Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61D—VETERINARY INSTRUMENTS, IMPLEMENTS, TOOLS, OR METHODS
  • A61D7/00—Devices or methods for introducing solid, liquid, or gaseous remedies or other materials into or onto the bodies of animals
  • A61D7/04—Devices for anaesthetising animals by gases or vapours; Inhaling devices

Definitions

• the invention relates to a new device for nebulizing therapeutic substances, intended for the treatment of infections and / or respiratory disorders.
• aerosol therapy allows rapid obtaining, at the level of the deep respiratory tract, of a maximum concentration of therapeutic substances while avoiding the systemic effects of this substance.
• the aerosol can be defined as a two-phase system consisting of a continuous gas phase (usually air) and a discontinuous phase (usually liquid) of individual particles.
• the majority of aerosols are hetero-dispersed or polydispersed aerosols, the size of the particles of which is generally not uniform.
• the size of the particles generated by this system conditions the penetration and deposition of these particles in the respiratory system. Depending on their size, the particles can reach different sites in the respiratory system.
• the table below shows the different deposition sites reached depending on the size of the inhaled particles.
• endotracheal intubation and tracheostomy are techniques which, in human medicine, make it possible to avoid the filtration process carried out by the nasal cavities, but which cannot be easily applied to the veterinary medicine (Brain et al., Aerosols in Medicine, Chapter 5, Moren F., Newhouse M.., Dolovich MB, Elsevier, 1985, 336).
• the first two types of aerosolizers are known in human medicine, but unusable in rural veterinary medicine.
• nebulizers a distinction is made between ultrasonic nebulizers and pneumatic nebulizers.
• the ultrasonic nebulizer comprises a piezoelectric transducer which vibrates at high frequency under the effect of an alternating electric field produced by an electronic oscillator. By successive contiguity, these vibrations are transmitted to the solution to be nebulized. When the vibration intensity is high enough, it will forms a column of liquid, from which a cloud of particles is emitted.
• ultrasonic nebulizers are most often reserved for hospital environments.
• Pneumatic nebulizers (such as the type of sor provisionbuli- Hudson ®) all belong to the same principle: a capillary tube immersed in a liquid and the drop beading at the top of the capillary is sprayed (action Venturi) by an air jet or relaxing at high flow.
• the diameter of the particles generated by the pneumatic nebulizer is inversely proportional to the gas flow. For most pneumatic nebulizers, a minimum flow of 6 l.min -1 is necessary to ensure a high quality / duration of treatment ratio.
• the flow rate as well as the particle size can also depend on the speed at which the patient inhales.
• these nebulizers are connected directly and individually to a source of compressed air and allow the inhalation of the treating product only in one nostril of the animal at a time.
• Patent application GB-A-211,838 describes a device for inhaling therapeutic substances for horses.
• This device comprises a completely hermetic mask placed on the nostrils of the animal and preventing the latter from breathing through the mouth.
• An ultrasonic atomizer placed on the mask, projects the therapeutic substance into the animal's nostrils at the rate of its breathing.
• Such a device has the drawback, by preventing the animal from breathing through the mouth, greatly reducing its comfort and making the administration of therapeutic substances more difficult.
• this device does not make it possible to adjust certain parameters (particle size, inhalation rate, etc.) adapted to the different types of infections or respiratory disorders to be treated.
• Such a device is therefore unsuitable for treating animals suffering from serious disorders such as respiratory distress, requiring nebulization in the nostrils of the animal of particles of size less than 1 ⁇ m; or perform treatment by mouth, upper respiratory tract (particles larger than 10 ⁇ m).
• US Pat. No. 2,843,119 describes a device intended for the administration of oxygen to an animal via a mask placed hermetically around the mouth and the nostrils thereof.
• This device comprises a nebulization system intended for the post-operative administration of therapeutic substances and connected via a flexible tube to the mask.
• this nebulization system connected via a long pipe to the mask, does not allow the administration of therapeutic substances into the deep respiratory tract.
• AIMS OF THE INVENTION The invention aims to provide a simple, quick to set up and inexpensive device allowing optimal nebulization of therapeutic substance (s) directly in the nostrils and / or in the mouth. from animal to treat, while preserving the comfort thereof.
• the purpose of the device according to the invention is to nebulize optimally at the level of the mouth and / or the nostrils of an animal one or more therapeutic substances in the form of particles whose mean aerodynamic diameter is between 100 and 0.01 ⁇ m.
• the object of the invention is to provide a device which does not hamper breathing through the mouth and / or the nostrils of the animal during its treatment.
• the invention also aims to provide a device for using several nebulizers connected together to a single source of compressed air supply.
• a complementary object of the invention consists in providing a device adaptable to any animal head which it is desired to treat.
• the invention relates to a device for nebulizing therapeutic substance (s), comprising a facial mask connected by a pneumatic line to a source of compressed air such as a dry and transportable air compressor, characterized in that that a nebulization chamber is disposed in the mask and comprises at least one nebulizer connected to the pneumatic line.
• the nebulization chamber comprises at least two nebulizers.
• connection between the pneumatic line and the nebulizer (s) consists of a cover obstructing the nebulization chamber and comprising at least one end piece connected by a seal to the nebulizers, so that by closing the cover or the nebulization chamber, each nebulizer is connected to a nozzle.
• the seal consists of a rubber membrane disposed between the nebulization chamber and its housing.
• the seal consists of a plastic or rubber teat fixed on the end of the end piece. preferably by screwing.
• the seal is held on the nozzle and / or on the lower end of the nebulizer by an O-ring fixing.
• the facial mask comprises a deformation for housing an interchangeable garni ⁇ ture adapted to the head of the animal.
• the facial mask according to the invention also includes attachment straps.
• the pneumatic line of the device according to the invention comprises a flow regulator arranged between the mask and the source of compressed air.
• This facial mask also has one or more openings for breathing through the nostrils and / or the mouth and / or for the saliva flow from the animal.
• the therapeutic substances are nebulized by the device according to the invention in the form of particles whose aerodynamic massai median diameter is between 100 and 0.01 ⁇ m.
• FIG. 1 shows a schematic sectional view of the device of the invention.
• FIG. 2 shows another partial sectional view of the device of the invention.
• FIG. 3 shows a partial sectional view of another embodiment of the device of the invention.
• - Figure 4 shows a sectional view of a seal disposed between the nebulizer and the nozzle in the device according to the invention.
• - Figures 5 to 8 show the distribution of the size ( ⁇ m) and the speed (m / s) of physiological water particles nebulized by the device according to the invention, depending on the air flow administered (bars). Description of a preferred embodiment of the invention
• the device according to the invention shown in FIG. 1 comprises a facial mask 1 connected by a pneumatic line 2 to an air compressor 3.
• facial mask is meant a mask completely covering the mouth and nostrils of the animal to be treated.
• Several masks can be connected to the same compressor and be easily transported in the same case to their place of use.
• the arrangement of the nebulization chamber 4 in the facial mask 1 makes it possible to advantageously solve the problems caused by the movements of the animal when the nebulization chamber is connected to the transportable dry air compressor (not lubricated).
• the device according to the invention allows optimization of the therapeutic effects of the nebulized substance since it is dispersed directly in the nostrils and / or in the mouth of the treated animal and because the size of the particles generated by these nebulizers as well as the flow of these undergo small variations whatever the movements of the animal.
• This device thus allows the administration of effective and constant doses to the treated animal.
• nebulizers 5 type Hudson ® can compor- ter deflectors whose presence and position permet ⁇ tent increase the fraction optimal particles in the respiratory tract.
• the use of two nebulizers is particularly advantageous because it allows the simultaneous administration of different therapeutic substances.
• the two nebulizers 5 are connected to the pneumatic line 2 and to the air compressor 3 by a hollow cover 6 obstructing the nebulization chamber 4.
• the cover 6 has two end pieces 7 connected by a seal 8 to the two nebulizers 5 so that by closing the cover 6 or the nebulization chamber
• each nebulizer 5 is connected to a nozzle 7.
• the seal according to the invention consists, for example, of a rubber membrane arranged as shown in FIG. 2, between the nebulization chamber 4 and its cover 6.
• An alternative embodiment of the invention shown in Figure 3 includes a plastic or rubber nipple 10 attached to the end of the nozzle 1, so that when the cover 6 is closed on the chamber nebulization 4, each nebulizer 5 pierces with its lower end 12 the upper part 13 of the teat
• the seal 8 is advantageously secured on the endpiece by an O-ring for fixing 11.
• the seal is fixed to the nozzle 7 by screwing and the lower end 12 of the nebulizer 11 is held in the seal 8 by an O-ring of fixing 11.
• the facial mask 1 made of reinforced polyester, PVC or any other plastic material, is designed to conform to the shape of the head of the animal to be treated.
• this mask comprises, facing its opening 14, a deformation 15 intended for housing an interchangeable lining 20 adapted to the head of the animal.
• This closed cell foam filling increases the comfort of the animal and prevents any contamination of the external environment by the nebulized product.
• the facial mask 1 is quickly placed on the animal thanks to a system of straps 16 attached with the help of mous ⁇ quetons 17 to a chain placed at the neck of the animal.
• the device according to the invention also includes other elements which contribute to the comfort of the animal and / or which make it possible to facilitate its treatment.
• the facial mask can in particular be equipped with openings (21, 22) for breathing through the nostrils and / or the mouth and / or for the flow of the animal's saliva and a window (not shown) allowing to check whether the entire liquid phase contained in the nebulizer has been nebulized in the nostrils of the animal.
• the pneumatic line 2 also comprises placed between the air compressor 3 and the facial mask 1, a flow regulator 18 as well as a pressure gauge 19, making it possible to control the pressure and the air flow supplying the facial mask.
• a flow regulator 18 as well as a pressure gauge 19, making it possible to control the pressure and the air flow supplying the facial mask.
• the appended figures represent the particle size distribution ( ⁇ m) and their speed (m / s) following the nebulization of physiological water at the pressure of 6 bars
• the device according to the invention therefore allows to adapt according to the type of animal and / or the type of infection or respiratory disorders to be treated, the size of the nebulized particles as well as the rate of aspiration of therapeutic substances by the animal.
• this device also makes it possible to treat serious disorders such as pulmonary distress which require the provision of adapted delivery rates (50 l / minute) in the best conditions of comfort.
• the air compressor can also be equipped with a heating resistor which advantageously makes it possible to use the device according to the invention in the open air and at low temperatures.
• the device of the invention can be advantageously used in the treatment of certain respiratory ailments such as chronic obstructive bronchial diseases of the horse or Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome of cattle.

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• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
• Anesthesiology (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Zoology (AREA)
• Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Public Health (AREA)
• Medicinal Preparation (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Publications (2)

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Family Applications (1)

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• 1992
  • 1992-01-21 BE BE9200057A patent/BE1006103A3/fr active
• 1993
  • 1993-01-21 WO PCT/BE1993/000004 patent/WO1993013730A1/fr active IP Right Grant
  • 1993-01-21 DE DE69312473T patent/DE69312473T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1993-01-21 EP EP93901076A patent/EP0623011B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1993-01-21 DK DK93901076T patent/DK0623011T3/da active

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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