EP0617134B1 - Procédé pour la refusion de zones de surface de pièces à usiner - Google Patents

Procédé pour la refusion de zones de surface de pièces à usiner Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0617134B1
EP0617134B1 EP94104259A EP94104259A EP0617134B1 EP 0617134 B1 EP0617134 B1 EP 0617134B1 EP 94104259 A EP94104259 A EP 94104259A EP 94104259 A EP94104259 A EP 94104259A EP 0617134 B1 EP0617134 B1 EP 0617134B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fusion
process according
workpiece
zone
melting
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP94104259A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0617134A1 (fr
Inventor
Klaus Dr. Ing. Heck
Rolf Dr. Ing. Zenker
Norbert Dipl.-Ing. Frenkler
Klaus Dipl.-Phys. Schädlich
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sachsische Elektronenstrahl GmbH
Audi AG
Original Assignee
Sachsische Elektronenstrahl GmbH
Audi AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sachsische Elektronenstrahl GmbH, Audi AG filed Critical Sachsische Elektronenstrahl GmbH
Publication of EP0617134A1 publication Critical patent/EP0617134A1/fr
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/06—Surface hardening
    • C21D1/09—Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energy; by particle radiation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D5/00—Heat treatments of cast-iron
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/30—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for crankshafts; for camshafts

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for remelting surface areas of workpieces made of iron materials, in particular cast iron with lamellar, spherical or other graphite precipitates, the surface of which has any shape and geometry.
  • an energy beam preferably electron beam
  • a preferred application is the hardening of the treads of camshafts.
  • DD-A-130 115 describes e.g. remelting of surface areas, in particular of aluminum casting materials, by means of a two-dimensionally deflected electron beam to form a line-shaped Melting zone with steam capillary arranged therein, wherein the remelting zone is deeper than wide. It can also Process divided into two phases become; a solid phase and a downstream melting phase (DD 270 090). However, this procedure does not guarantee, even at high apparatus expenditure, a pore-free, uniform and specifically adjustable Hardness depth for iron materials.
  • the invention has for its object a method for remelting of surface areas of workpieces, especially cast iron with lamellar, spherical or other graphite deposits, with to create any surface.
  • an energy beam preferably electron beam
  • the surface should be partial defined in their properties by generating melting tracks to be changed. Surface deformations larger than 0.4 mm should not occur.
  • the surface must be non-porous.
  • the workpiece especially cast iron with a high carbon content, prevents the formation of gas-enclosing pores due to the Melt "opening" effect of the metal vapor capillaries in the longitudinal axis of the energy beam penetrating into the surface of the workpiece.
  • temperature control affects the edge areas stabilize the capillaries of the generated melt path to let.
  • a critical temperature value is not exceeded as a result.
  • This critical temperature is determined by the melting temperature of the lowest melting components of the material. (A means the width of the unmelted edge area on both sides of the melting path and d s the diameter of the entire energy beam.)
  • the method according to the invention results in the the embodiments described the possibility of by influencing the general conditions of the material larger Melting speed and thus greater economy of the To achieve procedure with the same pore clearance.
  • Through micro cuts The freedom from pores could run across and long to the melting path be detected.
  • Fig. 1 is on the surface of a workpiece 1 made of gray cast iron a certain area remelting lamellar graphite without Pores arise.
  • the workpiece 1 is heated to a temperature of approx. Heated to 450 ° C.
  • the energy density ED of the electron beam 2 is set at 45 Ws / mm 2 and the power flux density P is set at 2 ⁇ 10 3 W / mm 2 .
  • the melting path 3 has a depth (h) of 2 mm and a head width b of 1.5 mm, that is to say the depth / head width ratio is 1.3: 1.
  • a heated zone in, forms on both sides of the melting path 3 which has a temperature of approx. 1080 ° C, with a width of approx. 0.5 mm.
  • the volume of the melting path 3 in the entire depth b of the original melting volume is pore-free.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Welding Or Cutting Using Electron Beams (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Procédé pour la refusion de zones de surface de pièces à usiner formées de matériaux ferreux, notamment de fonte de fer, selon lequel on forme des zones de zone de fusion ayant une largeur définie b, égale de préférence à 2,5 mm, en utilisant un faisceau d'énergie dévié d'une manière bidimensionnelle, de préférence un faisceau d'électrons, dont le diamètre est inférieur à la largeur b de la zone de fusion, et selon lequel on forme une zone de fusion en forme de coin, qui entoure un capillaire à vapeur, qui se forme sous l'action du faisceau d'électrons, et selon lequel on choisit les paramètres du faisceau d'énergie et la vitesse d'avance de manière à ne pas dépasser une valeur critique de la température dans l'étroite zone influencée thermiquement, qui apparaít dans l'environnement de la zone de fusion produite et est déterminée par la température de fusion des constituants de structure, qui ont le plus bas point de fusion, notamment la température de surface, à une distance a du bord de la bande de fusion 0 < a ≤ b/2 et qu'on choisit la densité d'énergie (ED) entre 35 et 200 W/mm2 du faisceau d'énergie, on choisit la vitesse d'avance de refusion (V) supérieure à 10 mm/s et on choisit le rapport profondeur / largeur (h:b) de la zone de fusion ≥ 1:1.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'on crée la bande de fusion au centre de la surface de la pièce à usiner, dans la zone dont des caractéristiques particulières doivent être modifiées.
  3. Procédé selon les revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce qu'on crée la bande de fusion avec chevauchement au niveau de son début de son extrémité, au-dessus de la zone de la pièce à usiner.
  4. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1-3, caractérisé en ce qu'on crée la bande de fusion de manière qu'elle ait une allure sinueuse ou ondulée sur la surface de la pièce à usiner.
  5. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1-4, caractérisé en ce qu'on applique le faisceau d'énergie produisant la bande de fusion sous un angle α atteignant jusqu'à 45° par rapport à la surface de la pièce à usiner.
  6. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1-5, caractérisé en ce qu'on crée côte-à-côte plusieurs bandes de fusion sur la surface de la pièce à usiner.
  7. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1-6, caractérisé en ce qu'on chauffe la pièce à usiner à une température > 400°C avant la production de la bande de fusion.
  8. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que lors de la fusion de fonte grise contenant du graphite lamellaire, on utilise un matériau avec une taille maximale des séparations de graphite de 100 µm et lors de la fusion de fonte de fer avec un graphite sphéroïdal, on utilise un matériau avec un diamètre maximum des sphères de 40 µm.
EP94104259A 1993-03-26 1994-03-18 Procédé pour la refusion de zones de surface de pièces à usiner Expired - Lifetime EP0617134B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4309870A DE4309870A1 (de) 1993-03-26 1993-03-26 Verfahren zum Umschmelzen von Oberflächenbereichen von Werkstücken
DE4309870 1993-03-26

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0617134A1 EP0617134A1 (fr) 1994-09-28
EP0617134B1 true EP0617134B1 (fr) 1999-06-09

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94104259A Expired - Lifetime EP0617134B1 (fr) 1993-03-26 1994-03-18 Procédé pour la refusion de zones de surface de pièces à usiner

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EP (1) EP0617134B1 (fr)
DE (2) DE4309870A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19637464C1 (de) 1996-09-13 1997-10-09 Fraunhofer Ges Forschung Verschleißbeständige Nockenwelle und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung
DE19909184C2 (de) * 1999-03-03 2001-08-30 Saechsische Elektronenstrahl G Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Nockenwelle und danach hergestellte Nockenwelle
DE19919611C2 (de) * 1999-04-17 2001-04-26 Saechsische Elektronenstrahl G Verfahren zum Umschmelzen von Oberflächen mittels Ladungsträgerstrahlen

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2344270A1 (de) * 1973-09-01 1975-03-27 Audi Nsu Auto Union Ag Verfahren zur verbesserung der verschleisseigenschaften der laufflaechen von graugussnockenwellen in brennkraftmaschinen
SU705699A2 (ru) * 1976-05-03 1979-12-25 Орденов Ленина И Трудового Красного Знамени Институт Электросварки Им. Е.О.Патона Установка дл электроннолучевого нагрева материалов
DD130115B1 (de) * 1977-03-11 1981-05-27 Siegfried Panzer Verfahren zur verhinderung des eintretens von dampfen, gaen und partikeln in elektronenstrahler
FI802179A (fi) * 1980-07-07 1982-01-08 Valmet Oy Foerfarande och anordning i framstaellningen av foeremaol av gjutjaern med haord yta i synnerhet av valsar saosom valsar foer staolindustrin eller papperskalandreringsvalsar samt enligt foerfarandet tillverkad vals eller dylik
DD238396A1 (de) * 1985-06-19 1986-08-20 Mikromat Dresden Fritz Heckert Verfahren zur herstellung verschleissfester gleitflaechen
JPS6233720A (ja) * 1985-08-08 1987-02-13 Toyota Motor Corp 再溶融チルカムシヤフトの製造方法
SU1694660A1 (ru) * 1987-06-18 1991-11-30 Ворошиловградский машиностроительный институт Способ термического упрочнени деталей
DD270087A1 (de) * 1988-03-21 1989-07-19 Ardenne Forschungsinst Verfahren zur thermischen oberflaechenhaertung mit energiestrahlen
DD270090A1 (de) * 1988-03-21 1989-07-19 Ardenne Forschungsinst Verfahren zur oberflaechenschmelzveredelung mit elektronenstrahlen
JPH06104846B2 (ja) * 1988-12-20 1994-12-21 マツダ株式会社 鋳鉄製摺動部材及びその製造方法
DE4130462C1 (en) * 1991-09-13 1992-08-27 Saechsische Elektronenstrahlgesellschaft Mbh, O-9005 Chemnitz, De Curved surfaces partic. of cams on camshafts - which are hardened by remelting under an electron beam which is moved in two dimensions at high frequency

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE59408379D1 (de) 1999-07-15
EP0617134A1 (fr) 1994-09-28
DE4309870A1 (de) 1994-09-29

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