EP0601451B1 - Procédé de durcissement et éventuellement de lissage de pièces de machine et pièces fabriquées selon ce procédé - Google Patents
Procédé de durcissement et éventuellement de lissage de pièces de machine et pièces fabriquées selon ce procédé Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0601451B1 EP0601451B1 EP93119338A EP93119338A EP0601451B1 EP 0601451 B1 EP0601451 B1 EP 0601451B1 EP 93119338 A EP93119338 A EP 93119338A EP 93119338 A EP93119338 A EP 93119338A EP 0601451 B1 EP0601451 B1 EP 0601451B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- accordance
- treatment
- laser
- cementite
- layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 39
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 title claims description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title description 11
- 229910001567 cementite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 37
- KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;methane Chemical compound C.[Fe].[Fe].[Fe] KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 37
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000446313 Lamella Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011837 pasties Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000859 sublimation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008022 sublimation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001349 ledeburite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229910001035 Soft ferrite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 229910001562 pearlite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013532 laser treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 206010013486 Distractibility Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000005255 carburizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000029142 excretion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035800 maturation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- QMQXDJATSGGYDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylidyneiron Chemical compound [C].[Fe] QMQXDJATSGGYDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005121 nitriding Methods 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007712 rapid solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/06—Surface hardening
- C21D1/09—Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energy; by particle radiation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D5/00—Heat treatments of cast-iron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/007—Ledeburite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/009—Pearlite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/30—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for crankshafts; for camshafts
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for hardening and possibly smoothing machine components using a cause surface heating of the respective component Beam, e.g. a laser beam, an electron beam or the beam of an arc lamp.
- Beam e.g. a laser beam, an electron beam or the beam of an arc lamp.
- a laser is basically considered to be high energy Heat source used for martensite hardening without thereby melting the surface of the treated components.
- induction hardening Operation performed examples of such processes are U.S. Patent Nos. 4,304,978, 4,093,842 and 4,686,349, and U.S. Pat German patent 33 43 783 and the Metal Science Heat Treatment 20, No. 7/8, 1978, Pages 544-546.
- martensite hardening leads to a martensitic Structure that is very hard, but a needle-like one Has structure so that it is not necessarily the ideal hard Surface with regard to abrasive and adhesive wear represents.
- the martensitic structure is therefore for Components such as camshafts and rocker arms are not the ideal Structure.
- DD-A-204 106 does not expressly say that the method mentioned there is martensite hardness.
- the specified hardness values (HV 0.05 ) are between 1500 and 1650.
- the surface to be hardened is sanded beforehand.
- the laser treatment converts both the steel (examples 1 and 2) and the cast iron (example 3) to the previously existing pearlite / ferrite structure without melting the surface. Graphite deposits in cast iron are not changed by laser treatment.
- Another category of processes includes laser layer melting.
- one on one The graphite layer applied to the substrate is melted into the layer Solidify or cool the substrate themselves carbides.
- the graphite carbon introduced into the layer molten state dissolves, a mixed crystal forms and when cooling with atoms of the substrate Cr, W, V, Mn, Fe forms carbides in the form of granular or dendritic
- excretions for example TiC (if the substrate is a Ti material) from the dissolved Graphite.
- An example of this procedure is the DE-OS 35 45 128.
- a high-power laser often a CO 2 laser, is used.
- DE-OS 39 32 328 is a method for the rest Machining of surfaces subjected to friction in Internal combustion engines, especially the cylinder surfaces known from piston engines, the area honed and additional is subjected to a laser beam treatment.
- This Laser beam treatment after honing is preferred by a pulsed excimer laser carried out, this treatment a surface evaporation of micro grooves while maintaining the macro grooves (oil-producing honing grooves) without unwanted remelting caused.
- DE-OS 39 32 398 does not mention one targeted "skin" in the nanometer range ( ⁇ 1 ⁇ m), i.e. in the order of 0.001 ⁇ m. Due to the extreme quenching rates it is usually oversaturated or already already amorphous and therefore possibly hard.
- the present one Invention based on the object, a method of provide the kind mentioned that the hardening and preferably also the simultaneous micro-smoothing of machine components, enables which either in the form of a Chilled cast part with ledeburitic structure or in the form of a Steel part with pearlitic structure are present, the Process is carried out so that a new structure is reached on the surface of the component, not only a hard and preferably also micro-smooth Surface offers, but also no post-processing requires, but a possible postprocessing for Special purposes is not excluded.
- the structural component By treatment with the respective working beam (laser, electron beam or arc lamp) is a structural component locally dough or it melts while the other structural components remain in the solid state.
- the structural component is which locally becomes dough or melts around the Areas between the large cementite slats and the Perlite. This is where the iron-carbon state diagram plays taking into account the imbalance ratios a crucial role.
- the treatment should be carried out in this way, i.e. in front everything so short that there are none in the boundary layer Homogeneous, e.g. form austenitic mixed crystals can, always enough cementite germs in the surface layer and must be present in the substrate so that when quenching (self-deterrence or possibly with With the help of a cold jet) always cementite and not Austenite is formed.
- Homogeneous e.g. form austenitic mixed crystals can, always enough cementite germs in the surface layer and must be present in the substrate so that when quenching (self-deterrence or possibly with With the help of a cold jet) always cementite and not Austenite is formed.
- the treatment can be carried out in this way, for example with a pulsed radiation source of high energy density, such as. with an excimer laser that a pronounced Evaporation (sublimation) and melting a thin one Surface skin occurs, resulting in a pronounced Micro-smoothing the surface leads.
- a pulsed radiation source of high energy density such as. with an excimer laser that a pronounced Evaporation (sublimation) and melting a thin one Surface skin occurs, resulting in a pronounced Micro-smoothing the surface leads.
- the respective component to grind at least on the surface to be treated, but also hard shell cast surfaces can be treated with the method according to the invention can.
- Typical application examples for the present Processes are the generation of hard and possibly micro-smooth surfaces on camshafts or cam followers of internal combustion engines.
- Typical values for the energy density used are in the range from 2 x 10 3 to 5 x 10 5 W / cm 2 .
- the invention deals with machine components that either in the form of a hard casting with ledeburitic Structure or in the form of a steel part with pearlitic Structures are present, with the special characteristic, that an almost closed cementite surface is present, the component having a surface hardness above 900 HV, preferably about 1100 HV and the cementite precipitation density in the interlamellar Areas from the surface towards Matrix is continuously decreasing.
- the component can for example a camshaft or a rocker arm be, but there are of course many other conceivable Machine components which are treated according to the invention can be.
- the treatment can basically be carried out in the air, at least with a laser beam or with an arc lamp, since there is little or no fear of oxidation processes. It may be useful to carry out the treatment with the selected jet type in a selected gas atmosphere in order to achieve special effects.
- the treatment could be carried out in a nitrogen-containing or CO 2 -containing atmosphere if nitriding or carburizing the surface of the workpiece is additionally desired.
- the invention is concerned with the surface treatment of machine components with heterogeneous (over-, under- or -eutectic) Casting structure, as shown in Fig. 1, or with over-, under- or -eutectoidal steel structure, such as shown in Fig. 3.
- FIG. 1 shows a TIG remelted tread of a Cast iron camshaft with an hypoeutectic structure made of cementite flakes and fine pearlite.
- the TIG remelting process represents a possible, but not mandatory pretreatment.
- the cementite lamellas are the large islands, while the pearlite areas the filigree structure exhibit.
- a qualitatively similar structure also delivers Chilled cast iron.
- a surface structure according to FIG. 2 is formed. From the structural components as in FIG. 1, ie from the cementite lamellae and fine Perlite has formed an almost closed layer of non-stoichiometric cementite in the surface layer. It is characteristic of this treatment that the surface layer is briefly heated up to the vicinity of the melting temperature (continuously or by repeated pulses) so that the carbon diffuses in the boundary layer from the cementite lamellae of the ledeburite into the soft, interlamellar ferrite areas.
- the holding time at this temperature is chosen so that there is no complete dissolution of existing phase components and formation of a homogeneous mixed crystal.
- a regression to the original phase state cannot take place or can only take place incompletely.
- the cementite substance "blends", as can clearly be seen in FIG. 2, at the expense of the stoichiometric structure, combined with the effect of hardening the surface layer up to 1100 HV.
- FIG. 3 shows a scanning electron microscope Inclusion of a steel eutectoid structure about 0.8% C.
- ferrite dark parts of the Matrix
- cementite as light parts of the matrix in lamellar Arrangement.
- Fig. 4 After treatment with the excimer laser, As for the cast iron sample of Fig. 1, a structure is created in the surface layer, as shown in Fig. 4.
- the surface layer has briefly warmed up up to near the melting temperature (continuously or by repeated pulses of the laser) a diffusion of carbon in an edge layer from the cementite flakes of pearlite into the soft interlamellar ferrite areas.
- the temperature reached near the melting temperature must be chosen so that it is not a complete Dissolution of existing phase components and A homogeneous mixed crystal is formed. Here too prevents self-quenching following heat treatment a regression in the surface layer the original phase state. Likewise, in this example an imbalance with a cementite higher volume than the original.
- the ground ledeburitic cam surface of a camshaft is cut with a CO 2 laser in CW mode (continuous, non-pulsed laser beam) with a rectangular beam cross-section of size 2 x 10 or 1 x 20 mm 2 by rotating the camshaft under the laser beam treated.
- the width of approx. 10 or 20 mm corresponds to the cam width of an NW with 4 or 2 valve technology.
- the surface temperature in the area of liquidus solidus from 1150 to 1250 ° C (pasty state of the surface layer) is monitored with known "on line" temperature measuring systems.
- the power density is 5 x 10 3 to 10 5 W / cm 2 .
- a laser power of 5 to 8 kW is required.
- the speed of rotation of the camshaft is determined from the dwell time of the laser beam on the cam surface.
- a dwell time (exposure time) of 0.3 to 10 s is required for a carbide layer thickness of 3 to 10 ⁇ m. If the treatment in pulse mode is carried out with a CO 2 or Nd: YAG laser, at least 20% lower average power densities are required.
- the ledeburitic cam tread of a hard cast or surface layer remelted (TIG; laser, electron beam) Rocker arm is used for training purposes thin, but almost dense carbide Wear layer treated with the electron beam.
- the e-beam with 0.1 to 0.5 mm beam diameter grids the entire cam tread in a known manner one or more times. Repeated scanning of the Surface also becomes an almost constant, medium one Temperature of the surface above the liquidus does not rise, remain intact. For example becomes a deflection frequency of the e-beam from 100 to 500 Hz in the Y axis and a feed rate the rocker arm applied in the X-axis from 5 to 60 mm / s, depending on whether preheating the rocker arm has previously taken place or not.
- the in Example required power of the electron beam gun was 3 kW (60 V, 50 A).
- the advantage of the electron beam is in this case in the high level of guidance and distractibility as well as in the local repeatability of the treatment. This allows you to do so without any special effort as required different carbide layers on one surface Thickness can be generated (customized layer thicknesses).
- a CO 2 laser in CW operation works with a laser power density in the range of 2 x 10 4 to 5 x 10 5 W / cm 2 and in pulse mode with an average power density that is at least 20% lower.
- Characteristic of the carbide layer of the present Invention is that these are wear-resistant on existing Ledeburit or perlite is produced, the wear resistance is improved and that the cementite precipitation density in the interlamellar areas always from the surface towards the matrix decreases.
- the exposure times of 0.017 to 0.026 S mentioned in the US patent are also not comparable with the values of 0.1 to 10 s mentioned in the present application.
- the average power density for example in the case of an Nd: YAG laser, with a beam cross section of 0.5 x 0.5 cm 2 and an average power of 500 W is of the order of 20,000 W / cm 2 and therefore in a completely different range as indicated in U.S. Patent No. 4,304,978.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Claims (16)
- Procédé de durcissement et éventuellement de lissage de composants de machine, au moyen d'un rayonnement, comme par exemple un rayonnement laser, un rayonnement d'électrons, ou un rayonnement lumineux, qui provoque un réchauffement de surface du composant respectif, dans lequel ledit composant, qui se présente soit sous la forme d'une pièce de fonte dure avec structure lédeburitique, soit sous la forme d'une pièce en acier avec structure perlitique, est traité avec une forte densité énergétique, et la couche de surface est brièvement réchauffée jusqu'au voisinage de la température de fusion, c'est-à-dire dans la zone liquidus/solidus, soit en continu, soit par des impulsions répétées, de sorte qu'il se produit dans une couche de bordure une diffusion du carbone provenant des lamelles de cémentite de la lédeburite, ou de la perlite, jusque dans les zones ferritiques tendres inter-lamellaires, dans lequel la densité de puissance et la durée du traitement sont ainsi choisies qu'il se produit dans la structure perlitique et la structure lédeburitique au niveau de la surface, respectivement dans la couche proche de la surface, une augmentation du volume avec construction d'une structure non stoechiométrique, et dans lequel lors du traitement l'un des composants de la structure devient localement pâteux, ou fond, tandis que les autres composants de la structure demeurent à l'état solide, et le temps de maintien à la température voisine de la température de fusion est ainsi choisi qu'il ne se produit pas de dissolution complète des composants de phase en présence et qu'il ne se forme aucun austénite et qu'il existe toujours suffisamment de germes de cémentite dans la couche de bordure et dans le substrat, de sorte que lors de la trempe on forme toujours de la cémentite et non pas une austénite résiduelle, et dans lequel la densité de puissance et la durée du réchauffement local sont ainsi choisies qu'il se produit dans l'acier, ou bien dans les zones de perlite dans la fonte dure, une surface de cémentite au lieu d'une surface de perlite.
- Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le traitement a lieu avec une source de rayonnement pulsée présentant une forte densité énergétique, comme par exemple avec un laser excimer, afin de provoquer additionnellement une sublimation prononcée et la fusion d'une mince peau de surface.
- Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que, avant le traitement au moyen du rayonnement à forte densité de puissance, le composant respectif est meulé, ou recouvert par coulée d'une coque dure, au moins au niveau de la surface à traiter.
- Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il est mis en oeuvre sur des arbres à cames, ou sur des leviers d'entraínement.
- Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la densité de puissance est de préférence comprise dans la plage de 5 x 103 à 5 x 105 W/cm2.
- Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes pour le traitement d'un arbre à cames avec une surface de came lédeburitique, caractérisé en ce que le traitement est exécuté avec un laser CO2 en mode CW (rayonnement laser continu et non pulsé) avec une section de rayonnement rectangulaire d'une taille comprise dans la plage de 3 mm x 5 mm à 25 mm x 10 mm, de préférence de 2 mm x 10 mm à 1 mm x 20 mm, dans lequel l'arbre à cames est tourné pendant le traitement, et le temps de séjour (temps d'illumination) à chaque emplacement de la surface traitée se trouve dans la plage de 0,3 à 10 s, afin d'atteindre une épaisseur de 3 à 10 microns pour la couche de carbure.
- Procédé selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que la puissance du laser est dans la plage de 4 à 12 kW.
- Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, en particulier selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que la température de surface est maintenue dans la plage du liquidus/solidus de 1150 à 1250°C (état partiellement pâteux de la structure de surface), et de préférence surveillée au moyen d'un système de mesure de température.
- Procédé selon l'une ou l'autre des revendications 7 et 8, caractérisé en ce que le traitement est exécuté en mode par impulsions, au lieu du mode CW, et en ce que l'on utilise soit un laser CO2, soit un laser Nd : YAG, la densité de puissance moyenne étant d'au moins 20 % inférieure à celle du mode CW.
- Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5 pour le traitement d'une surface de came lédeburitique d'un levier d'entraínement avec coque de fonte dure, ou avec couche de bordure recouverte par fusion, au moyen d'un rayonnement d'électrons, ledit rayonnement d'électrons ayant une section de forme circulaire d'un diamètre de 0,1 à 0,8 mm, qui palpe la surface totale de la came une ou plusieurs fois suivant un motif en réseau, et produit à la surface une température moyenne pratiquement constante qui ne dépasse pas celle du liquidus.
- Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5 pour le traitement d'une surface de came lédeburitique d'un levier d'entraínement avec coque de fonte dure, ou avec couche de bordure recouverte par fusion, au moyen d'un rayonnement d'électrons, ledit rayonnement d'électrons ayant une section pratiquement rectangulaire qui couvre la totalité de la largeur de la surface de came, ou de la largeur de la surface du palier de coulissement, et qui illumine la surface en direction périphérique, soit en continu, soit à plusieurs reprises, et produit ainsi à la surface une température moyenne pratiquement constante qui ne dépasse pas celle du liquidus, ou qui ne la dépasse que de manière localement limitée ou négligeable uniquement dans des zones partielles.
- Procédé selon l'une ou l'autre des revendications 10 et 11, caractérisé en ce que le canon à rayonnement d'électrons présente une puissance d'environ 3 kW, par exemple de 50 A sous 60 V.
- Procédé selon l'une des revendications 10, 11 et 12, caractérisé en ce que lorsque le rayonnement d'électrons est aligné dans l'axe Z, le rayonnement est dévié dans une direction pratiquement perpendiculaire à celui-ci, par exemple dans la direction de l'axe Y ou de l'axe X, avec une fréquence de déviation de 100 à 500 Hz sur la largeur ou la longueur de la surface de came du levier d'entraínement, et dans lequel la direction de la came est déplacée dans l'autre direction respective suivant l'axe X ou l'axe Y, ou en oblique par rapport à ceux-ci, avec une vitesse d'avance de 5 à 60 mm/s, selon qu'un préchauffage du levier d'entraínement a préalablement eu lieu ou non.
- Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que, pour produire des minces couches de carbure sur des surfaces d'acier avec structure perlitique, ou structure perlitique/ferritique, la surface est réchauffée jusqu'à une température dans la plage de 1250° à 1450°C, laquelle est produite, dans le cas d'un laser CO2 en mode CW (rayonnement continu), avec une densité de puissance dans la plage de 5 x 103 à 5 x 105 W/cm2, et dans le cas d'un laser en mode pulsé avec une densité de puissance moyenne qui est d'environ 20 % plus faible, et dans lequel le temps d'action du rayonnement, c'est-à-dire le temps de séjour de chaque emplacement de la surface à traiter, est de 0,1 à 10 s.
- Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la densité du dépôt de cémentite dans les régions interlamellaires diminue en continu depuis la surface en direction de la matrice.
- Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le traitement avec le rayonnement est exécuté dans une atmosphère gazeuse, par exemple dans une atmosphère gazeuse qui contient de l'azote ou du CO2.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4241527 | 1992-12-10 | ||
DE4241527A DE4241527A1 (de) | 1992-12-10 | 1992-12-10 | Verfahren zum Aufhärten und ggf. Glätten von Maschinenbauteilen sowie nach diesem Verfahren hergestellten Maschinenbauteilen |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0601451A1 EP0601451A1 (fr) | 1994-06-15 |
EP0601451B1 true EP0601451B1 (fr) | 2000-08-23 |
Family
ID=6474825
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP93119338A Expired - Lifetime EP0601451B1 (fr) | 1992-12-10 | 1993-12-01 | Procédé de durcissement et éventuellement de lissage de pièces de machine et pièces fabriquées selon ce procédé |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0601451B1 (fr) |
DE (2) | DE4241527A1 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2151496T3 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH09216075A (ja) * | 1996-02-06 | 1997-08-19 | Aisin Aw Co Ltd | 金属部材の表面仕上方法及びそれにより得られる金属部材 |
JPH1060619A (ja) * | 1996-08-13 | 1998-03-03 | Tochigi Fuji Ind Co Ltd | 構造用鋼製部材 |
DE19637464C1 (de) | 1996-09-13 | 1997-10-09 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Verschleißbeständige Nockenwelle und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung |
US6288876B1 (en) * | 1999-04-16 | 2001-09-11 | International Business Machines Corporation | Melting and refreezing method for smothing and load/unloading lift tab for disk drive smoothed lift tab and gimbal assembly and data storage device incorporating smoothed lift tab |
DE19959608B4 (de) * | 1999-12-10 | 2008-07-03 | Volkswagen Ag | Vorrichtung zur Laserbehandlung von zylindrischen Innenflächen, vorzugsweise von Zylinderlaufflächen für Verbrennungsmotoren |
DE10228743B4 (de) | 2002-06-27 | 2005-05-04 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Verfahren zum Glätten und Polieren von Oberflächen durch Bearbeitung mit Laserstrahlung |
DE10257165B4 (de) * | 2002-12-02 | 2004-09-23 | Cis Solartechnik Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Dünnschichtsolarzellen mit einer CuInSe2-Schicht auf einem metallischen, bandförmigen Substrat |
DE102007059299A1 (de) | 2007-05-16 | 2008-11-20 | Entex Rust & Mitschke Gmbh | Vorrichtung zur Verarbeitung von zu entgasenden Produkten |
DE102009009775B4 (de) | 2008-02-22 | 2019-05-09 | Entex Rust & Mitschke Gmbh | Planetwalzenextruder mit gestückelten Planetwalzenspindeln |
DE102009013839A1 (de) | 2009-02-20 | 2010-09-23 | Entex Rust & Mitschke Gmbh | Planetenspindeln |
DE102009059912B4 (de) | 2009-12-20 | 2023-08-03 | Entex Rust & Mitschke Gmbh | Planetwalzenextruder |
DE102012107827A1 (de) * | 2012-08-24 | 2014-02-27 | Sandvik Surface Solutions Division Of Sandvik Materials Technology Deutschland Gmbh | Verfahren zur Erzeugung von Glanzeffekten auf Presswerkzeugen |
AT519996B1 (de) * | 2017-06-01 | 2020-03-15 | Andritz Ag Maschf | Verfahren zur Oberflächenbehandlung eines Stahlyankees |
DE102018108145A1 (de) | 2018-04-06 | 2019-10-10 | Volkswagen Ag | Verfahren zur Bearbeitung von Oberflächen von mittels 3D-Druck gefertigten Bauteilen sowie ein solches bearbeitetes Bauteil |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4093842A (en) * | 1976-01-19 | 1978-06-06 | General Motors Corporation | Ported engine cylinder with selectively hardened bore |
US4304978A (en) * | 1978-10-05 | 1981-12-08 | Coherent, Inc. | Heat treating using a laser |
DD204106B1 (de) * | 1982-03-31 | 1988-02-03 | Adw Ddr | Verfahren zur oberflaechenhaertung von eisen-kohlenstoff-legierungen |
DE3343783C1 (de) * | 1983-12-03 | 1984-07-05 | M.A.N. Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nürnberg AG, 8900 Augsburg | Verfahren zur Herstellung verschleissfester Zylinderlaufflaechen von Brennkraftmaschinen |
DE3418555C1 (de) * | 1984-05-18 | 1985-07-25 | Audi AG, 8070 Ingolstadt | Verfahren zum Umschmelzhaerten der Oberflaeche von Zylindern aus kohlenstoffhaltigem Gusseisen |
JPS619517A (ja) * | 1984-06-22 | 1986-01-17 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 回転体機械部品の表面改質装置 |
GB2169318A (en) * | 1985-01-04 | 1986-07-09 | Rolls Royce | Metal surface hardening by carbide formation |
JPS6233720A (ja) * | 1985-08-08 | 1987-02-13 | Toyota Motor Corp | 再溶融チルカムシヤフトの製造方法 |
JPS6293314A (ja) * | 1985-10-21 | 1987-04-28 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | 耐摩耗性摺動部材 |
DE3932328A1 (de) * | 1989-09-28 | 1991-04-11 | Opel Adam Ag | Verfahren zur bearbeitung von durch reibung hochbeanspruchten flaechen in brennkraftmaschinen und vorrichtung zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens |
RU2074265C1 (ru) * | 1991-04-12 | 1997-02-27 | МЛИ Лазерс | Способ поверхностной обработки металлических изделий |
-
1992
- 1992-12-10 DE DE4241527A patent/DE4241527A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1993
- 1993-12-01 ES ES93119338T patent/ES2151496T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-12-01 DE DE59310090T patent/DE59310090D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-12-01 EP EP93119338A patent/EP0601451B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
Werkstatt und Betrieb, 123(1990)11, 875-877 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0601451A1 (fr) | 1994-06-15 |
ES2151496T3 (es) | 2001-01-01 |
DE59310090D1 (de) | 2000-09-28 |
DE4241527A1 (de) | 1994-06-16 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP0601451B1 (fr) | Procédé de durcissement et éventuellement de lissage de pièces de machine et pièces fabriquées selon ce procédé | |
EP0419999B1 (fr) | Méthode de façonnage des surfaces chargées par friction des moteurs à combustion interne | |
EP1041173B1 (fr) | Bloc-cylindres en métal léger, méthode pour sa fabrication et dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre de cette méthode | |
EP1769099B1 (fr) | Procede de fabrication de couches marginales resistantes a l'usure et a la fatigue a partir d'alliages de titane et composants ainsi fabriques | |
EP1285719B1 (fr) | Procédé pour la production de couches superficielles résistant à l'usure avec laser | |
DE202015009465U1 (de) | Geschweisste Stahlplatine und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung einer geschweissten Stahlplatine | |
DE2940127A1 (de) | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur waermebehandlung | |
DE69706211T2 (de) | Verfahren zum Durchführen einer Bainittransformation mit Temperaturanstieg | |
EP2160267B1 (fr) | Bordure moulée traitée par fusion pour moulures de chambre de combustion à piston | |
DE19637464C1 (de) | Verschleißbeständige Nockenwelle und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung | |
DE2651946A1 (de) | Verfahren zum aufbringen eines abriebbestaendigen zusammengesetzten ueberzugs auf einen gegenstand | |
DE3635751A1 (de) | Abriebfestes gleitelement | |
DE19611929C1 (de) | Schichtverbundwerkstoff und Verfahren zur Verbesserung der Oberflächenhärte von Schichtverbundwerkstoffen | |
DE2263174A1 (de) | Verfahren zur ausbildung einer gehaerteten schicht auf einem kohlenstoffenthaltendem gusstueck auf eisen-basis | |
DE102004037074B3 (de) | Verfahren zur Wärmebehandlung von Werkstücken aus Stahl | |
EP0161408B1 (fr) | Procédé pour le durcissement superficiel par refusion de cylindres en fonte | |
EP3889292A1 (fr) | Plaque de serrage pour machine à couler sous pression et procédé de fabrication | |
DE10306063A1 (de) | Verfahren zum Bearbeiten von Panzerstahl | |
EP0347568B1 (fr) | Procédé de fabrication de pièces coulées résistantes à l'usure | |
GB2160227A (en) | Heat treatment process | |
DE836358C (de) | Oberflaechenhaerteverfahren | |
DE10163970A1 (de) | Verschleißarme Werkstückfläche und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung | |
EP0982408A2 (fr) | Procédé de durcissement superficiel d'une pièce métallique au moyen d'un laser pulsé | |
AT402301B (de) | Schichtkörper mit einer eisen- oder kobaltbasislegierung und verfahren zur herstellung derselben | |
DE102021213888A1 (de) | Verfahren und Einrichtung zum örtlich begrenzten Nitrieren oder Nitrocarburieren der Oberfläche eines Bauteils |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): DE ES FR GB SE |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19940709 |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 19970616 |
|
GRAG | Despatch of communication of intention to grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA |
|
GRAG | Despatch of communication of intention to grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA |
|
GRAG | Despatch of communication of intention to grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA |
|
GRAH | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 19970616 |
|
GRAG | Despatch of communication of intention to grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA |
|
GRAH | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA |
|
GRAH | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): DE ES FR GB SE |
|
ET | Fr: translation filed | ||
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 59310090 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 20000928 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Payment date: 20001002 Year of fee payment: 8 |
|
GBT | Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977) |
Effective date: 20000925 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: ES Payment date: 20001127 Year of fee payment: 8 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Payment date: 20001204 Year of fee payment: 8 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Payment date: 20001206 Year of fee payment: 8 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: ES Ref legal event code: FG2A Ref document number: 2151496 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: T3 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20010222 Year of fee payment: 8 |
|
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
26N | No opposition filed | ||
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20011201 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20011202 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: IF02 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20020702 |
|
GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20011201 |
|
EUG | Se: european patent has lapsed |
Ref document number: 93119338.7 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20020830 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: ST |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: ES Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20021202 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: ES Ref legal event code: FD2A Effective date: 20030113 |