EP0627783B1 - Strahlende Mehrschichtenstruktur mit variabelem Strahlungsdiagramm - Google Patents

Strahlende Mehrschichtenstruktur mit variabelem Strahlungsdiagramm Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0627783B1
EP0627783B1 EP94401183A EP94401183A EP0627783B1 EP 0627783 B1 EP0627783 B1 EP 0627783B1 EP 94401183 A EP94401183 A EP 94401183A EP 94401183 A EP94401183 A EP 94401183A EP 0627783 B1 EP0627783 B1 EP 0627783B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
radiating
elements
excitation
level
structure according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP94401183A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0627783A1 (de
Inventor
Frederic Croq
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alcatel Lucent SAS
Original Assignee
Alcatel Espace Industries SA
Alcatel SA
Alcatel Alsthom Compagnie Generale dElectricite
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Application filed by Alcatel Espace Industries SA, Alcatel SA, Alcatel Alsthom Compagnie Generale dElectricite filed Critical Alcatel Espace Industries SA
Publication of EP0627783A1 publication Critical patent/EP0627783A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0627783B1 publication Critical patent/EP0627783B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0414—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna in a stacked or folded configuration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/005—Patch antenna using one or more coplanar parasitic elements

Definitions

  • the field of the invention is that of antennas network, and more specifically that of network antennas multi-layer and multi-element prints, including elements radiant are produced by the microstrip technique.
  • antennas are produced by etching or lithography of conductive tracks and pavers on substrates dielectrics, which are generally but not exclusively plans. More elaborate configurations exist having several dielectric substrates, ground planes, cavities resonators, et cetera, some examples of which will be described in more detail below. In this case, several layers of dielectric, each of which has a pattern of conductive tracks and / or pavers are stacked.
  • the radiating elements printed have directivities conventionally between 5 and around 10 dBi depending on the characteristics antenna geometry (substrate height, dimensions radiant pavers and cavities if they exist) and materials used (dielectric constant of substrates).
  • the invention aims to overcome these limitations of performances of the antennas of the prior art, and in particular aims to simultaneously provide a high gain, a very wide bandwidth, controlling the purity of polarization, and radiation template control.
  • the invention provides a structure radiant with variable directivity, this structure comprising a plurality of radiating elements and means electromagnetic excitation of these radiating elements, characterized in that said radiating elements are distributed at the interfaces of a plurality of spacers dielectrics stacked on successive levels in a multi-layer radiating structure, this structure radiant multilayer being itself disposed on said means of excitement.
  • said structure radiant multilayer includes a plurality of interfaces dielectric, each dielectric interface comprising a or more radiating elements, said structure being composed so that each successive interface has a larger coupled radiating surface than the surface of the radiating elements of the previous level, in starting from a first level containing said means of excitement.
  • the radiating elements of different levels are coupled by electromagnetic coupling to obviate the need a specific energy distribution structure electromagnetic.
  • the lower level has a single radiating pad, which will be excited by said means of excitation, and which in turn will excite the elements radiant from the next level, and so on.
  • the first paving stone radiant which is on the first level of the multilayer structure, is fed so as to radiate the desired polarization.
  • the polarization of this radiant paving stone exciter will then be controlled and improved upon coupling to the different radiating structures of levels superior through the use of structures and elements radiant shaped.
  • the radiating elements of a higher level cover partially the radiating elements of a level immediately lower when viewed in projection according to the stacking direction of the levels, and the coupling between the elements of the contiguous levels is managed by the percentage of covering of these elements in the current zones magnetic, as well as the thickness and qualities separator dielectric.
  • a polarization particular can be achieved by using of excitations by sequential rotation in structure coupled.
  • the radiating structure can be equipped with a polarizing grid.
  • the exciter element E is a block of conductive material, printed or engraved on one side of a dielectric substrate D1. The other side of this dielectric is covered with a layer conductor M which makes ground plane.
  • the exciter patch E is supplied via coaxial connectors C, but you can imagine any other feeding technology instead, for example: triplate, microstrip, slot coupling, et cetera.
  • Figures 3 and 4 we have a second example a printed radiating element of the prior art, comprising a first excitation patch element E arranged on a first dielectric substrate D1 conforming to the geometry common to Figures 1 and 2, as well as a second resonator patch element R disposed on a second substrate dielectric D2 placed in front of the first excitation element E (in the direction of radiation).
  • a first excitation patch element E arranged on a first dielectric substrate D1 conforming to the geometry common to Figures 1 and 2, as well as a second resonator patch element R disposed on a second substrate dielectric D2 placed in front of the first excitation element E (in the direction of radiation).
  • these substrates are contiguous in practical realizations, and they are most often made of the same material dielectric.
  • the height H2 of the second dielectric substrate D2 is larger than the height H1 of the dielectric substrate D1, to form a resonant cavity between the excitatory patch E and the patch resonator R at the operating frequency.
  • This configuration allows you to manage the coupling between elements, and by the same, the bandwidth of the device.
  • the diameter of the resonator patch R is less than the diameter of the patch exciter E.
  • a patch resonator R is placed on a second substrate dielectric D2, placed on the first substrate D1.
  • the diameter of the resonator patch R is less than the diameter of the excitatory patch E.
  • the simple patch R is completed by a plurality of elements radiant (R1 ... R6, ...) distributed on an insulating surface (D2) stacked on said excitation means (C, E, M, D1) in a multilayer structure.
  • Resonator patches secondary (R1 ... R6) are arranged around the patch central resonator R, to form a multi-element resonator so as to cover the exciter patch E in an area of currents of the latter, that is to say on its periphery.
  • the second insulating surface D2 thus comprises a total area of resonator patch elements (R1, ... R6, R) significantly larger than the surface of the excitatory patch E alone, or of the resonator patch R of FIG. 3.
  • the opening effective antenna is increased in proportion, allowing a gain in directivity.
  • the arrangement of Figure 7 is particularly suitable for radiation in circular polarization.
  • the excitation means (C) of the exciter patch E are supplied so as to excite a circular polarization at the level of this first patch E, which in turn excites the resonator multi-elements (P1 ... P12) by electromagnetic coupling. Magnetic currents on the periphery of the element exciter E excites currents in elements P1 to P12.
  • the desired polarization is controlled and reinforced by the multi-element resonator (P1, ... P12), which gives a very high purity of polarization at the same time than increased directivity, thanks to greater radiant opening, as well as optimized performance.
  • a first patch exciter E on the upper face of a first substrate dielectric D1 having a ground plane M on its face opposite, is excited by means of excitation which include, in this example, coaxial connectors C.
  • Excitation of element E generates magnetic currents on its periphery, which, by electromagnetic coupling, in turn excite currents in the elements resonators R1, ... R6 of the neighboring level.
  • the coupling between the elements of a level results from the geometry of the different patches, and the geometry relative to their layout, as described in the request n ° 93 03502 in the name of the Applicant.
  • the coupling between elements of different levels will function of the overlap of the elements of neighboring levels (as it appears in Figure 9), and the height dielectric (H1, H2) which separates the elements, as well as the dielectric constant of each substrate (D1, D2, D3, ).
  • Figures 11 and 12 we see in section and in plan respectively an example of an embodiment according to the invention, which comprises a plurality of levels (D2, D3) each comprising a multiplicity of radiating elements (R1, ... R6; P1, ... P1 respectively).
  • the realization of Figures 11 and 12 includes the features of the figures 7.8 and 9.10.
  • the elements P1, ... P6 have a particular shape and layout, those a polarization grid, to improve and control the polarization emitted as in Figures 7 and 8.
  • the lower level of the radiating structure disposed on a dielectric substrate D1, comprises the means excitation (not shown) of an excitation patch E as well that a ground plane (M); the plurality of stacked substrates from above (D2, D3) has multi-element resonators with a larger surface area on each substrate according to the position of the substrate in the structure, according to the normal sense of radiation from the antenna.
  • the geometry of the patches and their relative arrangement, as well as the relative heights H1 / H2 / H3 of the substrates dielectric are important parameters that allow to obtain a variable directivity and a response in frequency, according to rules within the reach of man art.
  • the dielectric constant is a parameter of coupling control and therefore affects all performance of the antenna.
  • the dielectric constants of the different levels can be all the same, or on the contrary, chosen to reduce the thickness of dielectric between two patches on adjoining levels.
  • the examples in the previous figures are based on simple geometries in each level of resonators multi-element, and on three levels of planar substrates.
  • the invention can be used on curved substrates or conformed, with geometries of patches and their more or less complicated relative provision, depending on the design of the radiant element for a mission given.
  • the invention can also use four, see five or more substrates for building a structure radiant with an even wider radiating opening.
  • the total thickness of the structure should remain preferably relatively modest, to meet the needs of the targeted fields of application, notably in space.
  • the results of the measurements carried out on the structure of FIGS. 11 and 12 are given by the curves plotted in FIG. 13 and summarized in the following table.
  • the different curves represent the directivity for the different azimuth angles, that is to say the amplitude measured, relative to an isotropic antenna (in dB / ISO), as a function of the angle d elevation which is given on the abscissa.
  • the levels in cross polarization according to the elevation are plotted in dotted lines.
  • the secondary lobes are absent from these curves because they are smaller than the scale of these graphics.
  • the radiating structure according to the invention provides important advantages in terms of design and implementation antennas, in particular by eliminating the need for complex structures of distribution among the members of a sub-network of radiating elements.
  • the radiating elements are powered only by electromagnetic coupling, and these are the parameters of this coupling which determines the law of illumination.
  • the directivity can thus take intermediate values between the discrete values obtained by the techniques distribution classics.

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  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Strahlende Mehrschichtenstruktur mit Mikrostreifentechnologie für Gruppenantennen, wobei diese Struktur umfaßt:
    eine Vielzahl von Ebenen, wovon eine untere Ebene und wenigstens eine obere Ebene in einem oberen Teil enthalten sind,
    eine Vielzahl von strahlenden Elementen (R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6; R21, R22, R23, R24, R25, R26), die im oberen Teil angeordnet sind,
    und Mittel (E, D1, C, M) zur elektromagnetischen Erregung dieser strahlenen Elemente, die in der unteren Ebene angeordnet sind;
    wobei diese strahlenden Elemente durch eine Verteilung der elekromagnetischen Erregungsenergie zwischen den Elementen erregt werden, wobei die Verteilung durch eine elektromagnetische Kopplung zwischen den Elementen bewirkt wird, wobei der obere Teil wenigstene zwei obere Ebenen umfaßt, wobei die strahlenden Elemente auf einer Vielzahl von dielektrischen Substraten (D2, D3, ...) verteilt sind, die durch aufeinanderfolgende Ebenen zu einer strahlenden Mehrschichtenstruktur gestapelt sind, wobei diese strahlende Mehrschichtenstruktur selbst auf den Erregungsmitteln angeordnet ist, die in der unteren Ebene angeordnet sind,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jedes dielektrische Substrat (D2, D3, ...) des oberen Teils mehrere strahlende Elemente (R1, ...R6; R21, ....R26) aufweist und daß die Struktur derart zusammengesetzt ist, daß jedes folgende dielektrische Substrat strahlende Elemente auf einer Oberfläche aufweist, die größer als die ist, die von den strahlenden Elementen der vorhergehenden Ebene eingenommen wird, wobei von einer ersten unteren Ebene ausgegangen wird, die die Erregungsmittel (E, D1, C, M) enthält.
  2. Strahlende Struktur nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet daß sie keine spezifischen Mittel zur Verteilung der elektromagnetischen Erregungsenergie zwischen den Elementen aufweist, wobei diese Verteilung allein durch eine Kopplung der von jedem Element erzeugten magnetischen Ströme bewirkt wird.
  3. Strahlende Struktur nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie keine spezifischen Mittel zur Kopplung der elektromagnetischen Erregungsenergie zwischen den Ebenen umfaßt wobei diese Erregung allein durch eine Kopplung der magnetischen Ströme bewirkt wird, die von den Elementen der direkt darunterliegenden Ebene erzeugt werden, die die Elemente der direkt darüberliegenden Ebene erregen.
  4. Strahlende Struktur nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die untere Ebene einen einzigen strahlenden Pflasterstein (E) aufweist, der von den Erregungsmitteln (C) erregt wird und der wiederum die strahlenden Elemente (R1, ... R6) der nächsten Ebene erregt, und so weiter.
  5. Strahlende Struktur nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der erste strahlende Pflasterstein (E), der sich auf der unteren Ebene der Mehrschichtenstruktur befindet, so gespeist wird, daß er die gewünschte Polarisation abstrahlt.
  6. Strahlende Struktur nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die strahlenden Elemente wenigstens einer der oberen Ebenen so angeordnet sind, daß sie eine strahlende Struktur bilden, die fähig ist, die Polarisaticn der ausgesandten Strahlung zu verstärken und zu verfeinern.
  7. Strahlende Struktur nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die strahlenden Elemente (R21, ...R26) einer oberen Ebene die strahlenden Elemente (R1, ... R6) einer direkt darunterliegenden Ebene teilweise überdecken, wenn sie in Projektion gemäß der Stapelrichtung der Ebenen betrachtet wird, und daß die Kopplung zwischen den Elementen von benachbarten Ebenen durch den Prozentsatz der Überdeckung dieser Elemente in den Zonen der magnetischen Ströme sowie durch die Diecke und die dielektrischen Eigenschaften der Separatoren gelenkt wird.
  8. Strahlende Struktur nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Polarisation zirkular ist und daß sie durch Anwendung der Erregung durch sequentielle Drehung in der gekoppelten Struktur erhalten wird.
  9. Strahlende Struktur nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 6 oder B, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie mit einem polarisierenden Gitter ausgestattet ist.
  10. Strahlende Struktur nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die dielektrischen Substrate (D1, D2, D3, ...) im wesentlichen eben sind.
  11. Strahlende Struktur nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die dielektrischen Substrate (D1, D2, D3, ...) in 3 Dimensionen gestaltet sind.
  12. Elektromagnetische Antenne mit variabler Richtcharakteristik, die wenigstens eine Vielzahl von strahlenden Elementen umfaßt, die zu einer strahlenden Struktur nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11 gestaltet sind.
EP94401183A 1993-06-03 1994-05-30 Strahlende Mehrschichtenstruktur mit variabelem Strahlungsdiagramm Expired - Lifetime EP0627783B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9306660A FR2706085B1 (fr) 1993-06-03 1993-06-03 Structure rayonnante multicouches à directivité variable.
FR9306660 1993-06-03

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0627783A1 EP0627783A1 (de) 1994-12-07
EP0627783B1 true EP0627783B1 (de) 1998-10-14

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US (1) US5497164A (de)
EP (1) EP0627783B1 (de)
DE (1) DE69413882T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2125420T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2706085B1 (de)

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Publication number Publication date
DE69413882D1 (de) 1998-11-19
FR2706085A1 (fr) 1994-12-09
ES2125420T3 (es) 1999-03-01
DE69413882T2 (de) 1999-06-02
EP0627783A1 (de) 1994-12-07
FR2706085B1 (fr) 1995-07-07
US5497164A (en) 1996-03-05

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