EP0627783A1 - Strahlende Mehrschichtenstruktur mit variabelem Strahlungsdiagramm - Google Patents

Strahlende Mehrschichtenstruktur mit variabelem Strahlungsdiagramm Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0627783A1
EP0627783A1 EP94401183A EP94401183A EP0627783A1 EP 0627783 A1 EP0627783 A1 EP 0627783A1 EP 94401183 A EP94401183 A EP 94401183A EP 94401183 A EP94401183 A EP 94401183A EP 0627783 A1 EP0627783 A1 EP 0627783A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
radiating
elements
excitation
structure according
level
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP94401183A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0627783B1 (de
Inventor
Frederic Croq
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alcatel Lucent SAS
Original Assignee
Alcatel Espace Industries SA
Alcatel Alsthom Compagnie Generale dElectricite
Alcatel NV
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Publication date
Application filed by Alcatel Espace Industries SA, Alcatel Alsthom Compagnie Generale dElectricite, Alcatel NV filed Critical Alcatel Espace Industries SA
Publication of EP0627783A1 publication Critical patent/EP0627783A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0627783B1 publication Critical patent/EP0627783B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0414—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna in a stacked or folded configuration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/005—Patch antenna using one or more coplanar parasitic elements

Definitions

  • the field of the invention is that of network antennas, and more specifically that of multi-layer and multi-element printed network antennas, the radiating elements of which are produced by the microstrip technique.
  • Such antennas are produced by etching or lithography of conductive tracks and blocks on dielectric substrates, which are generally but not exclusively planar. More elaborate configurations exist with several dielectric substrates, ground planes, resonator cavities, et cetera, some examples of which will be described in more detail below. In the case under consideration, several layers of dielectric, each of which comprises a pattern of conductive tracks and / or blocks, are stacked.
  • solutions using printed elements have the advantages of less weight and size, but nevertheless with lower performance on certain operating parameters of the antenna. In particular, it proves difficult to simultaneously obtain an acceptable bandwidth with a determined directivity, and a polarization purity compatible with telecommunications applications.
  • the printed radiating elements have directivities conventionally between 5 and 10 dBi approximately depending on the geometrical characteristics of the antenna (height of substrate, dimensions of the radiating blocks and cavities if they exist) and of the materials used (dielectric constant of substrates).
  • the invention aims to overcome these performance limitations of antennas of the prior art, and in particular aims to simultaneously provide a high gain, a very wide bandwidth, the control of the polarization purity, and the control of the template. of radiation.
  • the invention provides a radiating structure with variable directivity, this structure comprising a plurality of radiating elements and means of electromagnetic excitation of these radiating elements, characterized in that said radiating elements are distributed at the interfaces of a plurality of dielectric spacers stacked on successive levels in a multilayer radiating structure, this structure radiant multilayer being itself disposed on said excitation means.
  • said multilayer radiating structure comprises a plurality of dielectric interfaces, each dielectric interface comprising one or more radiating elements, said structure being composed so that each successive interface comprises a coupled radiating surface larger than the surface of the radiating elements of the previous level, starting from a first level containing said excitation means.
  • the radiating elements of different levels are coupled by electromagnetic coupling so as to obviate the need for a specific structure for distributing electromagnetic energy.
  • the lower level comprises a single radiating block, which will be excited by said excitation means, and which in turn will excite the radiating elements of the next level, and so on.
  • the first radiating block which is located on the first level of the multilayer structure, is supplied so as to radiate the desired polarization.
  • the polarization of this exciting radiating block will then be controlled and improved during coupling to the different radiating structures of higher levels by the use of radiating structures and elements of suitable shape.
  • the radiating elements of a higher level partially cover the radiating elements of an immediately lower level when seen in projection in the direction of stacking of the levels, and the coupling between the elements of the contiguous levels is managed by the percentage of overlap of these elements in the current zones magnetic, as well as the thickness and dielectric qualities of the separators.
  • a particular polarization can be obtained by the use of excitations by sequential rotation in coupled structure.
  • the radiating structure can be equipped with a polarizing grid.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 we have the simplest example of a radiating element of the "patch" type according to the prior art, shown in plan and in section respectively.
  • the excitation element E is a block of conductive material, printed or etched on one face of a dielectric substrate D1. The other face of this dielectric is covered with a conductive layer M which forms a ground plane.
  • the exciter patch E is supplied via coaxial connectors C, but one can imagine any other supply technology instead, for example: triplate, microstrip, slot coupling, and so on.
  • FIGS. 1 to 12 are shown on flat substrates, however, the invention, as well as the devices of the prior art, can be adapted on shaped surfaces, and the examples given are not not intended to be limiting in this regard.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 we have a second example of a printed radiating element of the prior art, comprising a first excitation patch element E disposed on a first dielectric substrate D1 conforming to the geometry common to FIGS. 1 and 2 , as well as a second resonator patch element R placed on a second dielectric substrate D2 placed in front of the first excitation element E (in the direction of the radiation).
  • these substrates are contiguous in practical embodiments, and they are most often made of the same dielectric material.
  • the height H2 of the second dielectric substrate D2 is greater than the height H1 of the dielectric substrate D1, to form a resonant cavity between the excitation patch E and the patch resonator R at the operating frequency.
  • This configuration makes it possible to manage the coupling between elements, and by the same, the bandwidth of the device.
  • the diameter of the resonator patch R is less than the diameter of the exciter patch E.
  • a resonator patch R is placed on a second dielectric substrate D2, placed on the first substrate D1.
  • the diameter of the resonator patch R is less than the diameter of the exciter patch E.
  • the simple patch R is completed by a plurality of radiating elements (R1 ... R6, ...) distributed on an insulating surface (D2) stacked on said excitation means (C, E, M, D1) in a multilayer structure.
  • the secondary resonator patches (R1 ... R6) are arranged around the central resonator patch R, to form a multi-element resonator so as to cover the exciter patch E in a current area of the latter, that is to say say on its periphery.
  • the second insulating surface D2 thus comprises a total surface of resonator patch elements (R1, ... R6, R) clearly greater than the surface of the excitation patch E alone, or of the resonator patch R of FIG. 3.
  • the effective opening of the antenna is increased in proportion, allowing a gain in directivity.
  • FIGS. 7 and 8 we see in plan and in section respectively an example of another embodiment of a radiating element, in which a polarization grid is formed by a particular geometry of the patch resonator elements (P1, ... P12) arranged in a star on the surface of a dielectric substrate D2 of height H2.
  • the arrangement of Figure 7 is particularly suitable for radiation in circular polarization.
  • the excitation means (C) of the exciter patch E are supplied so as to excite a circular polarization at the level of this first patch E, which in turn excites the multi-element resonator (P1 ... P12) by electromagnetic coupling.
  • the magnetic currents on the periphery of the exciter element E excite currents in the elements P1 to P12.
  • a pair of collinear elements (P1, P7 for example) will be preferentially excited at a given time, depending on the orientation of the electric field at that time, with an excitation of lower amplitude on the neighboring pairs (P12, P6; P2, P8) and zero excitation of the orthogonal pair (P4, P10 for example).
  • a pair of excited dipoles with a 180 ° phase shift (phase opposition) compensates for the 180 ° spatial phase shift between these elements. This allows a summation of the co-polar component and a difference of the counter-polar component.
  • the desired polarization is controlled and reinforced by the multi-element resonator (P1, ... P12), which gives a very high purity of polarization at the same time as an increased directivity, thanks to a larger radiating opening. , as well as an optimized yield.
  • FIGS. 9 and 10 we see in plan and in section respectively an example of an embodiment of a radiating structure printed according to the invention, in which there are two upper levels each comprising a dielectric substrate (D2; D3) on which a resonator multi-elements (R1, ... R6; R21, ... R26) is deposited by lithography or by engraving.
  • D2 dielectric substrate
  • R1 resonator multi-elements
  • a first excitation patch E on the upper face of a first dielectric substrate D1 having a ground plane M on its opposite face is excited by excitation means which include, in this example, connectors coaxial C.
  • the excitation of the element E generates magnetic currents on its periphery, which, by electromagnetic coupling, in turn excite currents in the resonator elements R1, ... R6 of the neighboring level.
  • the coupling between the elements of a level results from the geometry of the different patches, and the relative geometry of their arrangement, as described in French application n ° 93 03502 in the name of the Applicant.
  • the coupling between the elements of different levels will depend on the overlap of the elements of neighboring levels (as it appears on figure 9), and on the dielectric height (H1, H2) which separates the elements, as well as on the dielectric constant of each substrate (D1, D2, D3, ).
  • FIGS. 11 and 12 we see in section and in plan respectively an example of an embodiment according to the invention, which comprises a plurality of levels (D2, D3) each comprising a multiplicity of radiating elements (R1, .. .R6; P1, ... P1 respectively).
  • the embodiment of Figures 11 and 12 includes the features of Figures 7.8 and 9.10.
  • the elements P1, ... P6 have a particular shape and arrangement, those of a polarization grid, to improve and control the polarization emitted as in FIGS. 7 and 8.
  • the lower level of the radiating structure disposed on a dielectric substrate D1, comprises the excitation means (not shown) of an excitation patch E as well as a ground plane (M); the plurality of substrates stacked on top (D2, D3) comprises multi-element resonators whose area of grip on each substrate increases according to the position of the substrate in the structure, according to the normal direction of radiation of the antenna.
  • the geometry of the patches and their relative arrangement, as well as the relative heights H1 / H2 / H3 of the dielectric substrates are important parameters which make it possible to obtain a variable directivity and a desired frequency response, according to rules within the reach of the skilled in the art.
  • the dielectric constant is a coupling control parameter and therefore affects all the performance of the antenna.
  • the dielectric constants of the different levels can all be identical, or on the contrary, chosen to reduce the thickness of dielectric between two patches located on adjoining levels.
  • the examples of the preceding figures are based on simple geometries in each level of multi-element resonators, and on three levels of planar substrates.
  • the invention can be used on curved or shaped substrates, with geometries of patches and their relative arrangement more or less complicated, depending on the design of the radiating element for a given mission.
  • the invention can also use four or even five or more substrates for the development of a radiating structure with an even wider radiating opening.
  • the total thickness of the structure should preferably remain relatively modest, in order to meet the needs of the targeted fields of application, in particular space.
  • the results of the measurements carried out on the structure of FIGS. 11 and 12 are given by the curves plotted in FIG. 13 and summarized in the following table.
  • the different curves represent the directivity for the different azimuth angles, that is to say the amplitude measured, relative to an isotropic antenna (in dB / ISO), as a function of the angle d elevation which is given on the abscissa.
  • the levels in cross polarization according to the elevation are plotted in dotted lines.
  • the secondary lobes are absent from these curves because they are smaller than the scale of these graphics.
  • the radiating structure according to the invention provides significant advantages in terms of the design and construction of the antennas, in particular by eliminating the need for complex distribution structures between the members of 'a sub-network of radiating elements.
  • the radiating elements are powered only by the electromagnetic coupling, and it is the parameters of this coupling which determines the law of illumination.
  • the directivity can thus take intermediate values between the discrete values obtained by conventional distribution techniques.

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  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
EP94401183A 1993-06-03 1994-05-30 Strahlende Mehrschichtenstruktur mit variabelem Strahlungsdiagramm Expired - Lifetime EP0627783B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9306660 1993-06-03
FR9306660A FR2706085B1 (fr) 1993-06-03 1993-06-03 Structure rayonnante multicouches à directivité variable.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0627783A1 true EP0627783A1 (de) 1994-12-07
EP0627783B1 EP0627783B1 (de) 1998-10-14

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Country Status (5)

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US (1) US5497164A (de)
EP (1) EP0627783B1 (de)
DE (1) DE69413882T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2125420T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2706085B1 (de)

Cited By (5)

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EP0899814A1 (de) * 1997-09-01 1999-03-03 Alcatel Strahlende Struktur
EP0957535A1 (de) * 1998-05-15 1999-11-17 Société Européenne des Satellites Elektromagnetisch gekoppelte Mikrostreifenleiterantenne
FR2803694A1 (fr) * 2000-01-12 2001-07-13 Univ Rennes Antenne a cavite resonante ayant un faisceau conforme selon un diagramme de rayonnement predetermine
EP2194602B1 (de) 2008-12-05 2015-09-02 Thales Antenne mit gemeinsam benützten Elementarstrahlern und Verfahren zum Entwurf einer Mehrstrahlantenne mit gemeinsam benützten Elementarstrahlern
CN111149255A (zh) * 2017-10-04 2020-05-12 华为技术有限公司 多频段天线系统

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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0899814A1 (de) * 1997-09-01 1999-03-03 Alcatel Strahlende Struktur
FR2767970A1 (fr) * 1997-09-01 1999-03-05 Alsthom Cge Alcatel Structure rayonnante
US6061027A (en) * 1997-09-01 2000-05-09 Alcatel Radiating structure
EP0957535A1 (de) * 1998-05-15 1999-11-17 Société Européenne des Satellites Elektromagnetisch gekoppelte Mikrostreifenleiterantenne
FR2803694A1 (fr) * 2000-01-12 2001-07-13 Univ Rennes Antenne a cavite resonante ayant un faisceau conforme selon un diagramme de rayonnement predetermine
WO2001052356A1 (fr) * 2000-01-12 2001-07-19 Universite De Rennes 1 Antenne a cavite resonante ayant un faisceau conforme selon un diagramme de rayonnement predetermine
EP2194602B1 (de) 2008-12-05 2015-09-02 Thales Antenne mit gemeinsam benützten Elementarstrahlern und Verfahren zum Entwurf einer Mehrstrahlantenne mit gemeinsam benützten Elementarstrahlern
CN111149255A (zh) * 2017-10-04 2020-05-12 华为技术有限公司 多频段天线系统
CN111149255B (zh) * 2017-10-04 2021-06-29 华为技术有限公司 多频段天线系统
US11469516B2 (en) 2017-10-04 2022-10-11 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Multiband antenna system

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FR2706085B1 (fr) 1995-07-07
ES2125420T3 (es) 1999-03-01
EP0627783B1 (de) 1998-10-14
US5497164A (en) 1996-03-05
FR2706085A1 (fr) 1994-12-09
DE69413882T2 (de) 1999-06-02
DE69413882D1 (de) 1998-11-19

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