AT18189U1 - Concrete element system for the reinforcement of mountain roads, paths, climbs or trails - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a concrete element system (100) for constructing a mountain road on a mountain slope (Bh) along a gradient (St), comprising at least two prefabricated concrete elements (1a-1t), each with an upper side and a lower side and each with a lower end face (2c, 2d), an upper end face (2a, 2b) and two opposing flanks and each with a longitudinal axis (La) which approximately corresponds to the gradient (St), wherein the concrete elements (1a-1t) are each connected to one another with a connecting piece (3a, 3b) at the upper end face (2a, 2b) of the first concrete element (1a, 1b) and at the lower end face (2c, 2d) of the second concrete element (1c, 1d).

Description

Description

CONCRETE ELEMENT SYSTEM FOR THE CONSOLIDATION OF MOUNTAIN ROADS, PATHS, CLIMBS OR PATHS

[0001] The present invention relates to a road or path reinforcement system and ultimately to a concrete element system, i.e. a combination of individual concrete elements or blocks that can be connected to one another. This combination or system is particularly suitable for the reinforcement of steep mountain roads, paths, climbs or trails.

[0002] The construction of mountain roads and paths can be complex and time-consuming depending on the nature of the subsoil and the steepness of the slope. It is fundamental to prevent the load placed on a slope from sliding and to avoid building erosion channels into the slope.

[0003] Surface drainage is of the utmost importance. For example, it can be observed that simple lanes, even those that are specially compacted and not just caused by the wheels and weight of vehicles, quickly become gullies for rain or surface water. They are increasingly eroded as a result, as well as by the tires of vehicles or mountain bikes or even just by the soles of hikers, and quickly become the aforementioned erosion gullies, which continue to wash out or "grow" without complex countermeasures.

[0004] Furthermore, wherever possible, the development of existing paths or trails is preferred. This generally saves the need for routing and completely new construction. Often, particularly for steep and less frequented mountain roads or trails, a simpler and cheaper solution is sought, for example by widening, creating a ditch on the mountain side for drainage and even fixing.

[0005] Simple solutions for securing existing paths, walkways or trails include installing perforated or grid stones. However, if these are installed on sloping slopes, they tend to slide over time and/or shift relative to one another. Another disadvantage is that they do not provide optimal drainage and experience shows that the lower holes or grid spaces on the downhill side fill with sand, gravel and earth, while the upper ones on the uphill side wash out.

[0006] There are also so-called grid plates or anchor grids, usually made of plastic. However, the introduction of plastic and ultimately microplastics into the environment is becoming an increasing ecological problem, especially in drinking water regions such as mountains. In addition, as with the perforated or grid stones mentioned above, it can be observed that the lower, downhill cavities of such grids fill up and the upper, uphill cavities empty. As a result, such plastic mats tend to shift or warp and can also tear.

[0007] The object of the present invention is to provide a fastening or concrete element system that meets the above-mentioned criteria in an improved manner. The disadvantages of known path or road fastening systems should, if possible, be completely or largely eliminated.

[0008] The solution to the problem consists first of all in the design and construction of a concrete element system which essentially, or rather in a minimal version, comprises at least two preferably prefabricated concrete elements or blocks. These can be introduced into the terrain with a respective top and bottom side and aligned with one another and can also preferably be connected to one another.

[0009] Regarding the connection or the connecting piece between two concrete elements or blocks, reinforcement iron or reinforcing bar extensions preferably protrude from the base body on the front sides of the basic cuboid formed by the individual concrete elements or blocks. Due to the fact that the individual concrete elements or blocks of a concrete element system according to the invention preferably face each other with their front sides,

are arranged, the said reinforcing iron extensions come to lie next to one another in an interlocking manner. Preferably and at least it is now provided according to the invention that these interlocking reinforcing iron extensions are concreted in place and thus a fixed connection is created between the individual concrete elements or stones laid in the terrain.

[0010] A further, optional embodiment of a connection according to the invention between two concrete elements or blocks provides for a fixed mechanical connection of two opposing or all opposing reinforcing iron extensions. This can be done by welding the interlocking reinforcing iron extensions on site, but optionally also by a mechanical connection such as by means of U-shaped clamps.

[0011] As already mentioned above, a concrete element or a concrete block according to the invention is basically cuboid-shaped, i.e. basically already has the two mentioned, opposite end faces, as well as two large, also opposite sides, which in the application represent an upper and a lower side of the concrete element or block. The fifth and sixth sides of the basic cuboid are the small, also opposite side surfaces or flanks. As already mentioned, the said reinforcing iron extensions preferably protrude from the end faces according to the invention. Basically, the concrete elements or blocks according to the invention are laid on the ground so that these end faces face each other. In this way, at least one fixed track of interconnected concrete elements or blocks is created, which is laid through the ground. It is also possible to lay two tracks spaced apart and parallel to each other, or more than two, each with a smaller or no distance from each other.

[0012] Basically, a minimum radius of around nine meters, measured in the middle of the road, is prescribed for curves and bends on mountain roads. In order to meet this radius or even smaller radii, the present application discloses not only straight cuboids but also curved blocks as the basic shape of the individual concrete elements or blocks. The geometric shape of these blocks would then most likely correspond to ring segments, with top and bottom sides parallel to each other, as before, and with concentric-parallel inner and outer flanks. The front sides would of course no longer be parallel. Basically, not only blocks curved to the left and right come into consideration, but also, with regard to the top and bottom, convex-concave or concave-convex curved ones, in which only the flanks would then be parallel, while the top and bottom would be concentrically parallel.

[0013] The concreted connecting piece described not only connects the individual concrete elements or blocks, but also represents an expansion joint for the solid cuboid blocks that form them and the entire laid track. The connecting pieces absorb the material expansion and contraction of the track to a certain extent. To improve this absorption, it can optionally be provided to cast so-called transverse force mandrels into the connecting piece, such as "Aschwanden CRET® transverse force mandrels" from Leviat AG in Lyss, Canton Bern, Switzerland.

[0014] The small side surfaces or flanks of the cuboid, which form a concrete element or block according to the invention, can basically be smooth or flat.

[0015] According to a further embodiment of a concrete element system according to the invention or of the concrete elements or blocks according to the invention that form it, it would also be possible to arrange reinforcement iron extensions protruding from these flanks, so that not only a longitudinal connection but also a transverse or lateral connection can be established between individual concrete elements or blocks if required. In this way, the fastening can also be improved in those sections of the path that have a lateral inclination.

[0016] A preferred embodiment of a concrete element system according to the invention

The system provides for individual concrete elements or blocks according to the invention, on the underside of which retaining studs are provided. These retaining studs are preferably conical and flattened, on the one hand because cylindrical or square retaining studs or holding devices, but in any case protruding vertically from the underside, would be difficult to release from the mold or matrix. On the other hand, conical-flattened, i.e. truncated cone-shaped retaining studs are well placed in the ground and hold the concrete element well against slipping or sliding, at least when setting or laying, because as soon as the individual concrete elements or blocks are firmly connected to one another, the sum of the friction of the connected, underside support surfaces seems to make the risk of slipping only a secondary factor.

[0017] Furthermore, the retaining studs can also be designed in the shape of a barb or claw. However, this requires that the concrete elements or blocks are given an uphill and downhill orientation that must be maintained.

[0018] A further preferred design variant of a concrete element system according to the invention with individual concrete elements or blocks according to the invention provides a preferably parallel arrangement of ribs or transverse grooves on their respective upper sides. These serve on the one hand to create a non-slip road surface, and on the other hand for drainage. They absorb sand, stones and gravel or even snow and ice and, thanks to their upper edges, provide a solid and clean contact surface. To ensure that these upper edges, but also the side edges of these ribs or transverse grooves, do not break off, they themselves, but preferably also all the remaining edges of a concrete element according to the invention, are chamfered or slightly rounded, again preferably already cast in this way.

[0019] The cross-sectional profile of the parallel ribs or transverse grooves can be regular, but is preferably a so-called sawtooth profile, which is described in more detail in the following figures. It is preferably arranged so that the longer, flatter flank of a sawtooth or rib points downhill and the shorter, steeper flank points uphill. Although this results in an uphill and downhill orientation of a concrete element or block according to the invention that must be maintained, it also has advantages in terms of drainage, the absorption of sand and stones, and the durability of the ribs.

[0020] Furthermore, with regard to drainage, it has been shown that lateral drainage of each individual transverse groove is the best solution in most applications, causing no or very little erosion. Nevertheless, a further design variant of a concrete element or block according to the invention is also to be disclosed here, which has a collecting channel, preferably cast into the surface, in the upper sides, parallel to the longitudinal flanks. All transverse grooves open into this collecting channel. In this way, the entire surface drainage of the surface of a concrete element or block takes place at the lower ends of these collecting channels or, if arranged in this way, at the lower corners of the concrete element or block or, in the case of a lateral incline, at one of the lower corners. Preferably, the collecting channel opens into a metal drainage channel, for example, which can also be cast into the connecting concrete piece between two concrete elements or blocks, for example. A good drainage channel for these purposes is, for example, a so-called “steel water coil” from Belloli SA in Grono, Canton Ticino, Switzerland.

[0021] Regarding the casting of concrete elements or blocks, it is preferable to add additives to the concrete during mixing which make it resistant to frost and de-icing salt.

[0022] Also with regard to the addition of additives, it is intended to give the concrete any RAL color when mixing it using color pigments, so that the concrete elements or stones fit perfectly into the respective landscape. For example, if a mountain massif consists of reddish colored conglomerate or conglomerate or jokingly called "God's concrete", the concrete elements or stones for a mountain road in this mountain massif are preferably given the same color.

[0023] The provisions of paragraphs [0021] and [0022] apply equally to the on-site

Laying cast connecting pieces. In addition, when casting these concrete connections, it is intended to use formwork which takes on the imaginary straight or curved connecting line between two laid concrete elements or blocks. For this purpose, appropriate formwork boards or plates are also provided according to the invention, which are held with C-shaped retaining brackets when the concrete is poured and are removed after hardening. Another alternative solution for this can be to cast a metal retaining bolt in the end area of the flanks of a concrete element or block according to the invention. These retaining bolts have a slightly projecting head onto which a formwork sheet can be placed using at least two U-shaped retaining slots and can be removed again after the concrete of the connection has hardened.

[0024] A further preferred design variant of a concrete element system according to the invention made up of individual concrete elements or blocks provides for a ball head anchor cast approximately centrally in the center of gravity, which is preferably arranged countersunk and allows the secure attachment of a ball head coupling and a crane ring, into which a crane hook can in turn be attached. In this way, the individual concrete elements or blocks can be easily placed and handled on site without a lifting eyelet protruding from each concrete element or block after setting or during operation of the concrete element system.

[0025] It is preferred to cast the countersinking of the ball head anchor using a preferably magnetic ball cap and a rubber or plastic sleeve. Furthermore, in order to further improve the fit of the ball head anchor in the concrete element or block, it is preferred to bend the part of the ball head anchor to be cast in the concrete element or block before casting.

[0026] The individual concrete elements can be easily stacked, not least by means of the countersunk ball head anchor described. For this purpose, stacking profiles, for example made of wood, are provided as accessories to the concrete element system according to the invention, which form-fit the geometrically irregular cross-sectional space between two ribs in the top of a concrete element or block and the bottom of a concrete element or block lying on top of it, so that the concrete elements or blocks are stacked horizontally on top of one another and the bottom of the concrete element or block lying on top does not damage the ribs of the concrete element or block lying underneath.

[0027] A concrete element system according to the invention or the individual concrete elements or blocks that form it can also be produced according to the invention by means of a first design variant of a casting mold or matrix that is also in itself according to the invention. This first casting mold or matrix preferably and in principle comprises four individual side plates that can be connected to one another, preferably by means of slotted flat iron or sheet metal strips and metal wedges, according to the principle of a mortise and tenon lock in timber construction. The fifth and sixth sides of the cuboid, preferably the two small side surfaces or flanks, are open. Because the casting mold or matrix can be placed upright on one of the two small side surfaces or flanks on a rubber mat, the concrete can be poured in from above through the opposite open small side surface and compacted or vibrated. The cast, unclad surface can be painted flush and after the concrete has hardened, the four side panels can be removed by removing the metal wedges and slotted flat iron or sheet metal strips.

[0028] The two side plates for the large side surfaces of the cuboid form the retaining studs for the underside of the concrete element or block in negative form on one side and the negative form for the ribs on the top of the concrete element or block on the other, opposite side. The two side plates for the front sides of the cuboid, on the other hand, have holes through which the reinforcing iron is held in the desired positions during casting, in such a way that the reinforcing iron extensions described according to the invention ultimately protrude from the casting mold or die.

[0029] A further, second and in itself again inventive embodiment

The second variant of a casting mold or matrix does not stand upright during casting, i.e. when filled with liquid concrete, but lies horizontally flat. This second casting mold or matrix basically consists of five side plates, which this time are firmly connected or welded to one another and thus form a kind of trough. Preferably the large side plate for the top of the cuboid, i.e. the one with the ribs, forms the bottom of the trough on which the casting mold or matrix rests. Four side plates, which are firmly connected as mentioned, form the edges of the trough, with the side plates on the two front sides each having a holder for a locking plate that can be mounted and removed again. The way it works during casting is explained in more detail below.

[0030] This second casting mold or matrix also has, on the bottom of the tub or the negative side plate mold for the ribbed top of the concrete element or block, a spherical cap with a central opening arranged approximately in the middle. A spherical head anchor and a sleeve can be inserted into this before casting and after casting results in a lifting device sunk into the concrete element or block, which ultimately does not protrude from the top of the concrete element or block in a disruptive manner.

[0031] Furthermore, this second casting mold or matrix has two retaining bolts with heads arranged to the right and left of the center of gravity. The casting mold or matrix with the hardened concrete element or block inside it can be turned by 180 degrees using a crane. Alternatively or additionally, two forklift pockets can be arranged on the underside of the "tub", as well as a lifting eye or a lifting bracket arranged centrally between these forklift pockets for lifting the casting mold or matrix with a crane, with the open side of the "tub" facing downwards, so that the hardened concrete element or the hardened concrete block can be easily removed from the casting mold or matrix.

[0032] The second casting mold or matrix described consists of fewer individual parts than the first and thus simplifies the casting and also the removal of the hardened concrete element or stone from the casting mold or matrix. A small disadvantage compared to the first casting mold or matrix is, however, that the retaining studs in the underside of the concrete element or stone are not cast in at the same time, as with the first casting mold or matrix. For this purpose, prefabricated retaining studs are glued or placed on the freshly flat and flush future underside of the concrete element or stone.

[0033] Optionally, a plate can be provided which can be placed loosely and negatively forms the retaining studs. By pressing this plate on or in particular by vibrations from a vibrator, the retaining studs can be formed in the still soft concrete.

[0034] The present application discloses a first method for using a concrete element system as disclosed with at least two concrete elements or blocks that can be connected to one another at the front, with retaining knobs on the underside, with transverse grooves on the top and with reinforcing iron extensions protruding from the front sides, by carrying out the following basic method steps:

a) - Preparation of the terrain by levelling and, if necessary, by creating a drainage ditch on the uphill side;

b) - laying and aligning a first concrete element or block with the underside of the retaining studs on the prepared ground and with the longitudinal direction of the concrete element or block generally upslope and with the transverse grooves such that the short flank of a single transverse groove or a single sawtooth from the transverse groove profile is arranged upslope;

c) - Laying and aligning at least one second concrete element or stone with the underside of the retaining studs on the prepared ground and with the longitudinal direction of the concrete element or stone also generally uphill and with the transverse grooves in such a way that the short flank of a single transverse groove or a single sawtooth from the transverse groove profile is also arranged uphill, and in such a way that a lower front side of the first concrete element or stone is adjacent to an upper front side of the second concrete element

or block or vice versa, the upper front side of the first concrete element or block comes to lie adjacent to the lower front side of the second concrete element or block; d) - aligning the concrete elements or blocks so that the reinforcing iron extensions of the first concrete element or block protruding from the front sides and those of the second concrete element or block come to lie in an interlocking manner;

e) - if desired, repeating the process steps b-d with a number of n concrete elements or blocks until a track of concrete elements or blocks is created;

f) - if desired, creating a second track of concrete elements or blocks, preferably parallel to the first track;

g) - Formwork of the spaces between the concrete elements or blocks by attaching formwork in the form of formwork panels, boards or sheets to the sides of the respective end areas of the concrete elements or blocks and fastening the formwork by means of C-shaped retaining brackets;

h) - Spraying the inside of the casings with release oil;

i) - creating the connections according to the invention between the individual concrete elements or blocks by pouring the gaps with liquid concrete;

)) - Compacting the poured concrete with an internal vibrator or a vibro-needle;

k) - allowing the concrete in the gaps or joints to harden;

I) - Removal of the C-shaped retaining brackets and the formwork at the gaps or joints;

m) - deburring and cleaning of the joints and the concrete elements or blocks;

n) - Filling with crushed stone, gravel or earth around the concrete elements or stones or between and along the tracks of concrete elements or stones.

[0035] The present application discloses a second method for producing the concrete elements or blocks forming the concrete element system according to the invention, which in turn are in accordance with the invention, by means of a first casting mold or matrix with four individual side plates that can be connected to one another, by means of slotted flat iron or sheet metal strips and metal wedges, by carrying out the following basic method steps:

a’) - Assemble the four individual side plates by inserting the slotted flat irons or sheet metal strips and driving the metal wedges into the slots in the slotted flat irons or sheet metal strips;

b’) - placing the mould or die with one small side surface or flank open upright on a rubber mat so that the opposite small side surface or flank remains open on top;

c’) - Spraying the inner surfaces of the side panels and the rubber mat with release oil;

d’) - Inserting the ball head anchor and the sleeve into the ball cap on the large side plate with the negative mold for the transverse grooves;

e’) - Inserting the reinforcing irons into the holes in the front side plates so that they protrude from the front side plates on the outside as reinforcing iron extensions; f’) - Pouring the liquid concrete through the small open side surface or flank on the top; g’) - Compacting the liquid concrete, for example with an internal vibrator or a vibrating needle;

h’) - Filling the mould or matrix with liquid concrete up to just above its upper edge; ’) - Smoothing the upper, open small side surface or flank, flush with the edges of the four side plates;

]) - Allow the concrete to harden;

k’) - knocking out the metal wedges from the slots in the slotted flat iron or sheet metal strips;

l’) - Removal of the slotted flat irons or sheet metal strips;

m’) - Remove the two large side panels;

n’) - removing the front side plates from the concrete element or block by pulling the front side plates out over the reinforcing iron extensions;

0’) - Lifting the concrete element or block and removing the rubber mat if necessary;

p’) - Deburring and cleaning of the concrete element or block as well as the four side panels.

[0036] The present application discloses a second method for producing the concrete elements or blocks according to the invention, which form the concrete element system according to the invention, by means of a second casting mold or matrix with a basically five-sided trough and two locking plates that can be locked at the front, by carrying out the following basic method steps:

a”) - Laying out the five-sided tray so that it lies horizontally on the large side surface with the transverse groove negative mold;

b”) - Inserting and locking the two locking plates, each on the front side surfaces;

c”) - Spraying the inside of the tub with release oil;

d”) - Inserting the ball head anchor and the sleeve into the ball cap on the underside of the tub with the transverse groove negative mold;

e”) - Inserting the reinforcing irons through holes in the two striking plates so that they protrude from the striking plates on the outside as reinforcing iron extensions;

f”) - pouring the tub with liquid concrete;

g”’) - compacting the liquid concrete, for example with an internal vibrator or a vibro-needle;

h”) - Fill with liquid concrete up to just above the upper edges of the tub;

i”’) - Scraping the cast upper surface of the mould or die flush with the edges of the tank;

]”) - Gluing or placing prefabricated retaining studs onto the cast upper side of the mould or the future underside of the concrete element or block;

k”) - allowing the concrete to harden;

I”) - turning the mould or die 180 degrees and placing it on top;

m”) - opening and removing the bolts on the locking plates;

n”) - lifting the mould or die so that the crane rope is under tension;

0”) - Removing the hardened concrete element or stone from the casting mould or matrix, if necessary by striking the casting mould or matrix with a rubber hammer;

p”) - lifting and removing the mould or die;

q”’) - Detaching the locking plates from the front surfaces of the concrete element or block and pulling them out over the reinforcing iron extensions;

r”) - Deburring and cleaning the concrete element or stone as well as the tub and the two locking plates.

[0037] A concrete element system according to the invention offers the following advantages:

- A solid and paved mountain road or path or even just a footbridge or path can be built without necessarily having to build a substructure and superstructure, a mountain ditch and a drainage system.

- The realization of a mountain road paved with a concrete element system according to the invention is less complex and time-consuming than with conventional methods mentioned above.

- Particularly steep mountain roads can be realized.

- The individual concrete elements or blocks or the entire concrete element system do not slip on the slope.

- There is virtually no erosion on the slope.

- The concrete elements or stones themselves hardly erode, so that a mountain road paved with a concrete element system according to the invention is a very durable and therefore cost-effective solution.

- The surface drainage is very good and can be carried out either simply on the long sides of a concrete element or stone from each transverse groove or via a collecting channel, for example at a lower corner of the concrete element or stone.

- By laying a concrete element system according to the invention, a solid surface for the vehicles is created, regardless of the weather.

- Existing mountain paths or roads can be expanded and paved relatively inexpensively.

- You get a very solid result without having to build a new building. - You don't release any plastic into the environment.

- With a concrete element system according to the invention, mountain roads and paths of any length can be realized.

- There is no displacement of the concrete elements or blocks relative to each other, neither lengthwise due to the longitudinal connection at the front ends nor, if desired or necessary, crosswise due to the optional cross connection at the flanks.

- Because only two lanes can be laid, nature is left with an unsealed green strip in the middle. This is more environmentally friendly than a road that is asphalted or concreted across its entire width.

- The sawtooth profile of the transverse grooves in the upper side of a concrete element according to the invention represents the optimal compromise between good surface drainage and the absorption of sand and stones and good grip for the tires of the vehicles.

- The concrete elements or blocks according to the invention are frost and de-icing salt resistant.

- The concrete elements or blocks according to the invention can be colored and thus blend in with the respective landscape.

- If provided, a fixed holder for the formwork sheets is integrated into the lateral end areas of the concrete elements or blocks. This facilitates the formwork and automatically results in the correct height of the formwork.

- A countersunk ball head anchor for lifting with a crane is integrated into a concrete element according to the invention. - The concrete elements or blocks according to the invention are easy to stack using form-fitting stacking profiles.

- Due to specially developed casting molds or matrices and corresponding manufacturing processes, the concrete elements or blocks according to the invention can be produced in large quantities and in consistent quality.

[0038] The disclosed different design variants of a concrete element system according to the invention can be combined with one another. For example, the design variants with or without mechanical connection can be combined as desired and reciprocally with the different design variants of a concrete element system according to the invention with or without reinforcing iron extensions in the flanks or the described retaining knobs and claws, and all of this in turn with the different design variants of a concrete element system further according to the invention with or without the described transverse grooves, whether in a regular or sawtooth profile. The same applies as desired, optionally and reciprocally, to the different design variants with or without the described collecting channel, as well as the design variants with or without the described formwork aids or those with or without the described countersunk ball head anchor.

[0039] Further or advantageous embodiments of a concrete element system according to the invention form the subject matter of the dependent claims.

[0040] The list of reference symbols is part of the disclosure.

[0041] The invention is explained in more detail symbolically and by way of example using figures. The figures are described in a coherent and comprehensive manner. They represent schematic and exemplary representations and are not to scale, including in the relationship of the individual components to one another. The same reference symbols mean the same component, reference symbols with different indices indicate components with the same function or similar components.

[0042] The figures show

Fig. 1 is a symbolic and exemplary perspective overall view of a mountain road paved with a concrete element system according to the invention;

Fig. 2 is a symbolic and exemplary, oblique, lateral and perspective overall view of a first embodiment of a concrete element or block according to the invention as an individual component of the concrete element system according to the invention from

Fig. 1, with a basically cuboid-shaped base body, protruding reinforcing iron extensions and an upper side with ribs or transverse grooves;

Fig. 3 is a symbolic and exemplary view obliquely from below of the first design variant of a concrete element or block according to the invention from Fig. 2, with an underside on which retaining knobs are designed;

Fig.4 is a symbolic and exemplary detailed view of a connection according to the invention between a first and a second concrete element or stone to form a further embodiment of a concrete element system according to the invention, with exemplary interlocking reinforcing iron extensions;

Fig. 5 is a symbolic and exemplary side view of a stack of individual concrete elements or blocks, with form-fitting stacking profiles;

Fig.6 is a symbolic and exemplary perspective view of a first embodiment of a further and in itself inventive casting mold or matrix for casting a concrete element or block according to the invention, with a front and a rear large side surface in this view as well as two front side plates;

Fig. 7 is a symbolic and exemplary perspective view of the rear large side surface according to the invention of the first embodiment of a casting mold or die from Fig. 6;

Fig. 8 is a symbolic and exemplary perspective view of the front large side surface according to the invention of the first embodiment of a casting mold or die from Fig. 6;

Fig. 9 is a symbolic and exemplary perspective view of a second embodiment of a further and in itself inventive casting mold or die or a tub that mainly forms it;

Fig. 10 is a symbolic and exemplary detailed view of the second embodiment of a casting mold or die according to the invention from Fig. 9, with an insertable and lockable locking plate and

Fig. 11 is a symbolic and exemplary perspective detailed view of the underside of the second embodiment variant of a casting mold or die according to the invention from Figures 9 and 10.

[0043] Fig. 1 shows a symbolic and exemplary as well as perspective overall view of a possible design variant of a concrete element system 100 according to the invention. On a mountain slope Bh, individual concrete elements or stones 1a, 1c, 1e, 1g, 1i, 1k, 1m, 10, 1g, 1s are arranged or laid in a left lane SpL and individual concrete elements or stones 1b, 1d, 1f, 1h, 1j, 1l, 1n, 1p, 1r, 1t are arranged or laid in a right lane SpR, in such a way that - shown by way of example on the concrete elements or stones 1b and 1d - they are aligned along a longitudinal axis La in such a way that a front side 2b of the concrete element or stone 1b and a front side 2d of the concrete element or stone 1d are opposite one another.

[0044] Concrete connections or connecting pieces 3b and 3a are arranged between the end faces 2b and 2d as well as 2a and 2c of the concrete elements or blocks 1a and 1c.

[0045] Furthermore, it is clear in this Fig. 1 that a green strip Gs remains between the left lane SpL and the right lane SpR. It is also clear that changes in direction to the left and right that deviate from the longitudinal axis La are compensated for by the connections or connecting pieces 3. This is also the case for changes in height or level that deviate from an approximately constant gradient St. Not least against this background, it becomes clear that particularly tight curves or bends can also be realized with concrete elements or stones 1a-1t that are bent to the left or right, as well as small hills with convex-concave curved or small depressions with concave-convex curved concrete elements.

or stones 1a-1t.

[0046] Fig. 2 shows an exemplary first embodiment of the concrete element or block 1d according to the invention, which can be the individual component of the concrete element system 100 according to the invention from Fig. 1. The basically cuboid-shaped base body has an upper side Os, a lower side Us and, in this view, a front flank F and an opposite, rear flank F". According to the invention, reinforcing iron extensions 4 protrude from the two end faces 2d and 2d'.

[0047] The concrete element or concrete block 1d is shown on a crane hook 5 with crane rings 6a6c. A ball head coupling 7 grips a countersunk ball head anchor, not visible here.

[0048] Ribs or transverse grooves 8 are arranged in the upper side Os. Each of these ribs or transverse grooves 8 forms a single "sawtooth" of a so-called sawtooth profile in cross-section. A longer, flatter flank 9a of this single sawtooth or rather this single transverse groove 8 is inclined downwards or oriented downhill, corresponding to a downhill orientation 10 of the concrete element or block 1d, and a shorter, steeper flank 9b is inclined upwards or oriented uphill, corresponding to an uphill orientation 11 of the entire concrete element or block 1d. The slope St again corresponds to the orientations 10 and 11, ideally, because this is how the absorption of sand and stones and the drainage of the transverse grooves 8 works best.

[0049] It should also be mentioned that the thirteen transverse grooves 8 shown are preferably arranged parallel to one another and at the same time basically approximately perpendicular to the longitudinal axis La of the concrete element or block 1d. Furthermore, it should also be mentioned that the side edges of the transverse grooves 8 and also the corner edges of the concrete element or block 1d have a bevel 12.

[0050] Fig. 3 shows the exemplary first embodiment variant of the concrete element 1d according to the invention from Fig. 2 in a perspective view obliquely from below. In this view, the underside Us is clearly visible and the retaining studs 13 arranged on it.

[0051] The remaining reference numerals are already known from Fig. 2 and therefore will not be mentioned further here.

[0052] In Fig. 4, two concrete elements or blocks 1u and 1v are shown, which are part of a concrete element system 100a and are arranged opposite one another with respective end faces 2f and 2e'. Six reinforcing iron extensions 4a protrude from one end face 2f and from the other end face 2e' and engage with one another.

[0053] This arrangement of the reinforcing iron extensions 4a of the two concrete elements or blocks 1u and 1v is embedded in concrete 14 and thus forms a fixed connection or a connecting piece 3c.

[0054] Fig. 5 shows an example of a side view of how a stack 200 of concrete elements or blocks 1w-1z according to the invention can be arranged. An uppermost concrete element 1w is still hanging on a crane hook 5a, crane rings 6d-6f and a ball head coupling 7a and was placed with a bottom side Us' on two stack profiles 15a and 15b. These can be wooden rods and have a specially shaped cross section that fits positively into a transverse groove 8a or 8b in a top side Os' of the concrete element or block 1x.

[0055] Fig. 6 shows a first casting mold or matrix 300a for casting a concrete element or block according to the invention. It comprises a rubber mat 16 (not visible in this view) on which the casting mold or matrix 300a is placed upright, as well as two large side plates 17a and 17b and two front side plates 18a and 18b that are also opposite each other. The large side plate 17a at the front in this view is the one for casting the underside with the holding knobs, using holding knob negative molds 19. The large side plate 17b at the back in this view has a transverse groove negative mold 20 on its inside.

[0056] The casting mold or die 300a can be assembled and disassembled using slotted flat iron or sheet metal strips 21 and metal wedges 22. After the concrete has hardened, the casting mold or die 300a is placed on the large side plate 17a using a lifting eye 39.

tilted.

[0057] Fig. 7 shows only the large side plate 17b from Fig. 6, which, with its transverse groove negative mold 20, ensures the casting of the transverse grooves in the later top of the concrete element or block. In this individual view, holes 23 arranged in the front side plate 18b are clearly visible. The reinforcing irons are pushed through these in such a way (please see Fig. 6 again) that they pass through the entire casting mold or die 300a and protrude from the front side plates 18a and 18b.

[0058] Furthermore, it is optionally provided that the holes 23 in the front side plates 18a and 18b are not exactly congruent. This measure prevents all cast concrete elements or blocks from having an identical front arrangement of reinforcing iron extensions and, if the concrete elements or blocks are laid out in a line, the opposing reinforcing iron extensions subsequently get in each other's way.

[0059] In Fig. 8, again only in an exemplary detail to the overall view of the casting mold or matrix 300a from Fig. 6, only the large side plate 17a for casting the underside of a concrete element or block according to the invention is shown. In this view, one can see an inner side 24 in which the holding knob negative molds 19 are arranged and furthermore that these negative molds 19 are shaped in a conically tapered manner.

[0060] Fig. 9 shows a second embodiment of a casting mold or die 300b according to the invention, which is basically formed from a tub 25 with a tub bottom 26 and four fixed tub edges. These four fixed tub edges are two flank-side side plates 27a and 27b and two front-side side plates 28a and 28b.

[0061] A locking plate 29a is arranged on the front side plate 28a, with holes 23b for the reinforcing iron. The corresponding locking plate is removed at the front of the front side plate 28b.

[0062] Furthermore, a retaining bolt 30 is arranged on the left flank side plate 27a. An identical retaining bolt arranged opposite on the right flank side plate provides the possibility of lifting and turning the casting mold or die 300b with a crane by 180 degrees, i.e. with the bottom side 26 of the tub facing upwards.

[0063] A spherical cap 31 with a central opening 32 is arranged approximately centrally on the bottom side 26 of the tub. A spherical head anchor and a sleeve can be inserted through the latter before casting.

[0064] In Fig. 10, the front side of the casting mold or die 300b shown in Fig. 9 is shown in more detail, but this time with a locking plate 29b inserted into the front side plate 28b. U-shaped slots 33 are arranged in the front side plate 28b so that they correspond to holes 23c in the locking plate 29b. This makes it possible, with the latch 34 made up of four retaining tabs 35a-35d removed as shown, to detach the tub 25 from the hardened concrete element or block despite the protruding reinforcement iron extensions.

[0065] Fig. 11 shows the underside of a tub bottom 26a of a casting mold or matrix 300c, which represents a further design variant of the casting mold or matrix 300b from Fig. 9 in that not only lateral retaining bolts 30a but also forklift pockets 36a and 36b are arranged. With the help of these forklift pockets 36a and 36b, the casting mold or matrix 300c can now be turned 180 degrees and laid down not only with a crane but also with a forklift. After the casting mold or matrix 300c has been laid down, it is lifted with a crane on a lifting bracket 37 with a hole 38 for the crane hook and released from the hardened concrete element or block.

LIST OF REFERENCE SYMBOLS

1a-1z - concrete element, concrete block 2a-2d, 2d’, 2e’, 2f - front side

3a-3c - connection, connecting piece 4, 4a - reinforcement iron extension

5, 5a - crane hook

6a-6f - Crane ring

7, 7a - Ball head coupling

8, 8a, 8b - rib, transverse groove, "sawtooth" 9a-9b - flank of 8

10 - Downhill alignment of 1

11 - Uphill alignment of 1

12 - Chamfer

13 - Holding knobs

14 - Concrete

15a, 15b - Stacking profile

16 - Rubber mat

17a, 17b - large side panel

18a, 18b - front side panel

19 - Holding knob negative mold

20, 20a - Cross groove negative form

21 - Long hole flat iron, sheet metal strip 22 - Metal wedge

23, 23a-23c - Bore

24 - Inside of 17a

25, 25a - tub

26, 26a - Tub bottom

27a, 27b - flank side plate 28a, 28b - front side plate 29a, 29b - strike plate

30, 30a - retaining bolt

31 - spherical cap

32 - central opening

33 - U-shaped slot

34 - Latch

35 - Retaining tab

36a, 36b - Forklift pockets

37 - Lifting bar

38 - Hole for crane hook

39 - Lifting eye

100, 100a - Concrete element system 200 - Stack 300a-300c - Casting mould or matrix

Bh - mountainside

F, F’- edge of 1

Gs - Green strip

La - Longitudinal axis of 1 Os, Os’ - Upper surface of 1 SpLl. - left track

SpR - right lane

St - Slope

Us, Us’ - subpage of 1

Claims (22)

Expectations 1. Concrete element system (100, 100a) for constructing a mountain road on a mountain slope (Bh) along a gradient (St), comprising at least two prefabricated concrete elements (1a-1z), each with an upper side (Os, Os') and a lower side (Us, Us') and each with a lower end face (2c, 2d, 2f), an upper end face (2a, 2b, 2d', 2e') and two opposing flanks (F, F') and each with a longitudinal axis (La) which approximately corresponds to the gradient (St), wherein the concrete elements (1a-1z) are each connected to the upper end face (2a, 2b, 2d', 2e') of the first concrete element (1a, 1b, 1v) and to the lower end face (2c, 2d, 2f) of the second concrete element (1c, 1d, 1u) with a connecting piece (3a3Cc) are connected to each other. 2. Concrete element system (100, 100a) according to claim 1, characterized in that the connecting piece (3a-3c) comprises reinforcing iron extensions (4, 4a) protruding from the end faces, which are embedded in concrete (14). 3. Concrete element system (100, 100a) according to claim 2, characterized in that opposing reinforcing iron extensions (4, 4a) are welded. 4. Concrete element system (100, 100a) according to claim 2, characterized in that opposing reinforcing iron extensions (4, 4a) are mechanically connected with stirrup clamps. 5. Concrete element system (100, 100a) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the concrete elements (1a-1z) form at least two parallel tracks (SpL, SpR). 6. Concrete element system (100, 100a) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the concrete elements (1a-1z) are approximately cuboid-shaped. 7. Concrete element system (100, 100a) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the concrete elements (1a-1z) have curved flanks (F, F’) and have the shape of a ring segment. 8. Concrete element system (100, 100a) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the concrete elements (1a-1z) have curved upper sides (Os, Os’) and lower sides (Us, Us’) and are concave-convex or convex-concave blocks. 9. Concrete element system (100, 100a) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the connecting piece (3a-3c) comprises at least one transverse force mandrel. 10. Concrete element system (100, 100a) according to one of the preceding claims 2-9, characterized in that reinforcing iron extensions (4, 4a) protrude from the flanks (F, F’) of the concrete elements (1a-1z). 11. Concrete element system (100, 100a) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that frustoconical retaining knobs (13) are arranged on the underside (Us, Us’) of the concrete elements (1a-1z). 12. Concrete element system (100, 100a) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that transverse grooves (8, 8a, 8b) are arranged on the upper side (Os, Os’) of the concrete elements (1a-1z). 13. Concrete element system (100, 100a) according to claim 12, characterized in that the transverse grooves (8, 8a, 8b) are arranged approximately parallel and approximately perpendicular to the longitudinal axis (La) of the concrete element (1a-1z) and have a sawtooth profile. 14. Concrete element system (100, 100a) according to one of the preceding claims 12-13, characterized in that the transverse grooves (8, 8a, 8b) open into a collecting channel. 15. Concrete element system (100, 100a) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the concrete of the concrete elements (1a-1z) is frost and de-icing salt resistant. 16. Concrete element system (100, 100a) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the concrete of the concrete elements (1a-1z) is colored with color pigments. 17. Concrete element system (100, 100a) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that retaining bolts for formwork sheets are cast into the flanks (F, F’”) of the concrete elements (1a-1z). 18. Concrete element system (100, 100a) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a ball head anchor is cast countersunk on the upper side (Os, Os’) of the concrete elements (1a-1z). 19. Use of prefabricated concrete elements (1a-1z) with reinforcing iron extensions (4, 4a) protruding from them and with on-site manufactured connecting pieces (3a-3C) between the concrete elements (1a-1z) for the construction of a mountain road. 20. Method for using a concrete element system (100, 100a) with at least two concrete elements (1a-1z) which can be connected to one another at their end faces (2a-2d, 2d', 2e', 2f) by means of connecting pieces (3a-3c), wherein the concrete elements (1a-1z) have reinforcing iron extensions (4, 4a) protruding from the end faces (2a-2d, 2d', 2e', 2f), retaining knobs (13) on the undersides (Us, Us') and transverse grooves (8, 8a, 8b) on the upper sides (Os, Os'), according to one of the preceding claims 1-18, characterized in that the following method steps are carried out: a) - Preparation of the terrain by levelling and, if necessary, by creating a drainage ditch on the uphill side; b) - laying and aligning a first concrete element (1a-1z) with the bottom side (Us, Us’) on the prepared ground and with a longitudinal axis (La) of the concrete element (1a-1z) approximately in an uphill orientation (11) and with the transverse grooves (8, 8a, 8b) such that a short flank (9b) of a single transverse groove (8, 8a, b) is arranged in the uphill orientation (11); c) - laying and aligning at least one second concrete element (1a-1z) with the underside (Us, Us’) on the prepared ground and with the longitudinal axis (La) of the concrete element (1a-1z) approximately in the uphill orientation (11) and with the transverse grooves (8, 8a, 8b) such that the short flank (9b) of the individual transverse groove (8, 8a, 8b) is arranged in the uphill orientation (11), and such that a lower end face (2c, 2d, 2f) of the first concrete element (1c, 1d, 1u) is adjacent to an upper end face (2a, 2b, 2d’, 2e’) of the second concrete element (1a, 1b, 1v) or vice versa the upper end face (2a, 2b, 2d’, 2e’) of the first concrete element (1c, 1d, 1u) adjacent to the lower end face (2c, 2d, 2f) of the second concrete element (1a, 1b, 1v); d) - aligning the concrete elements (1a-1z) such that the reinforcing iron extensions (4, 4a) of the first concrete element (1c, 1d, 1u) and those of the second concrete element (1a, 1b, 1v) protruding from the end faces (2a-2d, 2d', 2e', 2f) come to lie in an interlocking manner; e) - if desired, repeating process steps b-d with a number of n concrete elements until a track (SpL) of concrete elements (1a, 1c, 1e, 19, 1i, 1k, 1m, 10, 1g, 18) is created; f) - if desired, creating a second track (SpR) of concrete elements (1b, 1d, 1f, 1h, 1j, 1l, 1n, 1p, Ir, 14), preferably parallel to the first track (SpL); g) - Formwork of the spaces between the concrete elements (1a-1t) by laterally attaching formwork in the form of formwork panels, boards or sheets to the respective end areas of the concrete elements (1a-1t) and fastening the formwork by means of C-shaped retaining brackets; h) - Spraying the inside of the casings with release oil; i) - Creating the connecting pieces (3a, 3b) between the individual concrete elements (1a1t) by pouring the gaps with liquid concrete; )) - Compacting the poured concrete with an internal vibrator or a vibro-needle; k) - allowing the concrete in the gaps or connecting pieces (3a, 3b) to harden; 21. Austrian AT 18 189 U1 2024-04-15 I) - removing the C-shaped retaining brackets and the formwork at the gaps or connecting pieces (3a, 3b); m) - deburring and cleaning of the connecting pieces (3a, 3b) and the concrete elements (1a-1t); n) - filling with crushed stone, gravel or earth around the concrete elements (1a-1t) or between and along the tracks (SpL, SpR) of concrete elements (1a-1t). Method for producing the concrete elements (1a-1z) forming the concrete element system (100, 100a), by means of a first casting mold (300a) with four individual side plates (17a, 17b, 18a, 18b) which can be connected to one another by means of slotted flat iron (21) and metal wedges (22), by carrying out the following basic method steps: a’) - Assembling the four individual side plates (17a, 17b, 18a, 18b) by inserting the slotted flat irons (21) and hammering the metal wedges (22) into the slots of the slotted flat irons (21); b’) - placing the casting mould (300a) with an open small side surface or flank upright on a rubber mat (16) so that the opposite small side surface or flank of the casting mould (300a) remains open on the top; c’) - spraying the inner surfaces of the side plates (17a, 17b, 18a, 18b) and the rubber mat (16) with release oil; d’) - Inserting the ball head anchor and the sleeve into the ball cap (31) on the large side plate (17b) with the transverse groove negative mold (20); e’) - inserting the reinforcing irons into the holes (23, 23a) in the front side plates (18a, 18b) in such a way that they protrude from the front side plates (18a, 18b) on the outside as reinforcing iron extensions (4, 4a); f) - pouring the liquid concrete through the small open side surface or flank on the top; g’) - compacting the liquid concrete, for example with an internal vibrator or a vibro-needle; h’) - filling the mould (300a) with liquid concrete up to just above its upper edge; ’) - smoothing the upper, open small side surface or flank, flush with the edges of the four side plates (17a, 17b, 18a, 18b); ]J) - Allowing the concrete to harden; 22. k’) - knocking out the metal wedges (22) from the slots in the slotted flat irons (21); l’) - removing the slotted flat irons (21); m’) - Removal of the two large side panels (17a, 17b); n’) - removing the front side plates (18a, 18b) from the concrete element (1a-1z) by pulling out the front side plates (18a, 18b) over the reinforcing iron extensions (4, 4a); 0’) - Lifting the concrete element (1a-1z) and removing the rubber mat (16), if necessary; p’) - Deburring and cleaning of the concrete element (1a-1z) and the four side plates (17a, 17b, 18a, 18b). Method for producing the concrete elements (1a-1z) forming the concrete element system (100, 100a), by means of a second casting mould (300b, 300c) with a five-sided trough (25, 25a) and two locking plates (29a, 29b) that can be locked at the front, by carrying out the following basic method steps: a’”’) - laying out the five-sided tray (25, 25a) so that it lies horizontally on the large underside side surface (26, 26a) with the transverse groove negative form (20a); b”) - inserting and locking (34) the two locking plates (29a, 29b), each on the front side surfaces (28a, 28b); c”) - Spraying the inside of the tank with release oil; d”) - Inserting the ball head anchor and the sleeve into the ball cap (31) on the bottom side of the tub (26, 26a) with the transverse groove negative mold (20a); e”) - inserting the reinforcing irons through holes (23b, 23c) in the two locking plates (29a, 29b) so that they protrude from the locking plates (29a, 29b) on the outside as reinforcing iron extensions (4, 4a); f”’) - pouring the tank (25, 25a) with liquid concrete; g’”’) - compacting the liquid concrete, for example with an internal vibrator or a vibro-needle; h”) - Fill with liquid concrete up to just above the upper edges of the tub; i”’) - scraping the cast top of the mould (300b, 300c) flush with the edges of the tub; ]”) - gluing or placing prefabricated retaining studs (13) onto the cast upper side of the casting mould (300b, 300c) or onto the future underside of the concrete element; k”) - allowing the concrete to harden; I”) - turning the mold (300b, 300c) by 180 degrees and placing it on top; m”) - opening and removing the bolts (34) on the locking plates (29a, 29b); n”) - lifting the mould (300b, 300c) so that the crane rope is under tension; 0”) - Removing the hardened concrete element from the casting mould (300b, 300c), if necessary by striking the casting mould (300b, 3000) with a rubber hammer; p”) - lifting and removing the mold (300b, 3000); q”) - Detaching the locking plates (29a, 29b) from the front surfaces (2a-2d, 2d’, 2e’, 2f) of the concrete element (1a-1z) and pulling them out over the reinforcing iron extensions (4, 4a); r”) - Deburring and cleaning the concrete element (1a-1z) as well as the trough (25, 25a) and the two locking plates (29a, 29b). 11 sheets of drawings