the plunger 14. This lowering movement is allowed by opening the piloted valve 25.
  • the valves 24 In this operating mode, the valves 24 are kept closed by the oil pressure which prevails in the chamber 16 and which is higher than that prevailing in the accumulator 17.
  • This operating mode corresponds to FIGS. 12 and 15.
  • the plunger 14 In addition to these three operating modes, the plunger 14 must be able to be kept in the high retracted position during the transport of the deck 1 and at the start of the fitting process. As indicated above, this can for example be obtained using the auxiliary jack 31.
  • FIGS. 13 to 15 also show a pressure sensor 32, which is mounted in the wall 21 and which makes it possible to measure and monitor the pressure prevailing in the chamber 16 of the hydraulic cylinder 15.
  • the output signal from the pressure sensor 32 is sent by an appropriate line to a command control unit contained in console 28.
  • the barge 2 is kept in the position for laying the bridge inside the support structure 3. All the plungers 14 are kept in the high position inside the cylinders 15. The barge 2 is then ballasted to reduce the height of fall of the plungers 14.
  • the barge 2 is subjected to the action of the swell represented schematically by the arrows F1 and F2 in FIGS. 3 and 4. The movements of the barge 2 due to the swell are limited by the damping devices 11 and the anchor lines 12 and 13 mentioned above.
  • Swell measurement buoys (not shown), placed in known manner at a certain distance from the support structure 3, give the operator 27 information on the nature of the swell trains arriving on the support structure 3, namely the wave height and their period.
  • Measuring devices placed on each assembly 14, 15, 17 provide the operator 27, in real time, all the data relating to the movements of the bridge 1.
  • Proximity detectors can also be used for the same purpose.
  • the operator 27 then triggers the descent of the eight plungers 14 by operating them in mode 1 and by freely letting the piston rod out of the auxiliary cylinders 31.
  • the plungers 14 remain in this position.
  • the cylinders 15 fixed to the legs 6 of the bridge 1 perform a vertical back-and-forth movement by sliding on the plungers 14.
  • the horizontal movements of the barge 2 create horizontal movements of the lower ends of the plungers 14, which slide on the receiving parts 7 of the support structure 3.
  • This sliding can be facilitated by suitable materials, with a low coefficient of friction, covering the receiving parts 7 of the support structure 3 and / or the lower end of the plungers 14, as will be described later.
  • suitable materials can for example be stainless steel sliding on "Teflon” (registered trademark).
  • Teflon registered trademark
  • the outside diameter of the lower end of the plungers 14 and the inside diameter of the receiving parts 7 of the support structure 3 must be compatible with these horizontal sliding movements, so that the aforementioned elements 7 and 14 never come into abutment in the horizontal direction.
  • the pitching of the barge 2 causes a variable inclination of the bridge 1 and, consequently, of the legs 6 of the bridge and of the pistons 14 which are inside.
  • This inclination of the pistons 14 could be the cause of poor support of their lower end on the receiving parts 7 of the support structure 3.
  • This problem can be solved by providing a hinged support head at the lower end of each plunger 14, as will be described later.
  • the plungers 14 can be raised by means of the auxiliary cylinders 31, and the barge 2 can therefore still be evacuated if this is made necessary by poor sea conditions.
  • This phase consists in immobilizing the deck 1 relative to the support structure 3 by acting simultaneously on all the hydraulic cylinder and plunger 14 assemblies. This is done by switching the operating mode of the plungers 14 from mode 1 to mode 2 by deactivating the control of the valves 24 so that they function only as non-return valves.
  • the operator 27 will trigger this operation at the most favorable moment, that is to say at the moment which will induce on the one hand the least inertia forces in the entire deck 1 - barge 2 - support structure 3 system. and, on the other hand, when the deck 1 is as high as possible so that the valves 24 have the least possible to operate. It is however important to note that if the two conditions above allow the hydraulic system to operate under ideal conditions, it is not essential that they are scrupulously respected. In other words, the system can be studied so that the blocking of the cylinder and piston assemblies 14, 15 can be done at any time or at least within a range of acceptable limit conditions.
  • the operator 27 To trigger the blocking of the cylinder and piston assemblies 14, 15 at the right time, the operator 27 must take into account the reaction time of the valves 24 and their orders.
  • the triggering of the blocking of the cylinder and piston assemblies 14, 15 can also be controlled directly by a programmable controller which can be provided to manage all the data of the system.
  • FIG. 8 represents the cylinder and piston assembly 14, 15 blocked during the passage of a crest of swell.
  • a wave swell passes under the barge 2 (FIG. 9), it does not move any more, because it remains pressed under the deck 1 which has become fixed relative to the support structure 3. Part of the weight of the deck 1 is then supported by the support structure 3.
  • Figure 13 shows that if a ridge of swell higher than the previous ones passes under the barge 2, this lifts the bridge 1, but the latter cannot descend again.
  • the valves 24 open and the chamber 16 is filled with an additional quantity of oil from the accumulator 17.
  • the plungers 14 remain in support on the receiving parts 7 of the support structure 3.
  • the valves 24 close automatically and the additional quantity of oil which entered chamber 16 remains trapped in the latter. Consequently, the cylinder 15 cannot descend and the barge 2 - deck 1 - assembly remains in the raised position when the next wave cavity arrives under the barge 2.
  • each plunger piston 14 After the passage of some exceptionally high swell peaks, each plunger piston 14 will therefore be in a position of maximum extension almost identical for all the pistons 14. Consequently, the bridge 1 will itself be in the maximum high position and almost horizontal. Bridge 1 will therefore no longer move under the effect of the swell, with the exception of movements due to the elasticity of the deck 1 - barge 2 - support structure 3 assembly.
  • shock absorbers can be arranged. As required, one or more of the above mentioned shock absorbers will be used.
  • the flexibility of the deck 1 and the barge 2 will also contribute to reducing the vertical forces mentioned above.
  • the vertical forces in each cylinder and piston assembly 14, 15 can reach, during of this third phase, values between 1,000 and 2,000 tonnes.
  • the oil pressure in chamber 16 can reach values of the order of 400 bar.
  • the junctions between the supports 9 and the bridge 1, on the one hand, and between the plungers 14 and the receiving parts 7, on the other hand, are solicited in turn.
  • These stresses are dynamic and can therefore be reduced by shock absorbers made of elastomeric material arranged judiciously.
  • the junction between the plungers 14 and the receiving parts 7 of the support structure 3 is preferably made so that their surfaces in contact with each other have a low coefficient of friction.
  • this phase it involves transferring the entire weight of the deck 1 from the barge 2 to the support structure 3, and then removing the barge 2. This operation is carried out by ballasting the barge 2, as is known in this field of the art.
  • Ballasting can be checked by measuring the forces in the cylinder and piston assemblies 14, 15, either using strain gauges or by measuring the oil pressure in the chambers 16, for example by means of the pressure sensors 32.
  • a centering cone 37 fixed to the lower end of each leg 6 will allow the legs 6 of the bridge to automatically refocus relative to the receiving parts 7 of the support structure 3.
  • the lower part of each leg 6 of the bridge can then be rigidly fixed to the corresponding receiving part 7 of the support structure 3, for example by a welded joint 38 as shown in FIG. 21.
  • a steel washer 39 can be arranged between the contact surfaces between each leg 6 of the bridge and the corresponding receiving part 7 of the support structure as shown in Figure 22. This allows to accept an eccentricity between the elements 6 and 7.
  • the washer 39 can be fixed to the receiving part 7 by a welded joint 41, while the leg 6 can be fixed to the washer 39 by another welded joint 42.
  • the assemblies formed by the elements 14, 15 and 17 can be removed from the legs 6 of the deck 1 as we will see it later.
  • the life of the platform has ended, it must be dismantled. If the bridge has been installed using the device of the present invention, it can also be removed from the support structure 3 using the same device. The different phases of the bridge removal process are the same as those used for the bridge installation, except that they take place in reverse order and in reverse.
  • Figure 16 shows, in vertical section, a first embodiment of said assembly.
  • a cylindrical body 43 the length of which is approximately equal to that of the leg 6 of the deck 1 and which comprises three parts: a lower part, which forms the hydraulic cylinder 15 and which contains the plunger 14, a middle part, which forms the envelope of the accumulator 17, and an upper part 44 which is used mainly for handling the body 43.
  • a lifting lug 45 is fixed to the top of the body 43. This lug 45 makes it possible to attach the body 43 to the hook of a machine lifting, such as a crane, to allow the installation of the body 43 inside the leg 6 before the operations of laying the bridge 1, but also to allow the removal of the body 43 once the installation of the bridge finished.
  • the body 43 and the functional elements it contains are thus reusable for a new bridge-laying operation similar to that described above.
  • a cavity 46 can be provided at the top of the body 43. This cavity 46 is the ideal place to place a gyro-accelerator 47 which will give the operator 27 all the necessary information concerning the movements of the bridge 1. This gyro-accelerator 47 is directly connected to the control and command unit contained in the control console 28.
  • a protective plate 48 which can bear on the top of the leg 6 in order to take up part of the weight of the body 43 and of the elements it contains.
  • the body 43 is detachably fixed to the leg 6 by a link 49 (also shown in horizontal section in FIG. 17), of the type with blocking by thirds of a turn around the vertical axis of the body 43.
  • a blocking with a different angle of rotation is of course also conceivable.
  • This type of connection makes it possible to absorb significant vertical forces upwards and downwards.
  • FIG. 18 shows another possible method of fixing the body 43 to the leg 6 of the bridge.
  • the leg 6 is extended upwards by a part 6a, which projects above the bridge 1 and in which several openings 51 are formed.
  • the body 43 has an enlarged cylindrical part 52 which fits sliding inside the extension 6a of the leg 6.
  • the enlarged cylindrical part 52 of the body 43 is fixed to the extension 6a of the leg 6 by weld seams 53 formed in each of the openings 51.
  • the total section of the weld seams must of course be sufficient to absorb the vertical forces generated during the laying of the bridge 1.
  • centering shims 54 at least three in number, which are integral with the leg 6 and which maintain the lower part of the body 43 (hydraulic cylinder 15) in the centered position inside the leg 6.
  • the centering shims 54 can of course be replaced by a centering ring.
  • the body 43 comprises two internal horizontal partitions, namely the partition 21, already mentioned, and the partition 55.
  • the partitions 21 and 55 respectively delimit downward and upward the interior cavity of the low pressure accumulator 17.
  • the partition 21 delimits upwards the chamber 16 of the hydraulic cylinder 15, which contains the plunger 14 and, above the latter, a certain volume of oil.
  • the partition 21 must have a sufficient thickness to be able to withstand the high oil pressures which are established in the chamber 16, as indicated above, during the process of laying the deck 1.
  • the piloted non-return valves 24, the piloted valve 25 and the pressure 32 are mounted in the partition 21 ( Figures 13 to 15).
  • the oil supply lines under pressure for controlling the non-return valves 24 and the valve 25 and the conductors transmitting the output signal from the pressure sensor 32 are arranged in a sheath or conduit 56 which passes into the cavity interior of the accumulator 17, passes through the partition 55, passes into the chamber 57 situated above the partition 55 in the upper part 44 of the body 43, and passes through the top of the body 43 to reach the hydraulic unit 29 and the control panel 28.
  • centering cone 37 which is fixed to the lower end of the leg 6 and which serves to center the latter relative to the corresponding receiving part 7 of the support structure 3 at time of docking at the end of the lowering operation of deck 1 (fifth phase described above).
  • a part or support head 58 the lower face of which is flat and the upper face of which has the shape of a spherical, concave or convex cap, matching the complementary shape, convex or concave, from the lower end of the plunger 14.
  • This support head 58 makes it possible to maintain good support between the plunger 14 and the receiving part 7 of the support structure when, during the operations of laying the bridge 1, the leg 6 inclines relative to the vertical because of the movements due to the swell.
  • the spherical surfaces, concave and convex, mutually in contact can slide one on the other, but cannot separate as will be seen in an exemplary embodiment described below.
  • the receiving part 7 at the upper end of each stack 5 or of each vertical member 8 of the support structure 3 is in the form of a cavity which is open upwards and whose internal diameter is substantially larger than the external diameter of the plunger 14.
  • the bottom of the cavity is consisting of a support plate 59 which forms an axial stop for the plunger 14.
  • the support plate 59 is stiffened below by gussets 61 arranged in a cross. The support plate 59 and the gussets 61 are welded to each other and to the tube 62 constituting the stack 5 or the vertical tubular member 8 of the support structure.
  • the support plate 59 forming the bottom of the cavity of the receiving part 7 is provided, on its upper face, with a laminated damper assembly 63 composed of a lower layer 64 of an elastomeric material, which forms a pad capable of working in compression and in shear, of a metal reinforcing plate 65 and of an anti-friction layer 66 of a material chosen to have a low coefficient of friction with the material of the plunger 14 or of the head d 'support 58.
  • the layer 66 may for example be "Teflon".
  • the internal diameter of the tube 62 and the material constituting the layer 66 are chosen taking into account the horizontal forces generated during the process of fitting the bridge 1, so as to allow limited horizontal sliding movements between the plunger 14 and the plate d support 59, without, however, the plunger 14 being able to come into contact with the wall of the tube 62.
  • FIG. 20 shows a device intended to protect the hydraulic cylinder and plunger 14 assembly, 15 during the transport of the deck 1 at sea.
  • This device consists of a cover 67 fixed to the centering cone 37 by bolts. This cover 67 can also serve as a safety stop for the piston plunger 14 during transport. It is removed once barge 2 has arrived at the installation site of deck 1.
  • the lower end of the tube 68 is fixed to the upper end of the hydraulic cylinder 15 by bolts and the upper end of the tube 68 is closed by a cover 69.
  • the tube 71 is intended to transmit the forces exerted to the leg 6 on the hydraulic cylinder 15 during the operations of laying the bridge 1.
  • the tube 71 has a length substantially equal to that of the leg 6. It is held in a centered position inside the leg 6 by the shims 54.
  • the connection between the tube 71 and the leg 6 may be of the same type as the connection 49 shown in FIGS. 16 and 17 or of the same type as the connection shown in FIG. 18.
  • FIG 23 there is also shown the auxiliary cylinder 31 which allows the handling of the piston plunger 14.
  • the cylinder 72 of the auxiliary cylinder 31 is disposed inside the low pressure accumulator 17, coaxially with the tube 68, and it is fixed in leaktight manner to the wall 21 forming the bottom of the hydraulic cylinder 15.
  • the rod piston 73 of the auxiliary cylinder 31 passes through a hole 74 formed in the center of the wall 21 and it enters the chamber 16 of the hydraulic cylinder 15 where it is fixed to the upper end of the plunger 14 by a clamping device 75 ensuring an axial connection between the elements 14 and 73, but allowing the other degrees of freedom necessary for the proper functioning of the plunger 14 and the auxiliary cylinder 31.
  • the clamping device 75 can also be located at the lower end of the plunger 14, in the case where a hollow plunger without bottom is used at its upper part.
  • the auxiliary cylinder 31 is shown here in the form of a double-acting cylinder, but this is not an absolute necessity, because the essential functions of the auxiliary cylinder 31 are, as we have already seen above, to allow successively maintaining the plunger 14 in the high position, braking the plunger 14 during its descent and possibly the ascent of the plunger 14 if necessary.
  • the auxiliary cylinder 31 could therefore be constituted by a single-acting cylinder.
  • the auxiliary cylinder 31 can be controlled by the hydraulic unit 29 via an appropriate hydraulic fluid distributor and / or controllable calibrated valves (not shown) allowing the auxiliary cylinder 31 to fulfill the above functions and in particular allowing the piston rod 73 to follow the movement of the plunger 14 when the latter is driven downwards by its own weight and by the pressure of the oil coming from the accumulator low pressure 17, or upwards by the reaction of the support structure.
  • the set of lines 76 groups together the oil supply pipes 77 for the auxiliary cylinder 31, the conductors 78 transmitting the output signal from the pressure sensor 32 to the control console 28 and the pipe (s) d oil supply 79 for controlling the non-return valves 24.
  • the pressure sensor 32 could be placed at a distance from the partition 21, for example on the cover 69 or in the control console 28.
  • the conductors 78 are replaced by an oil pressure measurement pipe which is connected to the orifice 81 of the partition 21.
  • the pipe 82 is connected to the piloted valve or valves 25 and it serves to evacuate the oil under pressure from the chamber 16 towards the reservoir 26 provided in the hydraulic unit 29.
  • the two pipes 83 are oil supply pipes allowing the piloting of the piloted valve or valves 25.
  • the pipe 84 serves for the return of the oil in the low accumulator pressure 17.
  • the hose 85 is used for inflating the low pressure accumulator 17 with a gas or a gaseous mixture such as air or nitrogen.
  • the hydraulic unit 29 which supplies the hydraulic power necessary for the operation of the elements described above, can be arranged just above the cover 69.
  • FIG. 23 also shows the support head 58 by which the plunger 14 can rest, in an articulated manner, on the support plate 59 (FIGS. 16 and 19) of the corresponding receiving part 7 of the support structure 3.
  • the support head 58 comprises an upper support plate 86, which is fixed for example by bolts to the lower end of the plunger 14 and which has a concave lower face in the form of a spherical cap; a lower support plate 87, the lower face of which is flat and the upper face of which is concave, in the form of a spherical cap; and an intermediate part 88, in the form of a bi-convex lens, the upper and lower faces of which conform to the concave faces of the plates 86 and 87.
  • the plate 87 is linked to the plate 86 by a system of bolts allowing relative sliding between the plate 86 and the intermediate part 88 and between the latter and the plate 87.
  • a sleeve 89 made of an elastomeric material is fixed to the plates 86 and 87 in their peripheral region. This sleeve 89 provides protection against the ingress of dirt or moisture between the plates 86 and 87.
  • the concave faces of the plates 86 and 87 or the convex faces of the intermediate piece 88 may be coated with a layer of anti-friction material, for example "Teflon".
  • the support plate 87 can be made of stainless steel if the damper device 63 (FIG. 19) is provided on the support plate 59.
  • the support plate 59 does not include any damping device such as the device 63, the underside of the plate 87 can be filled with a layer of "Teflon".
  • FIG. 24 shows another embodiment, which is similar to that of FIG. 23, but which differs from it by the fact that the auxiliary jack 31 is omitted.
  • the functions of the jack 31 can be filled by the hydraulic cylinder and plunger 14 assembly itself, which is produced in a slightly different manner from that described above. More precisely, the plunger 14 is produced in the form of a stepped piston in order to create a chamber 91 below its wide part 14a, between this part 14a and an end wall 15a of the hydraulic cylinder 15 which is crossed by the narrow part 14b of the piston 14. In this case, at least one suitable gasket 92 must be provided to prevent oil leaks between the end wall 15a and the narrow part 14b of the piston 14.
  • a pipe 93 connected to the cylinder 15 and communicating with the chamber 91 makes it possible either to evacuate the oil contained in the chamber 91 towards the hydraulic fluid reservoir 26 (FIG. 16) or to supply the chamber 91 with pressurized oil to raise the piston 14 in cylinder 15.
  • FIG. 25 a high pressure accumulator 34 is shown, which is disposed inside the low pressure accumulator 17 and which communicates with the chamber 16 of the cylinder 15 through an orifice 94.
  • FIG. 25 does not show than a single accumulator 34, there may be a larger number, arranged in a similar manner to that shown here.
  • the pressure accumulator or accumulators 34 make it possible to absorb the overpressures liable to be generated during the process of fitting the bridge 1, in particular during the third phase described above.
  • FIG. 26 represents a diagram of the hydraulic circuits of the system of the present invention. We find in this diagram all the elements which have already been described with reference to FIGS. 13 to 15, 23 and 25. It is therefore not considered useful to describe these elements again.
  • the pilot operated non-return valves 24 are shown in number of four for information only.
  • the high pressure accumulators 34 are three represented also for information.
  • the piloted valve 25 is represented in the form of a distributor with two orifices and two positions, which can be piloted on both sides by a piloting pressure applied by one or the other of the two pipes 83. It is quite obvious that the distributor 25 can be controlled by pressure on one side and returned by spring on the other side. For example, the distributor 25 can be held in its closed position by a spring, and it can be switched into its open position by pressure control.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)
  • Ship Loading And Unloading (AREA)
  • Revetment (AREA)
  • Vibration Prevention Devices (AREA)
  • Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)
EP94402388A 1993-10-29 1994-10-24 Procédé pour installer le pont d'une plate-forme marine sur une structure support en mer Expired - Lifetime EP0654564B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SG1995000246A SG34968A1 (en) 1994-10-24 1994-10-24 A method of installing the deck of an offshore platform on a support structure at sea

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9312926 1993-10-29
FR9312926A FR2711687B1 (fr) 1993-10-29 1993-10-29 Procédé pour installer le pont d'une plate-forme marine sur une structure support en mer.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0654564A1 EP0654564A1 (fr) 1995-05-24
EP0654564B1 true EP0654564B1 (fr) 1997-10-08

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94402388A Expired - Lifetime EP0654564B1 (fr) 1993-10-29 1994-10-24 Procédé pour installer le pont d'une plate-forme marine sur une structure support en mer

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (1) US5522680A (zh)
EP (1) EP0654564B1 (zh)
JP (1) JPH07189236A (zh)
KR (1) KR950011773A (zh)
CN (1) CN1038864C (zh)
BR (1) BR9404274A (zh)
DE (1) DE69406087T2 (zh)
DK (1) DK0654564T3 (zh)
ES (1) ES2109638T3 (zh)
FR (1) FR2711687B1 (zh)
NO (1) NO944125L (zh)

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CN109300353B (zh) * 2016-10-18 2021-07-27 浙江海洋大学 模拟海上作业工况的海洋工程试验平台装置
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN1038864C (zh) 1998-06-24
KR950011773A (ko) 1995-05-16
BR9404274A (pt) 1995-07-04
CN1109431A (zh) 1995-10-04
DK0654564T3 (da) 1998-05-25
FR2711687B1 (fr) 1995-12-29
NO944125L (no) 1995-05-02
DE69406087T2 (de) 1998-03-26
JPH07189236A (ja) 1995-07-28
NO944125D0 (no) 1994-10-28
ES2109638T3 (es) 1998-01-16
US5522680A (en) 1996-06-04
FR2711687A1 (fr) 1995-05-05
EP0654564A1 (fr) 1995-05-24
DE69406087D1 (de) 1997-11-13

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