EP0629559A1 - Bouchon composite en matière plastique pour bouteilles de vin ou de boissons à base de vin - Google Patents

Bouchon composite en matière plastique pour bouteilles de vin ou de boissons à base de vin Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0629559A1
EP0629559A1 EP94810348A EP94810348A EP0629559A1 EP 0629559 A1 EP0629559 A1 EP 0629559A1 EP 94810348 A EP94810348 A EP 94810348A EP 94810348 A EP94810348 A EP 94810348A EP 0629559 A1 EP0629559 A1 EP 0629559A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
barrier layer
base body
gas
corkscrew
stopper
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP94810348A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0629559B1 (fr
Inventor
Benno Nussbaumer
Peter Max Suter
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Individual
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP0629559A1 publication Critical patent/EP0629559A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0629559B1 publication Critical patent/EP0629559B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D39/00—Closures arranged within necks or pouring openings or in discharge apertures, e.g. stoppers
    • B65D39/0052—Closures arranged within necks or pouring openings or in discharge apertures, e.g. stoppers made in more than one piece
    • B65D39/0058—Closures arranged within necks or pouring openings or in discharge apertures, e.g. stoppers made in more than one piece from natural or synthetic cork, e.g. for wine bottles or the like
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D39/00—Closures arranged within necks or pouring openings or in discharge apertures, e.g. stoppers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D51/00—Closures not otherwise provided for
    • B65D51/16—Closures not otherwise provided for with means for venting air or gas
    • B65D51/1605—Closures not otherwise provided for with means for venting air or gas whereby the interior of the container is maintained in permanent gaseous communication with the exterior
    • B65D51/1616—Closures not otherwise provided for with means for venting air or gas whereby the interior of the container is maintained in permanent gaseous communication with the exterior by means of a filter

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a stopper made of plastic for closing bottles with wine or other beverages based on wine.
  • Such plugs conventionally consist of natural cork, a layer of bark of the cork oak (Quercus suber).
  • Cork is a tissue made of tabular, air-filled and completely joined together dead cells.
  • the storage of suberin in the cell walls creates a protective layer against evaporation, i.e. a largely impermeability to liquids and gases.
  • the tannins (phlobaphene) formed in the cork - they cause the brown color - are fungus and bacteria repellent.
  • the cork pores (lenticels) allow for minimal gas passage, which are channel-like passages in the cork tissue that are filled with flour made from loose cork cells.
  • cork stoppers up to approx. 45 mm in length are used to close wine bottles, depending on the type of wine.
  • the sparkling wine cork is mushroom-shaped and about 50 mm long.
  • the cork stopper When inserting the cork stopper into the bottle neck, the cork is pressed under the inside dimension of the bottle neck. Due to the elasticity, the cork expands again; it presses against the inside wall of the bottle neck, effectively sealing the inside of the bottle against the outside atmosphere.
  • the surface quality of cork stoppers prevents the bottle neck from slipping too easily, but allows a certain amount of effort pulling out.
  • Conventional high quality cork stoppers allow only minimal gas diffusion, which is crucial for the preservation of the winery.
  • the aromatic substances and the alcohol must not be oxidized by excessive atmospheric oxygen. This would cause the wine to deteriorate rapidly.
  • the use of natural cork is traditional for high-quality wines that are opened and presented with a certain ceremony.
  • cork oaks When the cork oaks have reached an age of about 10 years, the first cork harvest can take place. However, the best cork quality is only available between 50 and 100 years old. In the past decades, the supply of natural cork has not been able to meet demand. Cork of excellent quality is only available to a limited extent and is therefore relatively expensive. However, a decrease in the quality of the cork material is only acceptable to a certain extent and for simple wines. Because poorer cork qualities have a direct negative impact on the winery, and such cork is also more susceptible to an environment that is too humid or too dry.
  • Another measure was to provide an oxygen barrier in the stopper by introducing sulfur dioxide and water into the cells of the foamed core.
  • the sulfurous acid formed binds the penetrating atmospheric oxygen (eg CH-PS 643 504).
  • a gas-blocking intermediate layer preferably an aluminum-coated film, on the bottom or the head of the stopper or within the stopper (for example DE-OS 39 40 461).
  • the invention aims to provide a stopper made of plastic, which is suitable for the closure of bottles with wine, sparkling wine or beverages containing wine, according to the specific requirements of the individual beverage types, with regard to a gas permeability which can be variably adjusted to almost zero, for a longer storage period .
  • the necessary elasticity of the stopper and the resulting sufficient sealing force against the inner wall of the bottle neck are required.
  • the surface of the stopper must be such that the stopper sticks to the bottle neck to a normal extent, i.e. it should be able to be driven in and pulled out with the usual effort.
  • the plugs should be able to be processed on conventional corking machines, which moreover must comply with the food law provisions and must not disturb the aesthetic expectations.
  • the novel Plugs can be produced in large numbers and inexpensively.
  • stopper according to the invention is defined in the characterizing part of independent claim 1; preferred exemplary embodiments result from the dependent patent claims.
  • stopper it is now possible to produce plastic stoppers for the closure of bottles with wine, sparkling wine or other wine-containing beverages economically, which ensure that the contents of the bottle are sealed off from the atmosphere.
  • a defined gas permeability can be set on the stoppers for certain types of drinks.
  • the stopper meets all other requirements with regard to its workability, tight fit in the bottle neck, food compatibility and aesthetics.
  • the stopper consists of a base body 1, formed from elastic, food-compatible plastic, e.g. Polyethylene or ethylene vinyl acetate in solid or foamed form.
  • the barrier layer 2 is provided on the bottom surface 7 of the base body 1.
  • This barrier layer 2 is a liquid-impermeable microfilter laminate, e.g., gas exchange between the inside of the bottle and the outside atmosphere, e.g. GORE TEX® in a layer thickness of 0.4 mm.
  • the base body 1 and the barrier layer 2 are connected to one another by gluing or welding.
  • On the stopper there can also be a corrugation 3 to improve the seal between the stopper jacket and the inner surface of the bottle neck.
  • the corrugation 3 can also favor driving in and later pulling out the stopper.
  • corkscrew bore 4 which extends axially into the stopper and extends approximately to the center of the stopper.
  • a spiral-shaped groove 11 is provided in the corkscrew bore 4, which is designed to be approximately adequate for the helical course of conventional corkscrews 10.
  • the ambient air of a sealed with the plug The wine bottle and the gases in the latter are isolated from one another as follows by the stopper.
  • the permeability of the stopper with respect to gases can be adjusted to almost zero by appropriate choice of material, density and thickness both for the base body 1 and for the barrier layer 2.
  • gas molecules of the ambient air get into the wine bottle first by the base body 1 and then still by the barrier layer 2.
  • the barrier layer 2 can be designed so that it forms the main barrier for gas exchange.
  • the stopper according to FIG. 8 has been modified to the extent that it does not have a corkscrew bore, but instead has a stopper head 8 typical of sparkling wine stoppers. It can be expedient to provide a corrugation 3 on the circumferential side of the base body 1.
  • the stopper according to FIG. 2 is designed further in that it has a gas channel 5.
  • the gas channel 5, impinging on the barrier layer 2 runs from Center of the bottom surface 7 of the base body 1 axially opening to the corkscrew bore 4.
  • the gas permeability of the stopper can be adjusted according to the respective requirements. With an enlarged cross section of the gas channel 5, the gas permeability increases in both directions.
  • Such a stopper is useful, for example, for red wine, because such wine needs a certain "breathing".
  • the barrier layer 2a was arranged in the center.
  • An axially extending gas channel 5a and 5a ' is then respectively provided above and below the barrier layer 2a.
  • the gas channels 5a and 5a ' open on the one hand on the barrier layer 2a and on the other hand in the corkscrew bore 4a and 4a'.
  • the stopper has rounded portions 9 in its edge regions to facilitate driving into the bottle neck. This stopper does not have to be pre-sorted in the corking machine. Since it is constructed symmetrically, the designations end face 6 and bottom face 7 are only dependent on the position. Without influencing the function, the stopper can first be driven into the bottle neck with the bottom surface 7 or vice versa first with the end surface 6.
  • FIG. 4 shows an embodiment where the barrier layer 2a is also arranged in the center, but the two gas channels 5a and 5a ′′, which therefore run axially - ending in the corkscrew bores 4a and 4a ′ - have different diameters.
  • Such a configuration would have to be provided if the microfilter laminate of the barrier layer 2a has a preferred direction of passage and no equivalent exchange quantities between atmospheric air and the gas volume in the bottle are intended.
  • the embodiment according to FIG. 5 has none in the middle and extends over the plug cross section disk-shaped barrier layer 2 or 2a, but the barrier layer 2b here is rod-shaped.
  • the barrier layer 2b is arranged axially and symmetrically in the stopper; it extends over a partial length of the stopper and lies flush between the two corkscrew bores 4b and 4b '.
  • the gas permeability is adjustable in this embodiment over the length of the rod-shaped barrier layer 2b or also - not shown here - gas channels with variable diameters, which extend from the barrier layer 2b to the then shortened corkscrew bores 4b and 4b '.
  • FIG. 6 shows a stopper where the barrier layer 2c is inserted into the end face 6. It is also possible to place the barrier layer 2c on the end face 6, analogously to attaching the barrier layer 2 to the bottom surface 7 according to FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the gas channel 5c here extends from the center of the underside of the barrier layer 2c in a funnel shape to the bottom surface 7 funnel-shaped gas channel 5c can promote the elasticity of the plug; If the roundings 9 are provided both in the area of the end face 6 and in the area of the bottom area 7, the stopper could be driven in both possible positions.
  • the geometric setting for the permeability of the stopper is the size of the barrier layer 2c opening cross-sectional area of the gas channel 5c. If the stopper with the end face 6 is first driven into the bottle neck, bottom surface 7 and outlet mouth of the gas channel 5c are at the top, the gas channel 5c can serve as a puncture for the corkscrew 10 when the bottle is opened.
  • the barrier layer 2d is a wedge-shaped or conical structure which is arranged approximately centrally and transversely within the base body 1.
  • a multiplicity of gas channels 5d of small cross-sectional area extends from the lower lateral surface of the barrier layer 2d to the bottom surface 7.
  • a corkscrew bore 4d which is also a gas channel, extends from the upper lateral surface of the barrier layer 2d to the end face 6 of the stopper. If the corkscrew bore 4d is arranged centrally, its mouth occurs on a sector of the barrier layer 2d of medium thickness. This means that a medium level of gas permeability is also set.
  • the corkscrew bore 4d opens onto a thinner or stronger sector of the barrier layer 2d and the gas permeability increases or decreases accordingly. If the corkscrew bore 4d is actually to be used as such, the stopper must first be driven into the bottle neck with the bottom surface 7, otherwise the stopper can also be driven in the turned stopper position. The insertion of the barrier layer 2d into the base body 1 takes place as already described for FIG. 5.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Closures For Containers (AREA)
  • Devices For Opening Bottles Or Cans (AREA)
EP94810348A 1993-06-18 1994-06-14 Bouchon composite en matière plastique pour bouteilles de vin ou de boissons à base de vin Expired - Lifetime EP0629559B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH01830/93A CH687694A5 (de) 1993-06-18 1993-06-18 Mehrteiliger Verschlussstopfen aus Kunststoff fuer Flaschen mit Wein oder weinhaltigen Getraenken.
CH1830/93 1993-06-18

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0629559A1 true EP0629559A1 (fr) 1994-12-21
EP0629559B1 EP0629559B1 (fr) 1996-09-11

Family

ID=4219600

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94810348A Expired - Lifetime EP0629559B1 (fr) 1993-06-18 1994-06-14 Bouchon composite en matière plastique pour bouteilles de vin ou de boissons à base de vin

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0629559B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE142585T1 (fr)
CH (1) CH687694A5 (fr)
DE (1) DE59400625D1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2091681T3 (fr)

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0752376A1 (fr) * 1995-07-05 1997-01-08 The Procter & Gamble Company Récipient ou capuchon avec évent
FR2761051A1 (fr) * 1997-03-18 1998-09-25 Claude Raymond Jean Meriot Application d'un nouveau bouchon avec principe de reutilisation et debouchage rapide
WO2001058772A1 (fr) * 2000-02-07 2001-08-16 Guala Dispensing S.P.A. Fermeture pour recipients, notamment un bouchon pour bouteilles
FR2852926A1 (fr) * 2003-03-24 2004-10-01 Eric Albert Rodius Bouchon destine a fermer des recipients tels que des bouteilles de vins et dont la conception evite toute migration du gaz des cellules du matiriau constitutif du bouchon a l'interieur du recipient
EP1549556A1 (fr) * 2002-09-10 2005-07-06 David William Manley Fermeture ou bouchon formant un joint sous l'effet de la tension superficielle
FR2879167A1 (fr) * 2004-12-15 2006-06-16 Jean Alban Rochette Optimisation des bouchons pour l'ouverture, la fermeture et l'etancheite des bouteilles de vins et spiritueux
FR2885882A1 (fr) * 2005-05-19 2006-11-24 Bernard Guillermier Bouchon synthetique pour bouteilles de vin
US7143903B2 (en) 2001-08-30 2006-12-05 Marco Musaragno Stopper for bottling wines
WO2007060706A1 (fr) * 2005-11-22 2007-05-31 Cappello S.R.L. Bouchon permettant de boucher hermétiquement des bouteilles, en particulier des bouteilles de vin qu’il faut laisser vieillir
US7337913B2 (en) 2002-01-29 2008-03-04 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Single piece closure device made of PVC
EP1990287A1 (fr) * 2007-05-09 2008-11-12 Baggio Consulting S.A.S. Di Baggio Giorgio & C. Butoir particulièrement pour une bouteille contenant du vin
WO2008114111A3 (fr) * 2007-03-22 2008-11-27 Epoli Espumas De Polietileno S Système de fermeture synthétique composé de couches internes multiples, chaque couche ayant une section transversale variable (vcs) le long de la longueur du système de fermeture
WO2010146426A1 (fr) 2009-06-17 2010-12-23 Godoy Varo Jose Luis Bouchon de fermeture de bouteilles à moyens de contrôle des conditions d'obturation et machine destinée à être utilisée dans la fabrication de tels bouchons
EP2308767A1 (fr) * 2009-10-12 2011-04-13 Walter Lindner Bouchon de fermeture pour bouteilles
GB2482541A (en) * 2010-08-06 2012-02-08 Claudette Duncan Under water leak stopper
WO2014041442A1 (fr) * 2012-09-13 2014-03-20 Tapì S.P.A. Capuchon doté d'une tête bombée large et d'un témoin d'effraction
US9415904B1 (en) * 2003-05-13 2016-08-16 James E. Spooner Extraction facilitating cork closure
CN111923523A (zh) * 2020-07-30 2020-11-13 西安工程大学 一种葡萄酒用酒塞的制备方法
EP4108408A1 (fr) * 2021-06-24 2022-12-28 Diam Bouchage Bouchon présentant un contrôle de la perméabilité aux gaz et procédé de fabrication correspondant
IT202100030356A1 (it) * 2021-11-30 2023-05-30 Flon Project S R L UN TAPPO IN UN MATERIALE COMPOSITO POLIMERICO A CELLE CHIUSE FORNITO DI CONDOTTO DI PASSAGGIO PER L’ARIA OSTRUITO DA UN MATERIALE e-PTFE

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102007060863B4 (de) 2007-12-18 2014-10-02 Kraussmaffei Technologies Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung mehrkomponentiger Kunststoffkorken

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2076380A (en) * 1980-05-16 1981-12-02 Glover William & Co Ltd Cask vent plug
DE3521865A1 (de) * 1985-06-19 1987-01-02 Willy Toth Kunststoffstopfen fuer weinflaschen
EP0391660A2 (fr) * 1989-04-07 1990-10-10 W.L. Gore & Associates, Inc. Laminés pour filtration
DE3940461A1 (de) * 1989-12-07 1991-06-13 Pfefferkorn & Co Stopfen fuer flaschen
WO1993005945A1 (fr) * 1991-09-17 1993-04-01 Tetra Alfa Holdings S.A. Unite de fermeture de recipients de matieres coulantes

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2076380A (en) * 1980-05-16 1981-12-02 Glover William & Co Ltd Cask vent plug
DE3521865A1 (de) * 1985-06-19 1987-01-02 Willy Toth Kunststoffstopfen fuer weinflaschen
EP0391660A2 (fr) * 1989-04-07 1990-10-10 W.L. Gore & Associates, Inc. Laminés pour filtration
DE3940461A1 (de) * 1989-12-07 1991-06-13 Pfefferkorn & Co Stopfen fuer flaschen
WO1993005945A1 (fr) * 1991-09-17 1993-04-01 Tetra Alfa Holdings S.A. Unite de fermeture de recipients de matieres coulantes

Cited By (27)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0752376A1 (fr) * 1995-07-05 1997-01-08 The Procter & Gamble Company Récipient ou capuchon avec évent
FR2761051A1 (fr) * 1997-03-18 1998-09-25 Claude Raymond Jean Meriot Application d'un nouveau bouchon avec principe de reutilisation et debouchage rapide
WO2001058772A1 (fr) * 2000-02-07 2001-08-16 Guala Dispensing S.P.A. Fermeture pour recipients, notamment un bouchon pour bouteilles
AU767844B2 (en) * 2000-02-07 2003-11-27 Guala Dispensing S.P.A. Closure for containers, in particular plug for bottles
US6796449B2 (en) 2000-02-07 2004-09-28 Guala Dispensing S.P.A. Closure for containers, in particular plug for bottles
US7143903B2 (en) 2001-08-30 2006-12-05 Marco Musaragno Stopper for bottling wines
US7337913B2 (en) 2002-01-29 2008-03-04 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Single piece closure device made of PVC
EP1549556A1 (fr) * 2002-09-10 2005-07-06 David William Manley Fermeture ou bouchon formant un joint sous l'effet de la tension superficielle
EP1549556A4 (fr) * 2002-09-10 2006-08-30 David William Manley Fermeture ou bouchon formant un joint sous l'effet de la tension superficielle
FR2852926A1 (fr) * 2003-03-24 2004-10-01 Eric Albert Rodius Bouchon destine a fermer des recipients tels que des bouteilles de vins et dont la conception evite toute migration du gaz des cellules du matiriau constitutif du bouchon a l'interieur du recipient
US9415904B1 (en) * 2003-05-13 2016-08-16 James E. Spooner Extraction facilitating cork closure
WO2006064137A1 (fr) * 2004-12-15 2006-06-22 Jean-Alban Rochette Optimisation des bouchons pour l’ouverture ,la fermeture et l’etancheite des bouteilles de vins et spiritueux
FR2879167A1 (fr) * 2004-12-15 2006-06-16 Jean Alban Rochette Optimisation des bouchons pour l'ouverture, la fermeture et l'etancheite des bouteilles de vins et spiritueux
FR2885882A1 (fr) * 2005-05-19 2006-11-24 Bernard Guillermier Bouchon synthetique pour bouteilles de vin
WO2007060706A1 (fr) * 2005-11-22 2007-05-31 Cappello S.R.L. Bouchon permettant de boucher hermétiquement des bouteilles, en particulier des bouteilles de vin qu’il faut laisser vieillir
WO2008114111A3 (fr) * 2007-03-22 2008-11-27 Epoli Espumas De Polietileno S Système de fermeture synthétique composé de couches internes multiples, chaque couche ayant une section transversale variable (vcs) le long de la longueur du système de fermeture
US8011522B2 (en) 2007-03-22 2011-09-06 EPOLI—Espumas de polietileno SA Synthetic closure with multiple internal layers, each layer having a variable cross section (VCS) along the closure length
EP1990287A1 (fr) * 2007-05-09 2008-11-12 Baggio Consulting S.A.S. Di Baggio Giorgio & C. Butoir particulièrement pour une bouteille contenant du vin
WO2010146426A1 (fr) 2009-06-17 2010-12-23 Godoy Varo Jose Luis Bouchon de fermeture de bouteilles à moyens de contrôle des conditions d'obturation et machine destinée à être utilisée dans la fabrication de tels bouchons
EP2308767A1 (fr) * 2009-10-12 2011-04-13 Walter Lindner Bouchon de fermeture pour bouteilles
GB2482541A (en) * 2010-08-06 2012-02-08 Claudette Duncan Under water leak stopper
WO2014041442A1 (fr) * 2012-09-13 2014-03-20 Tapì S.P.A. Capuchon doté d'une tête bombée large et d'un témoin d'effraction
CN111923523A (zh) * 2020-07-30 2020-11-13 西安工程大学 一种葡萄酒用酒塞的制备方法
CN111923523B (zh) * 2020-07-30 2022-08-02 西安工程大学 一种葡萄酒用酒塞的制备方法
EP4108408A1 (fr) * 2021-06-24 2022-12-28 Diam Bouchage Bouchon présentant un contrôle de la perméabilité aux gaz et procédé de fabrication correspondant
FR3124497A1 (fr) * 2021-06-24 2022-12-30 Diam Bouchage Bouchon présentant un contrôle de la perméabilité aux gaz et procédé de fabrication correspondant
IT202100030356A1 (it) * 2021-11-30 2023-05-30 Flon Project S R L UN TAPPO IN UN MATERIALE COMPOSITO POLIMERICO A CELLE CHIUSE FORNITO DI CONDOTTO DI PASSAGGIO PER L’ARIA OSTRUITO DA UN MATERIALE e-PTFE

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE59400625D1 (de) 1996-10-17
CH687694A5 (de) 1997-01-31
ES2091681T3 (es) 1996-11-01
EP0629559B1 (fr) 1996-09-11
ATE142585T1 (de) 1996-09-15

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