EP0632302A1 - Abbildende Vorrichtung - Google Patents

Abbildende Vorrichtung Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0632302A1
EP0632302A1 EP94109958A EP94109958A EP0632302A1 EP 0632302 A1 EP0632302 A1 EP 0632302A1 EP 94109958 A EP94109958 A EP 94109958A EP 94109958 A EP94109958 A EP 94109958A EP 0632302 A1 EP0632302 A1 EP 0632302A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
light beam
scanning direction
time
straight starting
plural
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP94109958A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0632302B1 (de
Inventor
Hiroyuki C/O Konica Corporation Yamamoto
Toshihiro C/O Konica Corporation Motoi
Kouichi C/O Konica Corporation Takaki
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Konica Minolta Inc
Original Assignee
Konica Minolta Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=15694521&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP0632302(A1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Konica Minolta Inc filed Critical Konica Minolta Inc
Publication of EP0632302A1 publication Critical patent/EP0632302A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0632302B1 publication Critical patent/EP0632302B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N1/00—Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof
    • H04N1/04—Scanning arrangements, i.e. arrangements for the displacement of active reading or reproducing elements relative to the original or reproducing medium, or vice versa
    • H04N1/19—Scanning arrangements, i.e. arrangements for the displacement of active reading or reproducing elements relative to the original or reproducing medium, or vice versa using multi-element arrays
    • H04N1/191—Scanning arrangements, i.e. arrangements for the displacement of active reading or reproducing elements relative to the original or reproducing medium, or vice versa using multi-element arrays the array comprising a one-dimensional array, or a combination of one-dimensional arrays, or a substantially one-dimensional array, e.g. an array of staggered elements
    • H04N1/1911—Simultaneously or substantially simultaneously scanning picture elements on more than one main scanning line, e.g. scanning in swaths
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/0025—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for optical correction, e.g. distorsion, aberration
    • G02B27/0031—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for optical correction, e.g. distorsion, aberration for scanning purposes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K15/00—Arrangements for producing a permanent visual presentation of the output data, e.g. computer output printers
    • G06K15/02—Arrangements for producing a permanent visual presentation of the output data, e.g. computer output printers using printers
    • G06K15/12—Arrangements for producing a permanent visual presentation of the output data, e.g. computer output printers using printers by photographic printing, e.g. by laser printers
    • G06K15/1238—Arrangements for producing a permanent visual presentation of the output data, e.g. computer output printers using printers by photographic printing, e.g. by laser printers simultaneously exposing more than one point
    • G06K15/1257—Arrangements for producing a permanent visual presentation of the output data, e.g. computer output printers using printers by photographic printing, e.g. by laser printers simultaneously exposing more than one point on more than one main scanning line
    • G06K15/1261—Arrangements for producing a permanent visual presentation of the output data, e.g. computer output printers using printers by photographic printing, e.g. by laser printers simultaneously exposing more than one point on more than one main scanning line using an array of light sources
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N1/00—Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof
    • H04N1/04—Scanning arrangements, i.e. arrangements for the displacement of active reading or reproducing elements relative to the original or reproducing medium, or vice versa
    • H04N1/047—Detection, control or error compensation of scanning velocity or position
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N1/00—Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof
    • H04N1/04—Scanning arrangements, i.e. arrangements for the displacement of active reading or reproducing elements relative to the original or reproducing medium, or vice versa
    • H04N1/113—Scanning arrangements, i.e. arrangements for the displacement of active reading or reproducing elements relative to the original or reproducing medium, or vice versa using oscillating or rotating mirrors
    • H04N1/1135—Scanning arrangements, i.e. arrangements for the displacement of active reading or reproducing elements relative to the original or reproducing medium, or vice versa using oscillating or rotating mirrors for the main-scan only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N1/00—Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof
    • H04N1/04—Scanning arrangements, i.e. arrangements for the displacement of active reading or reproducing elements relative to the original or reproducing medium, or vice versa
    • H04N1/12—Scanning arrangements, i.e. arrangements for the displacement of active reading or reproducing elements relative to the original or reproducing medium, or vice versa using the sheet-feed movement or the medium-advance or the drum-rotation movement as the slow scanning component, e.g. arrangements for the main-scanning
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, and to details thereof
    • H04N2201/024—Indexing scheme relating to scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, and to details thereof deleted
    • H04N2201/02406—Arrangements for positioning elements within a head
    • H04N2201/02439—Positioning method
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, and to details thereof
    • H04N2201/024—Indexing scheme relating to scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, and to details thereof deleted
    • H04N2201/028—Indexing scheme relating to scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, and to details thereof deleted for picture information pick-up
    • H04N2201/03—Indexing scheme relating to scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, and to details thereof deleted for picture information pick-up deleted
    • H04N2201/031—Indexing scheme relating to scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, and to details thereof deleted for picture information pick-up deleted deleted
    • H04N2201/03104—Integral pick-up heads, i.e. self-contained heads whose basic elements are a light source, a lens and a photodetector supported by a single-piece frame
    • H04N2201/03108—Components of integral heads
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, and to details thereof
    • H04N2201/04—Scanning arrangements
    • H04N2201/047—Detection, control or error compensation of scanning velocity or position
    • H04N2201/04701—Detection of scanning velocity or position
    • H04N2201/0471—Detection of scanning velocity or position using dedicated detectors
    • H04N2201/04712—Detection of scanning velocity or position using dedicated detectors using unbroken arrays of detectors, i.e. detectors mounted on the same substrate
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, and to details thereof
    • H04N2201/04—Scanning arrangements
    • H04N2201/047—Detection, control or error compensation of scanning velocity or position
    • H04N2201/04701—Detection of scanning velocity or position
    • H04N2201/04729—Detection of scanning velocity or position in the main-scan direction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, and to details thereof
    • H04N2201/04—Scanning arrangements
    • H04N2201/047—Detection, control or error compensation of scanning velocity or position
    • H04N2201/04701—Detection of scanning velocity or position
    • H04N2201/04731—Detection of scanning velocity or position in the sub-scan direction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, and to details thereof
    • H04N2201/04—Scanning arrangements
    • H04N2201/047—Detection, control or error compensation of scanning velocity or position
    • H04N2201/04701—Detection of scanning velocity or position
    • H04N2201/04732—Detecting at infrequent intervals, e.g. once or twice per line for main-scan control
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, and to details thereof
    • H04N2201/04—Scanning arrangements
    • H04N2201/047—Detection, control or error compensation of scanning velocity or position
    • H04N2201/04701—Detection of scanning velocity or position
    • H04N2201/04734—Detecting at frequent intervals, e.g. once per line for sub-scan control
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, and to details thereof
    • H04N2201/04—Scanning arrangements
    • H04N2201/047—Detection, control or error compensation of scanning velocity or position
    • H04N2201/04701—Detection of scanning velocity or position
    • H04N2201/04744—Detection of scanning velocity or position by detecting the scanned beam or a reference beam
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, and to details thereof
    • H04N2201/04—Scanning arrangements
    • H04N2201/047—Detection, control or error compensation of scanning velocity or position
    • H04N2201/04701—Detection of scanning velocity or position
    • H04N2201/04749—Detecting position relative to a gradient, e.g. using triangular-shaped masks, marks or gratings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, and to details thereof
    • H04N2201/04—Scanning arrangements
    • H04N2201/047—Detection, control or error compensation of scanning velocity or position
    • H04N2201/04753—Control or error compensation of scanning position or velocity
    • H04N2201/04756—Control or error compensation of scanning position or velocity by controlling the position or movement of the sheet, the sheet support or the photoconductive surface
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, and to details thereof
    • H04N2201/04—Scanning arrangements
    • H04N2201/047—Detection, control or error compensation of scanning velocity or position
    • H04N2201/04753—Control or error compensation of scanning position or velocity
    • H04N2201/04758—Control or error compensation of scanning position or velocity by controlling the position of the scanned image area
    • H04N2201/04767—Control or error compensation of scanning position or velocity by controlling the position of the scanned image area by controlling the timing of the signals, e.g. by controlling the frequency o phase of the pixel clock
    • H04N2201/04781—Controlling the phase of the signals
    • H04N2201/04784—Controlling the phase of the signals using one or more clock signals selected from a number of clock signals of different phases
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, and to details thereof
    • H04N2201/04—Scanning arrangements
    • H04N2201/047—Detection, control or error compensation of scanning velocity or position
    • H04N2201/04753—Control or error compensation of scanning position or velocity
    • H04N2201/04789—Control or error compensation of scanning position or velocity in the main-scan direction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, and to details thereof
    • H04N2201/04—Scanning arrangements
    • H04N2201/047—Detection, control or error compensation of scanning velocity or position
    • H04N2201/04753—Control or error compensation of scanning position or velocity
    • H04N2201/04791—Control or error compensation of scanning position or velocity in the sub-scan direction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, and to details thereof
    • H04N2201/04—Scanning arrangements
    • H04N2201/047—Detection, control or error compensation of scanning velocity or position
    • H04N2201/04753—Control or error compensation of scanning position or velocity
    • H04N2201/04794—Varying the control or compensation during the scan, e.g. using continuous feedback or from line to line

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an image forming apparatus, and, in more detail, relates to an image forming apparatus in which a plurality of beams of light simultaneously scan a recording medium in a direction parallel to the primary scanning direction so that a plurality of lines are simultaneously recorded. (To differentiate deviation of beams of light from deviation of times, deviation of beams of light will be defined as slippage in this specification.) Particularly, the present invention relates to technology to detect slippages (as defined above) of the optical axis of the plurality of beams of light.
  • the image forming apparatus In an image forming apparatus in which laser beams (beams of light), modulated according to an image signal, are reflected by a rotational polygonal mirror, and caused to scan a recording medium so that image information is recorded, the following has been widely known: the image forming apparatus is structured in the manner that a plurality of laser beams are used and a plurality of lines are simultaneously recorded, in order to increase the recording speed (refer to Japanese Patent Publication Open to Public Inspection No. 188713/1992).
  • an object of the present invention is to measure slippages of the optical axis of laser beams, particularly, in the secondary scanning direction by a simple structure, in an image forming apparatus which is structured in the manner that a plurality of laser beams is used for recording the image, and further to provide an appropriate apparatus to detect slippages of the optical axis in the secondary scanning direction and slippages of the optical axis in the primary scanning direction.
  • the image forming apparatus causes a plurality of laser beams to simultaneously scan the recording medium in the direction parallel to the primary scanning direction for simultaneously recording a plurality of lines.
  • the image forming apparatus comprises: two light beam detection means which are arranged in the primary scanning direction so that an end of the front of the primary scanning direction of each light beam detection area is not in parallel with each other; a first time difference measuring means, in which only one light beam of a plurality of light beams respectively scans/enters two light beam detection means, and the difference of time in which the light beam is detected, is measured by two light beam detection means; a second time difference measuring means, in which only another light beam, different from the light beam used for scanning in the first time difference measuring means, respectively scans/enters two light beam detection means, and the difference of time, in which the light beam is detected, is measured by two light beam detection means; a time deviation calculation means in which deviations between time differences, which are respectively measured by the first and second time difference measuring means, are calculated; and a secondary scanning
  • the image forming apparatus is structured in the manner that: a plurality of light beams simultaneously scan the recording medium in the direction parallel to the primary scanning direction so that a plurality of lines are simultaneously recorded; at least three light beam detection means are arranged in the primary scanning direction; and ends of the front of the primary scanning direction of the light beam detection areas of the light beam detection means are combined in two ways so that some of those ends are not parallel, and the other ends are parallel with each other.
  • the image forming apparatus structured as above, since two light beam detection means are arranged in the primary scanning direction so that ends of the front of the primary scanning direction of the light beam detection areas are not parallel with each other, the distance between ends is changed along the secondary scanning direction perpendicular to the primary scanning direction.
  • the time interval of rise of the light beam detected by each light beam detection means is changed corresponding to the scanning position in the secondary scanning direction.
  • the difference between time intervals of light beams expresses a value correlated to the interval of each light beam in the secondary scanning direction, and the change of the difference between the time intervals shows the slippage of the optical axis in the secondary scanning direction (the change of intervals of light beams in the secondary scanning direction).
  • At least three light beam detection means are provided so that: a combination of the light beam detection means is provided in which ends of the front of the primary scanning direction in the light beam detection area are not parallel with each other; and also a combination of the light beam detection means is provided in which ends of the front of the primary scanning direction are parallel with each other, so as to apply to the measurement of the intervals of light beams in the secondary scanning direction as described above.
  • the slippage of the scanning position in the secondary scanning direction does not influence the time interval in which the light beam is detected by each light beam detection means, and the positional relationship in the primary scanning direction can be independently used for the detection of a slippage in the primary scanning direction in a plurality of light beams.
  • Fig. 1 is a perspective view showing an image exposure system of an example of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a view showing the detail of an index sensor.
  • Fig. 3 is a flow chart showing the optical axis slippage detection in the primary and secondary scanning direction.
  • Fig. 4 is a view to explain slippage detection in the secondary scanning direction.
  • Fig. 5 is a view to explain the characteristics of slippage detection in the secondary scanning direction.
  • Fig. 6 is a time chart to explain the time measurement using a clock.
  • Fig. 7 is a block diagram showing the optical axis adjustment according to the result of the slippage detection.
  • Fig. 8 is a block diagram showing the circuit composition in which the optical axis slippage detection in the secondary scanning direction is carried out.
  • Fig. 9 is a view to explain the characteristics of the slippage detection in the primary scanning direction.
  • Fig. 10 is a view showing another example of sensor construction.
  • Fig. 11 is a view showing still another example of sensor construction.
  • Fig. 12 is a view showing one more example of sensor construction.
  • Fig. 13 is a view showing a further example of sensor construction.
  • Fig. 14 is a view showing the sensor construction having three sensors.
  • Fig. 15 is a view showing the slippage detection in the secondary scanning direction by the three sensors.
  • Fig. 16 is a view showing the slippage detection in the primary scanning direction by the three sensors.
  • Fig. 17 is a view showing another example of sensor construction.
  • Fig. 18 is a view showing another example of sensor construction.
  • Fig. 19 is a view showing the sensor construction by three sensors.
  • Fig. 20 is a view showing another example of sensor construction.
  • Fig. 1 is a view showing an image exposure system of a laser printer as an example of an image forming apparatus according to the present invention.
  • the printer in the example is a type in which two laser beams (light beams) L1 and L2, internally modulated corresponding to image data, scan in parallel with the primary scanning direction, so that two lines are simultaneously recorded.
  • a light source unit 1 is structured in the manner that two semiconductor lasers 1a and 1b are arranged in a row. Two diffused beams of light emitted from the light source 1 become two parallel laser beams L1 and L2 through a condenser lens 2.
  • Two laser beams L1 and L2 irradiate a polygonal mirror 3, and these two laser beams reflected by the polygonal mirror 3 scan a photoreceptor drum (recording medium) 5 through an f ⁇ lens 4.
  • the photoreceptor drum 5 is synchronously rotated with the primary scanning of laser beams L1 and L2, thereby, laser beams L1 and L2 and the photoreceptor drum 5 are relatively moved in a secondary direction (direction perpendicular to the primary scanning direction), and two dimensional image recording is carried out.
  • Scanning starting points of laser beams 11 and L2 reflected by the polygonal mirror 3 are detected by an index sensor 6 provided on the front of the scanning area.
  • a reflection mirror 7 is used for guiding laser beams L1 and L2 to the index sensor 6 when laser beams L1 and L2 irradiate the front of the scanning lines.
  • the index sensor 6 is structured in the manner that: four sensors (light beam detection means) A through D, which respectively output detection signals, are integrally provided; sensors A through D are arranged in the primary scanning direction, and laser beams L1 and L2 scan the sensors in the sequence of A ⁇ B ⁇ D ⁇ C.
  • Light beam detection areas (light receiving areas) of sensors A through D are formed into four right triangles.
  • Sensor A is located in the manner that: the longer of two sides, by which a right angle is formed in the detection area of the right triangle, is an end of the front of the primary scanning direction; and the longer side is perpendicular to the primary scanning direction (parallel with the secondary scanning direction).
  • Sensor B is located in the manner that: the hypotenuse of the detection area of the right triangle is an end of the front of the primary scanning direction; and the hypotenuse crosses the primary scanning direction at an angle which is formed by the long side and the hypotenuse.
  • Sensor D is located in the manner that: the located condition of the detection area of sensor A is turned upside down, when the secondary scanning direction is supposed to be at the top and bottom.
  • Sensor C is located in the manner that the detection area is symmetrical with respect to the axis which is along sensor A and the secondary scanning direction.
  • sensors A and C shown in Fig. 2 are located in the manner that the longer of the two sides by which the right angle is formed is perpendicular to the primary scanning direction, the sensors may be located in the manner that the long side is parallel with the primary scanning direction.
  • sensors A though D ends of the front of the primary scanning direction of sensors A though D are positioned in the manner that: sensors A and D are parallel with each other along the secondary scanning direction; and sensors B and C are not parallel with each other, and directions of inclination are reversed with respect to the primary scanning direction.
  • a position of the front of the detection of laser beam L1 by sensor A (a position at which the beam detection signal rises) is shown by a1, and that of the laser beam L2 is shown by a2.
  • the position of the front of the detection of laser beam L1 by sensor B is shown by b1, and that of laser beam L2 is shown by b2.
  • the position of the front of the detection of laser beam L1 by sensor C is shown by c1, and that of laser beam L2 is shown by c2.
  • the position of the front of the detection of laser beam L1 by sensor D is shown by d1, and that of laser beam L2 is shown by d2.
  • the slippage of the interval of laser beams L1 and L2 in the secondary scanning direction is measured by the above-described sensors A through D, as shown in the flow chart in Fig. 3.
  • the program shown in the flow chart in Fig.3 is carried out every time the laser printer is turned on. Initially, only laser beam L1 is turned on, and the laser beam scans in the same way as in the case of the normal image recording (S1).
  • S1 and S2 correspond to the first time difference measuring means.
  • laser beam L2 is turned on instead of the laser beam L1, and laser beam L1 scans in the same way as in the case of normal image recording (S3).
  • time T2 (refer to Fig. 4) elapsed from the rise of the beam detection by sensor B (b2) to the rise of the beam detection by sensor C (c2) is measured (S4).
  • the difference between the reference value of deviation T3, corresponds to the case where the interval of laser beams L1 and L2 in the secondary scanning direction is normal, and deviation T3, which has been actually obtained in the above processing, is found as a value corresponding to the amount of slippage of the interval (S5).
  • the function of S5 corresponds to the time deviation calculation means and the secondary scanning direction slippage detection means.
  • the reference value can be arbitrarily changed through an operation section of the laser printer.
  • positions b1 and c1 in the secondary scanning direction, in which laser beam L1 is detected by sensors B and C, are assumed as the reference position, for example, it is assumed that the scanning position of laser beam L2 is deviated downward in Fig. 4 in the secondary scanning direction.
  • positions b2 and c2 in the secondary scanning direction, in which laser beam L2 is detected by sensors B and C are deviated as follows: position b2 is deviated to the front in the scanning direction, and position c2 is deviated to the rear end in the scanning direction. Accordingly, time T2 becomes longer and time T3 becomes longer with respect to the reference value.
  • the amount of slippage of the interval between laser beams L1 and L2 can be calculated according to information of the scanning speed and the angle of the hypotenuse in sensors B and C.
  • the interval in the secondary scanning direction of laser beams L1 and L2 can be adjusted to the regulated value by adjusting the scanning position in the secondary scanning direction of the laser beams L1 and L2 according to information of the calculated amount of the slippage.
  • angle B° shown in Fig. 5 is set as sharp as possible since the time interval caused by the slippage is fluctuated by the angle at which the hypotenuses of sensor B and C obliquely cross with respect to the primary scanning direction, in other words, it is preferable that the interval of the hypotenuses of the detection areas of sensors B and C suddenly changes along the secondary scanning direction. Further, angle B° may be determined corresponding to the accuracy of adjustment of the scanning position and the resolving power of the time measurement.
  • the result of the measurement of times T1 and T2 and information of the finally calculated amount of slippage may be displayed on the display section provided in the laser printer.
  • Fig. 6 although the case is shown where the time interval (time between a1 and d1), in which laser beam L1 is detected by sensors A and D, is measured, the measurement can also be carried out by the other combination of sensors A through D in the same way.
  • the reference clock clk is successively delayed by 1/16 periods, and 16 kinds of delay clocks dl0 (reference clock) through dl15 are generated using digital delay lines.
  • dl0 reference clock
  • dl15 delay clocks
  • the clock clk, dl1, dl2, dl8, dl12, dl15 are shown, and the other delay clocks are omitted.
  • the clock dl8 When, for example, the clock synchronized with the rise a1 of the detection signal of sensor A (a clock which initially rises just after the rise of the detection signal) is the clock dl8, the rise of the detection signal at the time of synchronization is initially counted, and then the rise of clock dl8 is successively counted.
  • times T1 and T2 are found by the above described calculation as the counted number of clocks and the delay clock number; the reference time corresponding to the regulated value of the interval is also given as a clock count number and a delay clock number; and the count number and the delay clock number are respectively calculated in the calculation of the time difference.
  • information of the slippage in the secondary scanning direction is outputted to an adjusting mechanism (for example, a stepping motor) as the clock count number and the delay clock number (refer to Fig. 7).
  • an adjusting mechanism for example, a stepping motor
  • Fig. 8 the outputs of sensors B and C are respectively inputted into a phase detector (1) 11 and a phase detector (2) 12.
  • the reference clock clk is inputted into a digital delay line 13 and the clocks dl0 through dl15 are outputted from the digital delay line 13.
  • phase detectors (1) 11, and (2) 12 the delay clocks dl0 through dl15 synchronized with the rises of the detection signals of sensors B and C are respectively detected (refer to Fig. 6), and the result of the detection is outputted to a phase difference calculation section 14.
  • phase difference calculation section 14 the phase difference (1/16 period units) between a clock synchronized with the detection timing of sensor B (b1 or b2) and a clock synchronized with the detection timing of sensor C (c1 and c2), that is, fractions within the clock period of the detection interval of the sensors B and C are found, and the result of that is stored in a latch circuit 18 corresponding to a one-shot pulse generated in a one-shot circuit 31 by the detection signal of sensor C.
  • the detection result by the phase detector (1) 11 is also outputted to a clock selector 15, and a delay clock synchronized with the detection signal of sensor B is selectively outputted from the clock selector 15 to a counter 16.
  • the time interval between the rise b1 (b2) of sensor B and the rise c1 (c2) of the sensor C is measured by counting clocks outputted from the clock selector 15.
  • a counting range of the counter 16 is controlled by a flip-flop 17 into which outputs from sensors B and C are inputted.
  • the counted value by the counter 16 is stored in a latch circuit 18 by a one-shot pulse.
  • time T1 which is the detection interval by sensors B and C at the time when, for example, only laser beam L1 is turned on, is measured and stored in the latch circuit 18, and then, time T2, at the time when only laser beam L2 is turned on in the same way, is measured and stored in the latch circuit 18.
  • the function as the first-time difference measuring means and the second-time difference measuring means is realized by: the phase detectors (1) 11 and (2) 12; the digital delay line 13; the phase difference calculation section 14; the clock selector 15; the counter 16; the flip-flop 17; the latch circuit 18; and the one-shot circuit 31.
  • times T1 and T2 are obtained as the clock count number and the clock phase difference
  • the difference between times T1 and T2 is respectively calculated with respect to the clock count number and the clock phase difference in a time difference calculation section 19, which is the time deviation calculation means, and the results are temporarily stored in a latch circuit 20.
  • a slippage calculation section 21 which is a secondary scanning slippage detection means
  • the reference value supplied from the operation section is compared with data stored in the latch circuit 20, and the slippage (an amount of change of the interval) of laser beams L1 and L2 in the secondary scanning direction is calculated, and the calculation result is outputted to a display section.
  • the calculation result is also supplied to an adjusting mechanism and slippage in the secondary scanning direction is corrected.
  • the difference of time T5 is not influenced by the scanning position in the secondary scanning direction, and is determined only by the interval of the ends of the front of the primary scanning direction of sensors A and D, and the scanning speed.
  • the mask control of laser beams L1 and L2 is conducted for scanning (S8) so that only laser beam L1 enters into sensor A and only laser beam L2 enters into sensor D.
  • the difference of time T6 (refer to Fig. 9) between the time of rise (a1) at which laser beam L1 is detected by sensor A, and the time of rise (d2) at which laser beam L2 is detected by sensor D, is measured (S9).
  • the mask control may be carried out by the switching control of laser beams L1 and L2, or laser beam L1 and L2 may selectively enter into sensors A and D using a polarizing element or the like.
  • the writing starting time by the laser beam L1 can be advanced with respect to that by the laser beam 12.
  • image recording can be conducted without slippage. That is, it is possible to conduct the image recording without slippage by controlling the writing starting time of one of laser beams with respect to the other one of laser beams.
  • the control of the writing position may be conducted so that the generation of a horizontal synchronizing signal corresponding to the laser beam L2 is delayed by the time T7 with respect to that corresponding to the laser beam L1.
  • the horizontal synchronizing signal is adjusted according to the counted number of clocks; and the slippage found as the clock phase difference may be adjusted by selection of dot clocks corresponding to laser beams L1 and L2, from delay clocks dl0 through dl15.
  • each detection area of sensors A through D which are used for detection of slippage in the secondary scanning direction and the primary scanning direction, are not limited to those shown in Fig. 2, but, for example, those of sensors A through D may be structured as shown in Figs. 10 through 13.
  • a combination of sensors exists, in which ends of the fronts of the primary scanning direction of the light beam detection areas are not parallel with each other.
  • a combination of sensors exists, in which ends of the fronts of the primary scanning direction of the light beam detection area are perpendicular to the primary scanning direction and parallel with the primary scanning direction.
  • the shape of the detection area may be a triangle or a square.
  • the system is structured by 4 sensors, that is, a pair of sensors used for the slippage detection in the secondary scanning direction, and a pair of sensors used for the slippage detection in the primary scanning direction, however, the same function as that of the foregoing, can be accomplished by 3 sensors A through C as shown in Fig. 14.
  • two sensors A and B provided in the square light beam detection area are arranged in the manner that ends of the fronts of the primary scanning direction of the detection areas are perpendicular to the primary scanning direction, and on the other hand, the sensor C is arranged so that the hypotenuse of the triangle of the light beam detection area, in which sensor C is positioned on the front of the primary scanning direction, obliquely crosses the primary scanning direction.
  • the end of the front of the primary scanning direction of the detection area of sensor B is perpendicular to the primary scanning direction, the slippage in the secondary scanning direction does not greatly influence the time, comparing with the case where a combination of sensors B and C, shown in Fig. 2 or Fig. 4 (or Figs. 10 through 13), is used.
  • Concerning the accuracy of the system it is preferable that the ends of the fronts of the primary scanning direction of the detection areas obliquely cross respectively the primary scanning direction as sensors B and C shown in Fig. 2 or Fig. 4 (or Figs. 10 through 13), and that a combination of sensors is used in which the direction of inclination differ from each other.
  • slippage in the primary scanning direction is detected by sensors A through C as shown in Fig. 14, the slippage can be detected by a combination of sensors A and B, as shown in Fig. 16, in the same way as the foregoing.
  • the slippage can be detected as follows: when a combination, in which the ends of the fronts of the primary scanning direction of the light beam detection areas are not parallel with each other, and a combination, in which the ends of the fronts of the primary scanning direction of the light beam detection areas are parallel with each other in the secondary scanning direction, are provided, in other words, when a pair of sensors in which the ends of the fronts of the primary scanning direction are parallel with each other in the secondary scanning direction, and a sensor, in which the end of the front of the primary scanning direction obliquely crosses the primary scanning direction, are provided in the system, slippage in both the secondary scanning direction and in the primary scanning direction can be detected.
  • the system is not limited to the composition shown in Fig. 14, but many kinds of embodiments, as shown in Figs. 17 through 20, can easily be considered.
  • a pair of sensors in which ends of the fronts of the primary scanning direction of the light beam detection areas are not parallel with each other, may be provided in the system.
  • the composition of sensors is not limited to the case of two laser beams L1 and L2.
  • the slippage of a light beam interval (slippage of the optical axis) in the secondary scanning direction can be detected by a simple construction, which is an effect of the present invention.
  • the result of the detection is used for adjusting the optical axis, the stable image formation can be carried out.
  • the optical axis in the secondary scanning direction is defined as a normal position, and the writing control corresponding to the relationship of the position of the light beam in the primary scanning direction can be carried out, which also is another effect of this invention.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Optical Scanning Systems (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Printer (AREA)
  • Facsimile Scanning Arrangements (AREA)
EP94109958A 1993-06-29 1994-06-28 Abbildende Vorrichtung Expired - Lifetime EP0632302B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP159472/93 1993-06-29
JP15947293A JP3191232B2 (ja) 1993-06-29 1993-06-29 画像形成装置

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0632302A1 true EP0632302A1 (de) 1995-01-04
EP0632302B1 EP0632302B1 (de) 1997-12-03

Family

ID=15694521

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94109958A Expired - Lifetime EP0632302B1 (de) 1993-06-29 1994-06-28 Abbildende Vorrichtung

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US5583557A (de)
EP (1) EP0632302B1 (de)
JP (1) JP3191232B2 (de)
DE (1) DE69407101T2 (de)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0668522A2 (de) * 1994-02-17 1995-08-23 Konica Corporation Lichtbündelablenkungsdetektionsgerät für Abbildungsgeräte
EP0946043A2 (de) * 1998-03-24 1999-09-29 Agfa Corporation Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Kombinieren von mehreren Bildern ohne eine sichbaren Naht zu erzeugen
EP1001315A2 (de) * 1998-11-10 2000-05-17 Barco Graphics N.V. Verfahren und Gerät zum doppelseitigen Belichten eines blattförmigen Materials
EP1014682A2 (de) * 1998-12-15 2000-06-28 Toshiba Tec Kabushiki Kaisha Lichtstrahlabtastgerät
WO2002023278A2 (en) * 2000-09-15 2002-03-21 N.V. Strobbe Graphics Device and method for exposing photosensitive plates for printing presses

Families Citing this family (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP3298042B2 (ja) * 1995-09-14 2002-07-02 コニカ株式会社 画像形成装置および画像形成装置の制御方法
US5777659A (en) * 1996-03-29 1998-07-07 Xerox Corporaiton Dual-beam, reflex-controlled laser circuit for an electrophotographic printer
US5834766A (en) * 1996-07-29 1998-11-10 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Multi-beam scanning apparatus and multi-beam detection method for the same
JP3535686B2 (ja) * 1997-03-03 2004-06-07 株式会社リコー マルチビームレーザ走査装置
US6366707B1 (en) * 1999-04-13 2002-04-02 Hewlett-Packard Company Imaging apparatus alignment system and method
JP4489871B2 (ja) 1999-06-29 2010-06-23 東芝テック株式会社 画像形成装置および画像形成方法
JP4567829B2 (ja) 1999-09-24 2010-10-20 東芝テック株式会社 ビーム光走査装置
US6785011B1 (en) * 2000-03-16 2004-08-31 Lexmark International, Inc Optical sensor arrangement for start of scan detection and improved vertical beam alignment range
US6697094B2 (en) 2001-05-14 2004-02-24 Lexmark International, Inc. Method and apparatus for locating the process postion of a scan line in an electrophotographic machine
JP4438300B2 (ja) * 2003-03-19 2010-03-24 株式会社リコー 光走査装置、画像形成装置、および画像形成システム
US7045773B2 (en) 2003-07-18 2006-05-16 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Optical scanning apparatus for accurately detecting and correcting position of optical beam in subscanning direction, and the method
JP4500526B2 (ja) * 2003-09-18 2010-07-14 株式会社リコー 光走査装置および画像形成装置
US7643046B2 (en) 2005-12-21 2010-01-05 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Laser beam scanning device, image forming apparatus, and laser beam detecting method by the laser beam scanning device
JP4150862B2 (ja) * 2006-07-11 2008-09-17 コニカミノルタビジネステクノロジーズ株式会社 画像形成装置
JP4911707B2 (ja) * 2007-02-28 2012-04-04 株式会社リコー 光走査装置及び画像形成装置
JP4956448B2 (ja) * 2007-03-15 2012-06-20 株式会社リコー 光走査装置及び画像形成装置
JP5181552B2 (ja) * 2007-07-04 2013-04-10 株式会社リコー 回折光学素子および光ビーム検出手段および光走査装置および画像形成装置
JP2009184145A (ja) * 2008-02-04 2009-08-20 Konica Minolta Business Technologies Inc 画像形成装置および画像形成装置制御プログラム
JP5397282B2 (ja) * 2010-03-17 2014-01-22 株式会社リコー 位置ずれ補正装置及びそれを備えた画像形成装置
JP5622941B2 (ja) * 2011-09-05 2014-11-12 パイオニア株式会社 光軸ずれ補正装置、制御方法、及びヘッドアップディスプレイ
JP2019082538A (ja) * 2017-10-30 2019-05-30 コニカミノルタ株式会社 画像形成装置および画像形成制御プログラム

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4206348A (en) * 1978-06-05 1980-06-03 Eastman Kodak Company Optical scanner with electrooptical feedback for beam positioning
EP0412038A2 (de) * 1989-08-01 1991-02-06 International Business Machines Corporation Chromatik- und Versetzungskompensation in einem Abtastsystem mit mehreren Laserstrahlen
US5105296A (en) * 1989-11-20 1992-04-14 Dainippon Screen Mfg. Co., Ltd. Method and apparatus for detecting beam spot shape

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4714960A (en) * 1985-06-03 1987-12-22 Peter Laakmann Television rate optical scanner

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4206348A (en) * 1978-06-05 1980-06-03 Eastman Kodak Company Optical scanner with electrooptical feedback for beam positioning
EP0412038A2 (de) * 1989-08-01 1991-02-06 International Business Machines Corporation Chromatik- und Versetzungskompensation in einem Abtastsystem mit mehreren Laserstrahlen
US5105296A (en) * 1989-11-20 1992-04-14 Dainippon Screen Mfg. Co., Ltd. Method and apparatus for detecting beam spot shape

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
D.H.CASLER ET AL.: "DEFLECTION SENSOR FOR OPTICAL SCANNERS", IBM TECHNICAL DISCLOSURE BULLETIN, vol. 15, no. 1, June 1972 (1972-06-01), NEW YORK US, pages 5 - 6 *

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0668522A2 (de) * 1994-02-17 1995-08-23 Konica Corporation Lichtbündelablenkungsdetektionsgerät für Abbildungsgeräte
EP0668522A3 (de) * 1994-02-17 1995-11-29 Konishiroku Photo Ind Lichtbündelablenkungsdetektionsgerät für Abbildungsgeräte.
US5539719A (en) * 1994-02-17 1996-07-23 Konica Corporation Light beam deviation detecting device used in an image forming apparatus
EP0946043A2 (de) * 1998-03-24 1999-09-29 Agfa Corporation Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Kombinieren von mehreren Bildern ohne eine sichbaren Naht zu erzeugen
EP0946043A3 (de) * 1998-03-24 2002-08-28 Agfa Corporation Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Kombinieren von mehreren Bildern ohne eine sichbaren Naht zu erzeugen
US6437850B2 (en) 1998-11-10 2002-08-20 Maniabarco Nv Method and device for exposing both sides of a sheet
EP1001315A3 (de) * 1998-11-10 2001-08-08 Barco Graphics N.V. Verfahren und Gerät zum doppelseitigen Belichten eines blattförmigen Materials
US6396561B1 (en) 1998-11-10 2002-05-28 Maniabarco N.V. Method and device for exposing both sides of a sheet
EP1001315A2 (de) * 1998-11-10 2000-05-17 Barco Graphics N.V. Verfahren und Gerät zum doppelseitigen Belichten eines blattförmigen Materials
EP1014682A3 (de) * 1998-12-15 2002-03-27 Toshiba Tec Kabushiki Kaisha Lichtstrahlabtastgerät
EP1014682A2 (de) * 1998-12-15 2000-06-28 Toshiba Tec Kabushiki Kaisha Lichtstrahlabtastgerät
US6496212B1 (en) 1998-12-15 2002-12-17 Toshiba Tec Kabushiki Kaisha Light beam scanning apparatus
US6831671B2 (en) 1998-12-15 2004-12-14 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Light beam scanning apparatus
US6989851B2 (en) 1998-12-15 2006-01-24 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Light beam scanning apparatus
US7187397B2 (en) 1998-12-15 2007-03-06 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Light beam scanning apparatus
WO2002023278A2 (en) * 2000-09-15 2002-03-21 N.V. Strobbe Graphics Device and method for exposing photosensitive plates for printing presses
WO2002023278A3 (en) * 2000-09-15 2002-05-30 Strobbe Graphics Nv Device and method for exposing photosensitive plates for printing presses
BE1013685A3 (nl) * 2000-09-15 2002-06-04 Strobbe Graphics Nv Inrichting en werkwijze voor het belichten van fotogevoelige platen voor drukpersen.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69407101D1 (de) 1998-01-15
JP3191232B2 (ja) 2001-07-23
DE69407101T2 (de) 1998-03-26
US5583557A (en) 1996-12-10
EP0632302B1 (de) 1997-12-03
JPH0772399A (ja) 1995-03-17

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US5583557A (en) Image forming apparatus which corrects a deviation in a distance between plural light beams
JP3363235B2 (ja) 画像形成装置の光ビームずれ検出装置
US6005243A (en) Synchronous adjustment method, apparatus, and computer program product in a multiple beam optical system
US5426528A (en) Correction device of light beam deviation of primary scanning direction thereof in image forming apparatus
US5576852A (en) Synchronization signal generating unit of an image forming apparatus
EP0617541B1 (de) Bilderzeugungsgerät zum Erzeugen einer Abbildung mit Hilfe von mehreren Laserstrahlabtastern
JPH09210849A (ja) 画像形成装置の光ビームずれ検出装置
JPH10177144A (ja) 画像形成装置
JPH0798429A (ja) 距離計測装置
JP3468248B2 (ja) 画像形成装置
JP3031929B2 (ja) 測距方法および補助投光装置
JP3518825B2 (ja) 画像形成装置
US20010002147A1 (en) Detection of pitch variations in lenticular material
JP3143889B2 (ja) 距離測定方法および装置
RU2149355C1 (ru) Устройство для автоматического определения изменений угловой координаты объекта
US6727972B2 (en) Detection of pitch variations in lenticular material
JP3259198B2 (ja) 画像形成装置の同期信号発生装置
SU968832A1 (ru) Устройство дл измерени линейных перемещений объектов
US6717649B2 (en) Detection of pitch variations in lenticular material
JPH0973215A (ja) 画像形成装置
JPH10281719A (ja) 境界線検出方法
JP2000186914A (ja) 高分解能カメラ
JPS6239692B2 (de)
JPH07270694A (ja) 画像形成装置の同期信号発生装置
JPH11237579A (ja) 光書き込み装置

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): DE FR GB IT NL

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19950216

GRAG Despatch of communication of intention to grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19970228

GRAG Despatch of communication of intention to grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA

GRAH Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA

GRAH Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): DE GB

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 69407101

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19980115

EN Fr: translation not filed
PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed
PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 19990623

Year of fee payment: 6

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 19990626

Year of fee payment: 6

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20000628

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20000628

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20010403