EP0615566B1 - Set of paving stones, process and device for producing the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PCT No. PCT/EP92/02670 Sec. 371 Date May 19, 1994 Sec. 102(e) Date May 19, 1994 PCT Filed Nov. 20, 1992 PCT Pub. No. WO93/10310 PCT Pub. Date May 27, 1993.Paving stone set and process and device for the manufacture thereof. In the case of lawn-paving blocks formed from paving stones (10) spaced at a considerable distance apart, these are joined together, against relative displacements, by a holding grid (11) embedded in the paving stones (10) and comprising tension-resistant strands. The said holding grid allows the transfer of traction forces and hence the reciprocal safeguarding of the paving stones (10) within a paving stone set held together by the holding grid (11). The manufacture of the paving stone sets is effected in a concrete stone mold which is conventional in its principle. A flask (19) disposed on a molding plate (28) and a drawing sheet (29) is divided in the horizontal plane (33), creating a top part-flask (34) and a bottom part-flask (35). The holding grid (11) is clamped between the two part-flasks during pouring of the concrete. Following the completion of a paving stone set, the bottom part-flask (35) is withdrawn from the concrete stone mold. Demolding can now be carried out in the usual manner.

Description

The invention relates to a paving stone set for lawn paving, according to the preamble of claim 1. Furthermore, the invention relates to an apparatus and a method for producing such paving stone inserts according to the preamble of claims 2 and 8.

Pavement ceilings that allow vegetal growth within joints between the paving stones are becoming increasingly important. In order to ensure the resilience of the so-called lawn paving slabs by stationary and - to a limited extent - by rolling traffic, the paving stones must be secured against displacement. For this purpose, spacers have so far been arranged in the joints, by means of which the adjacent paving stones are supported against one another. In the lawn paving according to EP-A-259 735, the paving stones are supported against one another by spacers which rot in the ground after a certain time.

The laying of such paving slabs is complex. In addition, the spacers must be manufactured and kept ready as separate elements of the pavement.

From DE-A-32 00 184 assembled, articulated concrete joint plates are known, which consist of concrete blocks connected in series by reinforcement. The rows of concrete blocks are laid so that other rows of concrete blocks can be inserted in gaps, so that an articulated plate effect is achieved. Such paving stone inserts are complex to lay, because the paving stones of one row must be inserted into matching gaps in a formation formed from other rows of paving stones. In addition, the manufacture of such paving stone units is complex.

The invention has for its object to propose measures for the design of a lawn paving slab and its manufacture, which represent a simplification compared to the previous solutions and also ensure a simple way of securing the paving stones of the built-in paving slab in the long term.

To achieve this object, the paving stone set according to the invention is characterized in that the concrete paving stones are connected to one another exclusively by the holding grid, the holding grid consists of tensile and rot-proof, elastic material, the holding grid is exposed in the area of the longitudinal joints and transverse joints, the holding grid only in the area of the concrete paving stones is completely embedded in it, the holding grille is embedded in it at a distance from an underside of the concrete paving stones, which corresponds to a quarter to one third of the total height of a concrete paving stone, the distance between the longitudinal strands and transverse strands of the Holding grid each 2 cm to 5 cm, preferably about 3 cm.

A paving stone set consists of a group of paving stones made at the same time, which are connected to one another during manufacture by a retaining grid embedded in the concrete. The holding grid consists of longitudinal strands and transverse strands that can absorb tensile loads. The paving stones of the lawn paving are therefore secured by organs with tensile loads with regard to their relative position to one another. In the area of the longitudinal joints and transverse joints there are no further connecting or supporting elements for the paving stones.

The holding grid is designed so that the plant growth in the otherwise free longitudinal joints and transverse joints is not affected. The distances between the longitudinal strands and transverse strands are also selected according to the invention such that the fresh concrete can pass through openings or meshes of the retaining grid during the manufacture of the paving stones. The distance between the strands for this purpose is 2 cm to 5 cm, preferably about 3 cm.

According to the invention, the holding grid is completely embedded in concrete, with sufficient concrete coverage. The holding grid preferably extends at a distance from an underside of the paving stones, which corresponds to approximately one third of the height thereof.

This arrangement of the holding grid requires special measures in the manufacture of the paving stone inserts. Manufacturing is to take place industrially in a conventional stone molding machine. This is known in principle Concrete mold equipped. This includes a base board on which the concrete blocks are shaped and stored until they have hardened completely. Furthermore, a frame-like molding box with mold nests bounded by longitudinal walls and transverse walls, open at the top and bottom, belongs to the concrete mold. Finally, pressure stamps are provided which enter the mold cavities from above to compact the concrete. Furthermore, the concrete mold usually includes a drawing plate, which is arranged between the molding box and the underlay board.

A concrete mold designed in this way is equipped, according to the invention, with a mold box divided in height, namely in a plane running at a distance from the base (underlay board), which mold box accordingly consists of an upper mold box and a lower mold box. The two part mold boxes together form the mold nests. The holding grid is arranged between the partial mold boxes and is clamped or fixed between them.

The lower subframe is designed in a special way, namely in such a way that after the concrete blocks of a paving stone set have been produced, the lower subform box can be pulled out of the area of the concrete mold in a certain direction. The lower part of the molding box therefore has transverse walls which run exclusively in the transverse direction or in the direction of the pulling movement.

Fig. 1

einen Pflastersteinsatz bzw. einen Teil desselben im Grundriß,

Fig. 2

einen Schnitt durch den Pflastersteinsatz gemäß Fig. 1 in der Schnittebene II - II,

Fig. 3

einen Schnitt durch den Pflastersteinsatz gemäß Fig. 1 in der Schnittebene III - III,

Fig. 4

eine Betonform zum Herstellen von Pflastersteinsätzen gemäß Fig. 1 in Draufsicht,

Fig. 5

die Betonform gemäß Fig. 4 im Querschnitt, teilweise bei abgehobenem Druckstempel,

Fig. 6

die Betonform im Längsschnitt in einer Darstellung entsprechend Fig. 5,

Fig. 7

einen Ausschnitt der Betonform im Längsschnitt bei stark vergrößertem Maßstab,

Fig. 8

die Einzelteile der Betonform in einer Stellung bei der Vorbereitung für einen Fertigungstakt in Seitenansicht.

Further features of the invention relate to the manufacture of the paving stone set and to the formation of the concrete form. Details of the same and the paving stone set are explained in more detail below with reference to the drawings. It shows:

Fig. 1

a paving stone set or part of it in the floor plan,

Fig. 2

2 shows a section through the paving stone set according to FIG. 1 in the sectional plane II-II,

Fig. 3

2 shows a section through the paving stone set according to FIG. 1 in the section plane III-III,

Fig. 4

1 is a top view of a concrete mold for producing paving stone inserts according to FIG. 1,

Fig. 5

4 in cross section, partly with the pressure stamp raised,

Fig. 6

the concrete shape in longitudinal section in a representation corresponding to FIG. 5,

Fig. 7

a section of the concrete form in longitudinal section on a greatly enlarged scale,

Fig. 8

the individual parts of the concrete mold in a position in preparation for a production cycle in side view.

The exemplary embodiments shown in the drawings relate, on the one hand, to a paving stone set as a laying unit for lawn paving. On the other hand, details of a device (concrete form) for the production of such paving stone inserts are shown. However, the concrete form is also suitable for the production of paving stone inserts that are not necessarily used as part of a lawn paving.

The paving stone set according to FIGS. 1 to 3 consists of (concrete) paving stones 10 arranged in longitudinal and transverse rows with a square outline. The high of Paving stones 10 corresponds to the usual height of such paving stones in accordance with the expected load.

The paving stones 10 belonging to a laying unit or a paving stone set are connected to one another by resilient members which can be subjected to tensile loads, namely by a continuous holding grid 11. This consists of longitudinal strands 12 and transverse strands 13. The longitudinal strands 12 and transverse strands 13 are in the region of nodes 14 with one another connected. The holding grid 11 thus formed consists of a suitable plastic, e.g. Polyester. Such holding grids 11 can be continuously produced in corresponding continuous casting machines. The material is weatherproof and durable against tensile loads.

The holding grid 11 is completely embedded in the concrete of the paving stones 10, namely with a sufficient distance from the underside 15 of the paving stones 10. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the holding grid 11 is at a distance from the underside 15 which is approximately one third of the height of the paving stone 10 corresponds.

For the use of a paving stone set designed in this way (FIG. 1) for lawn paving ceilings, the paving stones 10 have large distances from one another which are fixed by the retaining grid 11. This results in wide longitudinal joints 16 and equally wide transverse joints 17 between the paving stones 10 arranged in rows. The longitudinal joints 16 and transverse joints 17 have a width of 4 cm to 5 cm. The retaining grid 11 is completely exposed within these longitudinal joints 16 and transverse joints 17. Spacers or connecting bars are not available. Due to the spacing of the longitudinal strands 12 and transverse strands 13 from one another, openings 18 or meshes of the holding grid 11 result which ensure unimpeded plant growth in the region of the longitudinal joints 16 and transverse joints 17. The distance between the longitudinal strands 12 and transverse strands 13 from each other here is approximately 3 cm.

The laying units or paving stone inserts designed in the manner described are produced in a conventional stone molding machine with the aid of concrete molds which have certain modifications compared to the conventional concrete molds.

A concrete mold usually consists of a molding box 19. This consists of an outer frame 20 with longitudinal spars 21, 22 and transverse spars 23, 24. Longitudinal walls 25 and transverse walls 26 run within this frame 20. Mold cavities 27 are delimited by these, in which the paving stones 10 be shaped.

The frame 20, which is open at the top and bottom, stands on a support, a support board 28. This can form the lower end of the concrete form. The finished paving stones rest on the underlay board 28 until they have fully set.

In the present embodiment, a drawing plate 29 is provided as the lower end of the molding box 19. The drawing plate 29 is accordingly located between the molding box 19 and the underlay board 28. When the mold is removed, the drawing sheet 29 is pulled out of the concrete mold in a horizontal direction according to arrow 30, so that the paving stones 10 then rest directly on the underlay board 28 and with this after removal of the molding box 19th can be transported away.

From above, pressure stamps 31 with stamp plates 32 corresponding to the shape and size of the mold nests 27 enter them.

In order to embed the grating 11 in the paving stones 10 during the manufacture of the paving stones, in the exemplary embodiment shown the molding box 19 is divided along an (imaginary) horizontal division plane 33. This creates an upper mold box 34 and a lower mold box 35. Both together make up the entire mold box 19th

The holding grid 11 extends in the area of the dividing plane 33. This is brought into position before the concrete is poured in. The fresh concrete filled into the open mold nests 27 from above passes through the openings 18 or meshes of the holding grid 11, so that the mold box 19 or each mold cavity 27 is filled with concrete in full.

The holding grid 11 is clamped or fixed between the partial mold boxes 34 and 35. In the present exemplary embodiment, the holding grid 11 is clamped only on three sides between the partial mold boxes 34, 35, namely in the region of the longitudinal spar 22 and the transverse spars 23, 24.

The lower mold box 35 is designed so that the paving stones 10 can be demoulded essentially according to the usual principle. For this purpose, after the paving stones 10 have been formed in the individual mold nests 27, the lower mold box 35 is first removed. This is pulled out of the area of the concrete form in the horizontal direction according to arrow 30. In order to make this possible, the lower part molding box 35 consists of the lower part of the longitudinal spar 22 of the (divided) frame 20 lying forward in the pulling direction according to arrow 30. This is followed by transverse walls 26 or lower parts of these transverse walls 26 extending in the direction of the drawing movement. The lower mold box 35 accordingly has no longitudinal walls 25. Corresponding, elongated, strip-shaped cavities 41 are formed in this area below the longitudinal walls 25 of the upper partial molding box 34. Some concrete enters this during the manufacture of the paving stones 10, so that the finished paving stones 10 of a paving stone set have 16 ridges 36 adjacent to the underside 15 in the area of the longitudinal joints. These burrs 36 can be removed by post-processing. Since it is the cross section the longitudinal joints 16 only insignificantly reduce, but they can also remain on the paving stones 10.

After the lower mold box 35 has been pulled out, the demolding can take place in the usual manner. The pressure stamps 31 remain in the pressure position according to FIG. 7. The upper part molding box 34 is moved upwards into a position according to FIG. 8. Then the pressure stamps 31 are lifted. Now the underlay board 28 with the paving stones 10 and the holding grid 11 embedded in them can be be transported away.

In the present embodiment, the lower part molding box 35 is connected to the drawing plate 29. The lower parts of the transverse walls 26 are arranged as elongated upstands on the drawing plate 29. Push rods 37 are attached to this on one side, which enable the drawing plate 29 to be moved back and forth via a suitable actuating member (pressure medium cylinder). With the drawing plate 29, the lower part molding box 35 is pulled out of the area of the concrete mold or inserted into it.

In the present case, the holding grid 11, which essentially corresponds to the size of a set of paving stones, is pulled off in sections from a roll (not shown). After a corresponding section of the holding grid 11 has been introduced into the concrete mold, the required piece is cut off. In the present exemplary embodiment, a cutting edge 38 is attached to the upper part molding box 34, namely to the longitudinal spar 22 lying forward in the pulling direction, which causes the separating cut when the part molding box 34 is lowered. The cutting edge 38 can also be arranged at a distance from the area of the molding box 19, the retaining grid 11 being separated from the longitudinal spar 22 of the lower partial molding box 35 so as to protrude. Here, the cutting edge 38 is assigned a lower fixed counter knife, so that when the molding box 19 is closed the holding grid 11 is severed and the longitudinal bars 22 of the upper part molding box 34 and of the lower part molding box 35 lie directly against one another and can thus clamp the holding grid 11.

The holding grid 11 is further brought into position within the molding box 19 by the lower part molding box 35 or by the drawing plate 29. For this purpose, the respectively free, front edge of the holding grid 11 is fixed to a free edge of the drawing plate 29 or of the lower partial molding box 35, e.g. on hook-shaped holding members 39.

From the starting position (not shown) of the drawing plate 29 outside the concrete mold, the holding grid 11 is transported from the roll into the concrete mold while being unwound (FIG. 8). Then the upper mold box 34 is lowered. The concrete is then poured into the mold cavities 27 which are open at the top. The pressure rams 31 are then lowered. The concrete is then compacted by a vibrating table 40 on which the concrete mold rests.

After the paving stones 10 have been shaped, the drawing plate 29 is first pulled back in the manner described, with the lower part-molding box 35, then the upper part-molding box 34 is moved upward and then the pressure stamp is raised.

The upper part molding box 34 is designed such that the transverse walls 26 do not rest on the corresponding transverse walls 26 of the lower part molding box 35. Rather, the upper part of the molding box 34 is supported directly on the support board 28 or on the drawing plate 29 by the longitudinal spar 21 located in the direction of pull. Furthermore, the cross bars 23, 24 of the upper part molding box 34 rest on the corresponding cross bars 23, 24 of the lower part molding box 35. The longitudinal spar 22 of the upper part molding box 34 lying forward in the drawing direction also rests on the longitudinal bar 22 of the lower part molding box 35.

The paving stone inserts thus produced can advantageously be installed mechanically. For this purpose, a laying machine according to DE-A-34 11 350 has a head for gripping a set of paving stones. The head consists of two transverse jaws that compress the paving stones 10 during the laying process. To secure the spacing between the paving stones 10 in the longitudinal direction, it is necessary that the head is provided with spacers which engage in the longitudinal joints 16 and fix the paving stones 10 at appropriate distances from one another during the laying.

The concrete form described is also suitable for the production of paving stone inserts or laying units which are not intended for lawn paving slabs, but nevertheless have a completely embedded holding grille. In this case, the joints are smaller or narrower.

Claims (8)

1. Paving stone set for lawn paving, the paving stone set being made up of concrete paving stones (10), which are spaced apart, creating wide longitudinal gaps (16) and transverse gaps (17) suitable for plant growth, are joined together by a holding grid (11) and are secured against displacement, characterized in that

   a) the concrete paving stones (10) are joined together exclusively by the holding grid (11),

   b) the holding grid (11) consists of tension-resistant and non-perishable elastic material,

   c) the holding grid (11) lies continuously exposed in the region of the longitudinal gaps (16) and transverse gaps (17),

   d) the holding grid (11), exclusively in the region of the concrete paving stones (10), is fully embedded therein,

   e) the holding grid (11) is embedded in the concrete paving stones (10) at a distance from a bottom side (15) of these stones, which distance corresponds to one-quarter to one-third of the total height of a concrete paving stone (10),

   f) the distance between the longitudinal strands (12) and transverse strands (13) of the holding grid (11) is in each case from 2 cm to 5 cm, preferably around 3 cm.
2. Device for the manufacture of paving stone sets made up of concrete paving stones (10) which are spaced apart and are joined together by a holding grid (11), the device comprising a concrete mould having a flask (19) which exhibits die cavities (27) for a respective concrete paving stone (10) and rests on a base, in particular a moulding plate (28), characterized in that

   a) the flask (19) is divided along a partition plane (33) which extends at a distance from a bottom boundary of the die cavities (27) and runs approximately parallel to the base,

   b) the flask (19) comprises a top part-flask (34) and a bottom part-flask (35),

   c) the bottom part-flask (35) can be drawn, relative to the fixed, top part-flask (34), from the moulding plate (28) in the horizontal direction,

   d) the bottom part-flask (35) exhibits mould walls (transverse walls 26) extending exclusively in the direction of the drawing motion, and preferably a bottom part of a longitudinal spar (22), which bottom part is situated to the front in the direction of draw, transverse to the direction of draw.
3. Device according to Claim 2, characterized in that the bottom part-flask (35) is configured as a drawing sheet (29) and can be moved by this out of and into the concrete mould.
4. Device according to Claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the flask (19) is configured such that the holding grid (11) can be clamped between the bottom part-flask (35) and the top part-flask (34), parts of the holding grid (11) being respectively clamped between the adjacent mould walls of the part-flasks (34, 35).
5. Device according to Claim 4, characterized in that the holding grid (11) can be clamped on three sides between the bottom part-flask and the top part-flask, in particular between margin-sided end walls (longitudinal spars 22 and transverse spars 23, 24).
6. Device according to one or more of Claims 2 to 5, characterized in that the top part-flask (34) exhibits, on the side situated to the rear in the direction of draw, a longitudinal spar (21), the height of which corresponds to that of the flask (19).
7. Device according to one or more of Claims 2 to 6, characterized in that the holding grid, which consists of an elastic material, preferably synthetic material, can be drawn from a roller, preferably by the drawing sheet (29) which is movable to and fro, the drawing sheet (29) exhibiting projection-like holding members (39).
8. Process for the manufacture of paving stone sets made up of concrete paving stones (10) which are spaced apart and are joined together by a holding grid (11) formed from longitudinal strands (12) and transverse strands (13), in particular in a device according to one or more of Claims 2 to 7, characterized in that

   a) a bottom part-flask (35) is arranged on a base, in particular a moulding plate (28),

   b) the holding grid (11) is subsequently arranged on the bottom part-flask (35),

   c) after this, a top part-flask (34) is arranged on the bottom part-flask (35) and the holding grid (11), the holding grid (11) being clamped between the top part-flask (34) and bottom part-flask (35), preferably from three sides,

   d) the concrete is subsequently filled into the flask (19), which is open at the top, the holding grid (11) being configured such that the fresh concrete filled into the concrete mould is able to pass through openings (18) formed by the longitudinal strands (12) and transverse strands (13),

   e) pressure rams (31) are then lowered into the flask (19) from above, the concrete being compacted,

   f) the bottom part-flask (35) is subsequently retracted horizontally relative to the fixed, top part-flask (34),

   g) the top part-flask (34) is then moved upwards, and

   h) the pressure rams (31) are subsequently raised.

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