EP0621345A1 - Procédé et dispositif pour le traitement thermique de pièces - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif pour le traitement thermique de pièces Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0621345A1
EP0621345A1 EP94105995A EP94105995A EP0621345A1 EP 0621345 A1 EP0621345 A1 EP 0621345A1 EP 94105995 A EP94105995 A EP 94105995A EP 94105995 A EP94105995 A EP 94105995A EP 0621345 A1 EP0621345 A1 EP 0621345A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
objects
heat treatment
carrier unit
heating
subjected
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP94105995A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Hans Dipl.-Ing. Veltrop
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hauzer Holding BV
Original Assignee
Hauzer Holding BV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hauzer Holding BV filed Critical Hauzer Holding BV
Publication of EP0621345A1 publication Critical patent/EP0621345A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/0006—Details, accessories not peculiar to any of the following furnaces
    • C21D9/0018—Details, accessories not peculiar to any of the following furnaces for charging, discharging or manipulation of charge
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
    • C21D1/767—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material with forced gas circulation; Reheating thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
    • C21D1/773—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material under reduced pressure or vacuum
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B17/00—Furnaces of a kind not covered by any preceding group
    • F27B17/0016—Chamber type furnaces
    • F27B17/0083—Chamber type furnaces with means for circulating the atmosphere
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B5/00—Muffle furnaces; Retort furnaces; Other furnaces in which the charge is held completely isolated
    • F27B5/06—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/0037—Rotary furnaces with vertical axis; Furnaces with rotating floor

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for the heat treatment of objects in a vacuum furnace, in particular for hardening, high-temperature soldering and annealing, in which the respective objects are heated to a predeterminable temperature by convection heat and / or radiation energy during a heating-up phase, are kept at this temperature at least substantially for a certain period of time and then in a cooling-down phase using a cooling gas passed through the furnace with a predeterminable and preferably controllable cooling rate be cooled to a temperature which enables the objects to be unloaded. Furthermore, the invention is directed to an apparatus for performing this method.
  • convection heating is usually first carried out up to a temperature of approximately 850 ° C., whereupon the heating of the hardened material is continued by means of heating elements which supply radiation energy.
  • heating elements which supply radiation energy.
  • One reason for this is that an effective, more uniform heat transfer by convection is possible in the lower temperature ranges up to about 500 ° C to 600 ° C and a uniform heat transfer by radiant heating is possible in the upper temperature ranges.
  • the vacuum furnace charged with a batch to be subjected to the heat treatment can then be cooled in a controlled manner, the respective batch often having to be rapidly cooled at a specific, predetermined cooling rate in order to obtain the material subjected to the heat treatment, for example a Hardness to impart certain properties.
  • the cooling of the respective objects is generally carried out using an inert gas, for example using nitrogen, argon, helium or mixtures of these gases, frequently using high-pressure gas quenching.
  • an inert gas for example using nitrogen, argon, helium or mixtures of these gases, frequently using high-pressure gas quenching.
  • the respective medium is introduced into the receiving chamber of the vacuum oven through openings or nozzles, with attempts being made to heat as uniformly as possible by using a large number of such openings or nozzles or to achieve cooling.
  • the circulated cooling gas is passed through a heat exchanger and thus cooled by convection.
  • the gas pressure can vary in the range from - 0.7 bar to + 20 bar or more.
  • the object of the invention is to further develop the method of the type mentioned at the outset such that the uniformity of the desired temperature increase in the heating phase and the required temperature reduction in the cooling phase is significantly improved, in conjunction with the possibility of shortening the time period of the heating phase and the to minimize overall deformations while ensuring homogeneous heat treatment, in particular homogeneous hardening.
  • This object is essentially achieved according to the invention in that by changing the positioning of the objects arranged in the vacuum oven, at least during part of the heating and / or cooling phase, the heating and / or cooling gas flows toward varying areas of the heat treatment, in particular the hardening subjecting objects directed and in particular of these objects be distracted in changing directions.
  • the objects to be subjected to the heat treatment are not only exposed to different heating and / or cooling gas flows resulting from a multiplicity of inlet nozzles due to their change in position, but these objects are simultaneously used as variable flow deflection and turbulence generating elements, which results in a surprising uniformity is achieved in the heating and especially in the cooling phase, which leads to the avoidance of hard cracks, uneven hardness values and disruptive deformations, especially with large-area and difficult-to-shape parts and also in critical cases, post-processing operations to eliminate deformations.
  • Another significant advantage of the method according to the invention is that even in the event of a heating element failure or in the event of a nozzle clogging, there are no significant deteriorations, since the changes in position of the material to be subjected to the heat treatment inevitably compensate and local effects of such an error be compensated.
  • the invention is preferably used for hardening objects, but is not restricted to this application.
  • the change in the positioning of the objects to be hardened is preferably carried out by a continuous and / or a discontinuous movement of a carrier unit for the hardened material, which is generally supplied in batches, relative to the walls of a hardened material holding chamber, so that the hardened material is in relation to existing radiation organs and especially in relation to the large number of openings or nozzles provided in the region of the walls of the chamber, and thus a preferred position Illumination of certain batch areas or a preferred application of certain areas of the batch with cooling medium are avoided and, at the same time, a constantly changing, turbulence-forming structure is created with respect to the gases flowing into the chamber.
  • the carrier unit can be set in a rotating movement, a forward-backward movement, an up and down movement and / or in a pendulum movement, and it is also possible to superimpose these types of movement on one another in order to achieve the best possible result in each case.
  • a device for carrying out the method according to the invention consists in the usual way of a vacuum chamber which can be loaded with hardened material, an arrangement for supplying hot gas and arranged in the chamber, radiant heat-generating heating elements and an arrangement for supplying cooling gas, for which gas supply a plurality of in the Hardness-receiving space openings or nozzles are provided.
  • at least one support unit for the objects to be hardened which can be set in motion during the heating and / or cooling phase is provided in the hardening material receiving space and is connected to an external drive via a vacuum-tight passage.
  • This carrier unit and the drive assigned to it are designed so that the carrier unit can be driven to rotate and / or to raise and lower.
  • the method according to the invention and also the device intended for its execution can be used both with continuous heating and cooling, with alternating heating and cooling or with heating and / or cooling taking place in stages, whereby the advantages described are always achieved, particularly in the The heating and cooling of the elements to be hardened and the resulting, particularly homogeneous hardening are evened out and can be seen, in particular, in the minimization of deformations which occur, since the latter leads to considerable economic advantages, especially in the case of critical products, and costly reworking is unnecessary.
  • the device comprises a vacuum chamber identified by the general reference number 1, which is essentially cylindrical, is arranged horizontally or vertically and has a loading opening which can be closed in a vacuum-tight manner. Arrangements are also provided for supplying hot gas and for supplying cooling gas.
  • heating elements 5 for generating radiation energy, and these heating elements 5 are arranged so that radiation heating of the entire batch is possible.
  • the heating elements 5 are supplied via current feedthroughs 13.
  • a plurality of openings or nozzles 7 are provided in the walls of the hardening material receiving space 2, which are filled with hot gas or cooling gas can be fed, the supply of cooling gas via a line 6 and the discharge via an outlet 12. Because of this large number of nozzles 7, it is possible to expose the respective batch of objects to be hardened from different sides.
  • At least one table-shaped support unit 3 is provided on the bottom side in the receiving space 2, which is supported on a support bearing 8 and is rotatably supported.
  • the drive axis 11 of this carrier unit 3 is guided to the outside via a vacuum-tight feedthrough 9 and coupled to a drive 10.
  • This drive 10 can be designed such that it drives the carrier unit 3 at low speed, for example a speed of about one revolution per minute, and measures can be taken to additionally superimpose an up and down movement on this rotary movement.
  • the speed mentioned is only an example, and it is possible to select the rotational movement and an additional movement possibly superimposed on this rotational movement in such a way that the optimum results can be achieved depending on the particular operating case.
  • fixed receptacles for objects to be hardened without problems can also be provided in a hardening material receiving space.
  • the invention can be used in a particularly advantageous manner in the heat treatment of rotating body parts, specifically in hardening, annealing, soldering and the use of diffusion techniques in a vacuum furnace.
  • the carrier units can also be designed in the form of substrate tables that allow loading and unloading with conventional loading and unloading devices.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)
EP94105995A 1993-04-19 1994-04-18 Procédé et dispositif pour le traitement thermique de pièces Withdrawn EP0621345A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19934312627 DE4312627A1 (de) 1993-04-19 1993-04-19 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Wärmebehandlung von Gegenständen
DE4312627 1993-04-19

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0621345A1 true EP0621345A1 (fr) 1994-10-26

Family

ID=6485745

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94105995A Withdrawn EP0621345A1 (fr) 1993-04-19 1994-04-18 Procédé et dispositif pour le traitement thermique de pièces

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0621345A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE4312627A1 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0662519A1 (fr) * 1994-01-07 1995-07-12 Leybold Durferrit GmbH Appareil de traitement thermique de pièces
EP1627696A1 (fr) * 2004-08-05 2006-02-22 Schwartz, Eva Dispositif et méthode de chauffage des filières d'extrusion avant montage dans une presse d'extrusion
US7393205B2 (en) 2005-11-04 2008-07-01 Eva Schwartz Device and method for heating up extrusion dies prior to their installation in an extruder
CN104176919A (zh) * 2014-08-22 2014-12-03 徐良 一种新型真空玻璃生产用真空釜

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE29603022U1 (de) * 1996-02-21 1996-04-18 Ipsen Industries International GmbH, 47533 Kleve Vorrichtung zum Abschrecken metallischer Werkstücke
DE102005045783A1 (de) * 2005-09-23 2007-03-29 Sistem Teknik Endustriyel Elektronik Sistemler Sanayi Ve Ticaret Ltd. Sirketi Einkammer-Vakuumofen mit Wasserstoffabschreckung

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR719017A (fr) * 1931-06-23 1932-02-01 Perfectionnements aux fours industriels
US3390866A (en) * 1967-08-08 1968-07-02 Western Electric Co Apparatus for agitating articles
GB2032082A (en) * 1978-09-13 1980-04-30 Degussa A vacuum furnace comprising a gas cooling system
FR2440994A1 (fr) * 1978-11-08 1980-06-06 Renault Machine automatique pour le traitement thermique de pieces et procede de mise en oeuvre
EP0129701A1 (fr) * 1983-06-22 1985-01-02 Schmetz GmbH & Co. KG Unternehmensverwaltung Dispositif pour le refroidissement d'une charge, en particulier de pièces métalliques
JPS61243115A (ja) * 1985-04-18 1986-10-29 Daido Steel Co Ltd 真空熱処理装置
JPH02267216A (ja) * 1989-04-08 1990-11-01 Ulvac Corp 真空熱処理炉

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FI42012B (fr) * 1966-07-13 1969-12-31 Outokumpu Oy
DE2346909A1 (de) * 1973-09-18 1975-03-27 Werner Herdieckerhoff Gluehtop Durchlaufofen
JPS589806B2 (ja) * 1977-03-30 1983-02-23 住友電気工業株式会社 粉末冶金用焼結炉
DE3215509A1 (de) * 1982-04-26 1983-10-27 Schmetz Industrieofenbau und Vakuum-Hartlöttechnik KG, 5750 Menden Vakuum-kammerofen
DE3346884A1 (de) * 1983-12-23 1985-07-11 Ipsen Industries International Gmbh, 4190 Kleve Industrieofen zur waermebehandlung metallischer werkstuecke
JPH0633944B2 (ja) * 1985-05-27 1994-05-02 大同特殊鋼株式会社 ロ−ラハ−ス式真空炉
SU1411106A1 (ru) * 1986-11-17 1988-07-23 Предприятие П/Я В-2190 Вакуумна печь дл нагрева крупногабаритных панелей
US5172849A (en) * 1991-09-25 1992-12-22 General Motors Corporation Method and apparatus for convection brazing of aluminum heat exchangers

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR719017A (fr) * 1931-06-23 1932-02-01 Perfectionnements aux fours industriels
US3390866A (en) * 1967-08-08 1968-07-02 Western Electric Co Apparatus for agitating articles
GB2032082A (en) * 1978-09-13 1980-04-30 Degussa A vacuum furnace comprising a gas cooling system
FR2440994A1 (fr) * 1978-11-08 1980-06-06 Renault Machine automatique pour le traitement thermique de pieces et procede de mise en oeuvre
EP0129701A1 (fr) * 1983-06-22 1985-01-02 Schmetz GmbH & Co. KG Unternehmensverwaltung Dispositif pour le refroidissement d'une charge, en particulier de pièces métalliques
JPS61243115A (ja) * 1985-04-18 1986-10-29 Daido Steel Co Ltd 真空熱処理装置
JPH02267216A (ja) * 1989-04-08 1990-11-01 Ulvac Corp 真空熱処理炉

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 11, no. 89 (C - 411) 19 March 1987 (1987-03-19) *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 15, no. 27 (C - 797) 22 January 1991 (1991-01-22) *

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0662519A1 (fr) * 1994-01-07 1995-07-12 Leybold Durferrit GmbH Appareil de traitement thermique de pièces
EP1627696A1 (fr) * 2004-08-05 2006-02-22 Schwartz, Eva Dispositif et méthode de chauffage des filières d'extrusion avant montage dans une presse d'extrusion
US7393205B2 (en) 2005-11-04 2008-07-01 Eva Schwartz Device and method for heating up extrusion dies prior to their installation in an extruder
CN104176919A (zh) * 2014-08-22 2014-12-03 徐良 一种新型真空玻璃生产用真空釜

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE4312627A1 (de) 1994-10-20

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