EP0139215B1 - Mould with movable parts for precast concrete units - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A manufacturing device for the fabrication of relatively large, plate-like finished concrete parts, more particularly finished slabs in the shape of so-called hollow concrete slabs, which have a plurality of cylindrical and parallel cavities, with the following features : a) mould elements (5), more particularly tubes, which are arranged accordingly, are provided for moulding and can be mechanically displaced substantially horizontally along guides, between an inserted position (11), located in the mould space (10) which is to be filled with concrete and designed both for the finished part or for a plurality of finished parts, and a withdrawn position (12), which is taken up after concreting and is located outside the mould space (10), b) the mould space (10) is limited or subdivided by a pallet (8), which is arranged so that it can be pushed in or pulled out and which forms the approximately horizontal mould base (9), and by side walls (3), which are approximately parallel to the direction of displacement of the mould elements (5) and are arranged to the side of the mould elements (5) at the longitudinal edges of the pallet (8), and also by transverse walls (transverse stop means) (7) and in some cases longitudinal stop means, c) the side walls (3) each have an upper (15), a middle (17) and a lower (19) wall portion, in which the middle wall portion (17) projects relative to the lower portion (17) and the upper portion (15) into the interior (10') of the mould space, being characterised by the following features : d) the upper wall portion (15) is slightly inclined upwardly towards the mould space (10) and is guided for displacement approximately at right angles to the pallet (8), e) the middle wall portion (17) is formed by a wall element (6) which can be displaced together with the mould elements (5) between the moulding position (13) or the inserted position (11) and the mould release position (14) or the withdrawn position (12), f) the lower wall portion is formed by a side wall extension (19) of the pallet (8), on which the wall element (6) is guided.

Description

The invention relates to a manufacturing device for the production of relatively large, plate-shaped precast concrete parts, in particular for prefabricated ceilings in the form of so-called 8-tone hollow planks, with the features of the preamble of claim 1.

Large plate-shaped prefabricated parts of the type in question here are provided with column-shaped cavities running in the longitudinal direction in order to emulate the effect of a T-beam, i. H. The finished parts are subjected to tension in the lower chord area and to pressure in the upper chord area, while the webs remaining between the cavities serve to connect these two belt zones. This ensures the large-volume cavities when molding. that one inserts a corresponding number of parallel tubes into the mold space above the pallet forming the mold base, which engage in corresponding bores of transverse supports, which are arranged transversely to the direction of displacement of these tubes and which limit or subdivide the mold space, if there are several on the same pallet Finished parts corresponding to smaller and different sizes are to be produced in one operation. In this insertion state of the pipes, the molding space formed above the pallet in a manner to be described in more detail is poured and compacted with concrete, after which the pipes are pulled out of the molding space again. This is generally known and has basically been used for a long time for the finished parts in question here.

The manufacture of such prefabricated parts - especially for the assembly of ceilings - is a particular technical problem in that the individual finished parts have to be connected to one another to form a finished ceiling or wall at the construction site in such a way that neighboring finished parts with different levels of stress do not conflict with each other move and thus form cracks in the joints. Since the prefabricated parts basically overlap one longitudinal ceiling extension from one retaining wall to the other in this longitudinal direction, this problem of the transfer of forces occurs between the longitudinal side walls of adjacent prefabricated parts, several of which are arranged next to one another and thus form the ceiling in the other direction of extension.

According to a known concept, these force-transmitting side connections are achieved in that the adjacent side walls of the finished parts are formed with undercuts, which then form a cavity which is open in the form of a gap at the top and which is delimited by the undercuts. This cavity is filled with in-situ concrete. Because of this design, adjacent precast panels can be supported against one another in such a way that compressive forces can be transferred to the respective neighboring precast element without displacement. According to another known embodiment, the side walls in question are conically narrowing upwards, so that these side walls enclose a wedge-shaped cavity between two adjacent prefabricated parts. In order to be able to ensure the force-transmitting connection here by filling with in-situ concrete, end areas of reinforcing bars of the precast elements must be inserted into this wedge-shaped cavity.

• Für den Fall, daß man hinterschnittene Seitenwandausbildungen vorsieht, die dann ohne aus der Seitenwandung herausgeführte Bewehrung mit Nachbar-Fertigteilen dadurch verbunden werden, daß der im Bereich der beiden Hinterschneidungen benachbarter Fertigteile entstehende Hohlraum mit Ortbeton verfüllt wird, verursacht das Entformen eines frisch hergestellten Fertigteiles dadurch Schwierigkeiten, daß man wegen der Hinterschneidungen keinen nach oben abziehbaren Formraumrand vorsehen kann. Man hat daher abklappbare Formwandungen im Bereich der fraglichen, hinterschnitten ausgebildeten Seitenwandungen der Fertigteile vorgesehen, die allerdings ein praktisch senkrechtes Abziehen einer solchen Formwandung von einer frisch geformten ßetonwand verlangt, wodurch Beschädigungen an dem Formling praktisch unvermeidlich sind. Man war daher gezwungen, jede einzelne Palette mit solchen abschwenkbaren Formseitenwänden zu versehen, da der Formling auf der Palette verbleibt, bis er derart erhärtet ist, daß er beschädigungsfrei von der Palette gelöst werden kann. Dann lassen sich auch die Formseitenwände ohne Beschädigung des Fertigteils von diesem abziehen. Da für ein ßetoniergerät jeweils eine Vielzahl von Paletten zur Verfügung gestellt werden muß, um die Trocknungszeit der Fertigteile zu ermöglichen, verursacht diese teuere Ausbildung jeder einzelnen Palette hohe Kosten für die Herstellanlage und damit letztlich für die Fertigteile. Darüber hinaus gestaltet sich die Säuberung der Paletten nach Entfernen der erhärteten Fertigteile durch die angelenkten Seitenwandungen und deren Betätigung entsprechend zeitaufwendig.

The problems of both of these known solutions generally lie in the effort that must be taken to manufacture such finished parts. This effort can have its focus in the design of the overall device for the molding, but this focus can also be in the work to be done:

• In the event that undercut side wall designs are provided, which are then connected to neighboring prefabricated parts without reinforcement leading out of the side wall by filling the cavity created in the area of the two undercuts of adjacent prefabricated parts with in-situ concrete, this causes the demoulding of a freshly produced prefabricated part Difficulties that because of the undercuts, it is not possible to provide an edge of the mold space that can be removed upwards. Foldable mold walls have therefore been provided in the area of the undercut side walls of the finished parts in question, which, however, require a practically vertical pulling off of such a mold wall from a freshly formed concrete wall, as a result of which damage to the molding is practically inevitable. It was therefore necessary to provide each individual pallet with such swiveling mold side walls, since the molding remains on the pallet until it has hardened in such a way that it can be detached from the pallet without damage. Then the mold side walls can be removed from the finished part without damaging it. Since a large number of pallets has to be made available for a concrete mixer in order to allow the drying time of the finished parts, this expensive design of each individual pallet causes high costs for the manufacturing system and thus ultimately for the finished parts. In addition, the cleaning of the pallets is correspondingly time-consuming after removal of the hardened finished parts by the articulated side walls and their actuation.

If you choose the other solution in the design of the prefabricated parts with inclined side walls, you can arrange the mold side walls at a corresponding incline in the concreting unit itself and pull it off the molding by vertical movement upwards hen, although this is not easy and damage-free for the finished part due to the relatively large side wall area. These inclined side mold walls must in any case have openings for the passage of the reinforcing bars into the wedge-shaped cavity to be formed later with the neighboring part, through which openings. which must be free at the bottom in the form of a slot. freshly poured concrete can escape, which makes post-cleaning work possible. In addition, the protruding ends of the reinforcing bars must be bent upwards. Finally, this procedure requires that the reinforcement for the finished part is only applied to the pallet when it is already in the manufacturing device for concreting the mold. This inevitably increases the length of time that each pallet stays in the manufacturing device, which worsens the work cycle for manufacturing a finished part.

In a known manufacturing device - DE-A-3 203 158 - a formwork box is fixed in different positions within the mold space formed by the entire pallet base in that it is held laterally by two adjacent moldings, as otherwise used for the formation of the cavities within the Concrete floorboards are used. The two adjacent molded bodies holding the formwork box to be addressed as a longitudinal rack engage in the insertion position in openings which are provided in relatively far apart end walls or cross racks. The formwork box only bears against the mold base formed by the pallet, as long as the stiffness of the structure from the formwork box and the two inserted moldings resists a buoyancy force. Such a buoyancy force is not negligible by pouring concrete into the mold space and then shaking it, because the concrete that is compacting towards the mold base tries to dodge to the side and pushes against the inclined surfaces of the lower wall areas of the side walls of the formwork box and also on the lower, in the wall part projecting from the respective molded part space, the molded body exerts a resulting buoyancy movement. This leads to gaps at least in the contact area of the formwork box on the mold floor, into which the concrete bleeds. As a result of this bleeding, it is not possible for concrete hollow planks to lie close together in this longitudinal side area or require temporary cleaning work. Such hollow concrete planks, which are kept narrower than the normal width by using the formwork boxes, are basically only used as so-called fitting panels in one or both end areas of a series of several adjacent concrete hollow planks, so that the fitting panels formed using the formwork box lie on the wall with this bled-out longitudinal edge, which the Ceiling supports, and do not lie against another long edge of a hollow concrete floorboard. Otherwise, longitudinal racks, like this formwork box, and also transverse racks are only lifted off the pallet after advanced setting of the filled concrete and thus separated from the adjacent side wall sections, so that the upper and lower wall areas in total. which have the same inclinations, as seen upwards towards the respectively adjacent molding space, for which the molding can be removed with little damage. Such a procedure is not suitable for rapid removal, and considerable cleaning work is also required.

A known manufacturer of the type mentioned at the beginning - DE-A-3 038 871 - works with the device associated side walls of the mold space, which, seen in the longitudinal direction, have a central wall section projecting into the mold space, so that the longitudinal side walls of the each molded precast concrete part with an undercut for receiving in-situ concrete in the course of the connection between such prefabricated parts. For the demoulding of the freshly cast finished part, the side walls of the mold are pivotably mounted on parallel links in such a way that they can each be pivoted in one plane parallel to that of the pallet. In the shaped position, the two side walls are the closest to each other. For removal from the mold, the side walls are initially moved away from them with a predominantly tangential and then with an ever increasing vertical component to the longitudinal side wall of the fresh molding. Depending on the order of magnitude of the arc of motion and depending on the flow stability of the freshly formed concrete, a more or less damage-free demoulding can be achieved with this relatively complex device. However, the total area to be detached from the freshly formed finished part of the one-piece side wall is also relatively large as a result of the projecting design of the central wall section, so that considerable adhesive forces occur between the side wall and the adjacent concrete, which in turn increases the risk of damage.

Using this known manufacturing device one is able. for the production of relatively large, plate-shaped prefabricated concrete parts, in particular for prefabricated ceilings in the form of so-called hollow concrete planks, to proceed in such a way that a large number of pallets assigned to only one production device, each designed freely from mechanically moving parts, starting from the production device with one or more freshly formed ones and from the moldings and the side walls the mold released finished parts are successively loaded to a drying station. in which the pallets - preferably in different levels - are placed, removed from the concrete after the concrete has hardened, and then fed to an unloading station, in which the finished parts are separated from the pallets, which are then cleaned and fed to a reinforcement station, in which the required reinforcing bars are inserted with or to the transverse supports and possibly also longitudinal supports in the mold space, whereupon each pallet prepared in this way is transferred into the area of the mold of the manufacturing device, after which the moldings and the side walls of the mold are moved into the molding position, whereupon followed by the filling of the mold space with concrete, after its first solidification, the release of the finished part (s) shaped on the pallet by pulling out the moldings and swiveling the side walls of the mold, after which the pallet is used in the manufacturing device and taken to the drying station and so on.

The invention has for its object to improve the manufacture of the plate-shaped finished parts in question in such a way that the manufacturing outlay is reduced both in terms of the design of the overall devices involved in the manufacture and in terms of processing time, so that the finished parts can be produced more easily and more cheaply.

Starting from a manufacturing device with the features of the preamble of claim 1, this object is achieved according to the invention by its characteristics.

According to the invention it is achieved to produce finished parts with undercut side walls without the side walls of the mold space having to be designed to be foldable on the pallets. Rather, these side walls of the molding space are assigned to the manufacturing device in a stationary manner and are held in a displaceable manner thereon. The wall parts of the wall body forming the majority of these molded side walls are removed by pulling them off in the direction of displacement of the tubular molded body from the side walls of the freshly formed finished part without damaging it. The remaining, narrow upper edge strips only engage in a small area on the corresponding upper edge areas of the side walls of the freshly molded finished part, so that they can be released easily and also without damage, for example as part of the upward movement of a mold frame guided on the device frame. This makes it possible to shape the undercut side walls of the freshly molded finished part, the pallet carrying the molding is correspondingly simple, it consists of only a flat plate which can be provided with side wall projections. on which the wall body can then move guided attack.

In a preferred embodiment, the wall bodies, like the shaped bodies, are designed as tubes and, furthermore, can preferably be actuated in synchronism by the same displacement mechanism.

Since the reinforcement bars do not have to penetrate any mold walls, the reinforcement for the finished part can be arranged on the pallet in a processing station upstream of the manufacturing device, as is also the case for transverse and longitudinal supports if several, correspondingly shorter and / or narrower finished parts are to be produced. At least the cross racks also serve to align and hold the reinforcing bars, for which purpose the cross racks are in particular formed in two parts. The lower lower parts of the cross racks are placed on the pallet surface or positioned there before the reinforcing bars are applied, they are designed in such a way that they simplify the insertion of the reinforcing bars in the longitudinal direction of the respective production part and make them particularly precise. Thereafter, the upper parts of the cross racks are placed on the lower parts, which can happen before the pallet is inserted into the manufacturing device for concreting the finished part (s), but some or all upper parts of the transverse racks can only be applied to the associated lower parts within the manufacturing device are, at least partially also in a fixed arrangement on the mold frame of the device.

Due to the fact that the mold side parts and at least part of the racks remain within the mold frame of the device, the demolding of the hardened finished parts from the pallets is particularly simple and time-saving, especially when one considers that after the hardening, the preparation of the pallet, namely cleaning and oiling , can take place much more time-saving than is the case with the known pallets with hinged side walls. In the embodiment according to the invention, a total of two successive movement processes are required for the shaping of the freshly formed production part, namely the removal of the wall body and the subsequent lifting of the mold frame, but the first work process of pulling off the wall body is synchronous with the extraction of the mold body which is required anyway to carry out, so that only the lifting of the mold frame as a working step over the required extraction time of the moldings is required. This extremely small additional time requirement for a pallet to remain within the manufacturing device is far exceeded in the known procedure by the time and effort involved in removing the cured molding from the Pallet by folding down the mold side walls provided on the pallet edges and then cleaning the hardened concrete. Oiling and the like is required.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, in the event that the connection in the longitudinal side area between adjacent prefabricated concrete parts of the type in question is subjected to particularly high loads, it can be ensured that the precast concrete elements have reinforcing bars protruding into the space formed by their undercuts. For this purpose, the pallet is provided with slots in its edge areas in such a way that reinforcing bars running transversely to the longitudinal direction can be inserted there. The slots are dimensioned such that the space remaining after inserting a reinforcing iron into the slot base is closed by the guide rail of the wall body which retracts when the mold is closed. Here, too, the advantage is retained that the reinforcement can be fully inserted on the pallet.

In a further preferred embodiment, a bushing is inserted into the correspondingly larger openings in the outer brackets for receiving the shaped bodies, and the sliding property can be adapted to the shaped bodies. Preferably, at least the bushings of at least one of the two transverse racks, which limit the shape in the longitudinal direction, are provided with lugs which are directed downwards towards the mold space floor and touch it as far as possible. The lugs are embedded in corresponding channels in the lower parts of the cross racks. In this way it is achieved that the hollow bodies formed by the shaped bodies are aerated in the finished part and that water collecting there can flow off via the channels formed by the lugs.

A method according to the invention for manufacturing using a manufacturing device according to one of claims 9 to 24 results from claim 25.

Furthermore, according to the invention, a prefabricated concrete part produced according to one of Claims 4 to 26 is made available, which is characterized according to Claim 27 in that reinforcing bars emerging from the side walls below the undercuts are provided.

• Fig. 1 eine stark schematisierte Draufsicht auf den Formraum mit Formrahmen, Formseitenwandungen und Formkörpern der Ausführungsbeispiele des Herstellungsgerätes mit nur bereichsweise angedeutetem Rahmengestell und Vertikalführung für den Formrahmen, nach einer ersten Ausführungsform ;
• Fig. 2 einen vergrößerten Teilschnitt nach der Linie 11-11 in Fig. 1 ;
• Fig. 3 eine Teilansicht zweier benachbarter Fertigteile mit einander zugewandter nach dem Formseitenwandprofil gemäß Fig. 2 ausgeformter Seitenwandung ;
• Fig. 4 und 5 einen schematisierten Querschnitt durch den Formraum, gebildet aus der Palette als Formraumboden und den Wandungskörpern und Wandungsabschnitten als Seitenwandungen mit einer Breitseitenansicht eines Querabstellers in Verschieberichtung der Wandungs- bzw. Formkörper gesehen, einmal bei geschlossener Form und einmal in Explosionsansicht bei abgehobenem Formrahmen, nach der ersten Ausführungsform ;
• Fig. 6 einen vergrößerten Teilausschnitt der Breitseitenansicht eines Querabstellers gem. Fig. 4;
• Fig. 7 eine Draufsicht auf die dem Oberteil zugewandte Fläche des Unterteiles im Bereich der Trennfuge zwischen beiden Teilen des Querabstellers gem. Fig. 5 ;
• Fig. 8 bis 11 Schnitte durch den Querabsteller gemäß den Linien VIII-VIII, IX-IX, X-X und XI-XI in Fig. 6 ;
• Fig. 12 einen vergrößterten Teilschnitt nach der Linie 11-11 in Figur 1 nach einer zweiten Ausführungsform ;
• Fig. 13 eine Teilansicht zweier benachbarter Fertigteile mit einander zugewandter nach dem Formseitenwandprofil gem. Fig. 12 ausgeformter Seitenwandung ;
• Fig. 14 und 15 einen schematischen Querschnitt durch den Formraum, gebildet aus der Palette als Formraumboden und den Wandungskörpern und Wandungsabschnitten als Seitenwandungen mit einer Breitseitenansicht eines Querabstellers im Verschieberichtung der Wandungs- bzw. Formkörper gesehen, einmal bei geschlossener Form und einmal in Explosionsansicht bei abgehobenem Formrahmen, nach der zweiten Ausführungsform ;
• Fig. 16 einen vergrößerten Teilausschnitt der Breitseitenansicht eines Querabstellers gem. Fig. 14 ;
• Fig. 17 eine Draufsicht auf die dem Oberteil zugewandte Fläche des Unterteiles im Bereich der Trennfuge zwischen beiden Teilen des Querabstellers gem. Fig. 15 ;
• Fig. 18 einen Schnitt durch den Querabsteller nach der Linie XVIII-XVIII in Fig. 16.

Further embodiments of the invention result from the subclaims. The invention is explained in more detail with reference to the exemplary embodiments shown in the drawing. Show it :

• Figure 1 is a highly schematic plan view of the mold space with mold frame, mold side walls and moldings of the embodiments of the manufacturing device with only partially indicated frame and vertical guide for the mold frame, according to a first embodiment.
• Figure 2 is an enlarged partial section along the line 11-11 in Fig. 1.
• FIG. 3 shows a partial view of two adjacent finished parts with a side wall which is shaped according to the molded side wall profile according to FIG. 2;
• 4 and 5 is a schematic cross section through the mold space, formed from the pallet as the mold space floor and the wall bodies and wall sections as side walls with a broad side view of a transverse switch in the direction of displacement of the wall or molded body, once in the closed form and once in the exploded view when lifted off Form frame, according to the first embodiment;
• Fig. 6 is an enlarged partial section of the broad side view of a cross switch acc. Fig. 4;
• Fig. 7 is a plan view of the upper part facing surface of the lower part in the region of the parting line between the two parts of the cross switch acc. Fig. 5;
• Fig. 8 to 11 sections through the cross switch according to lines VIII-VIII, IX-IX, XX and XI-XI in Fig. 6;
• 12 shows an enlarged partial section along the line 11-11 in FIG. 1 according to a second embodiment;
• Fig. 13 is a partial view of two adjacent finished parts with each other according to the mold side wall profile. Fig. 12 molded side wall;
• 14 and 15 is a schematic cross section through the mold space, formed from the pallet as the mold space floor and the wall bodies and wall sections as side walls with a broad side view of a transverse rack in the direction of displacement of the wall or molded body, once in the closed form and once in the exploded view when lifted off Form frame, according to the second embodiment;
• Fig. 16 is an enlarged partial section of the broad side view of a cross switch acc. Fig. 14;
• 17 is a plan view of the surface of the lower part facing the upper part in the region of the parting line between the two parts of the transverse switch. Fig. 15;
• 18 shows a section through the transverse stop along the line XVIII-XVIII in FIG. 16.

The top view according to FIG. 1 shows only a hint of the device frame 1, on the vertical guides 2 protruding into the image plane, the side parts (not shown in detail) which are connected to a frame 3 'and which form the side walls 3 of the mold frame when the on the Holders 4 are retracted into the mold together with the tubular shaped bodies 5 held by the wall body 6, as is shown by the displacement position of the holder 4, and thus the shaped body 5 and the wall body 6, shown by solid lines. Transverse racks 7, several of which extend, run transversely to the direction of displacement of the holder 4 or the molded body 5 and the wall body 6 can be provided, depending on how many longitudinal sections of prefabricated parts are to be produced in the mold space designated overall by 10. In the case of producing only a correspondingly long finished part in the molding space 10, only those are. in the longitudinal end regions of the mold space arranged transverse rack 7 is provided. In dashed lines, a pallet 8 is shown, which forms the mold bottom 9 of the mold space 10 when it is inserted into the device.

The holder 4 with the shaped bodies 5 and the two lateral wall bodies 6 is shown in dashed lines - in the direction of the double arrow shown in FIG. 1 - in the position in which the tubular bodies 5 and 6 are pulled out of the molding space 10. The bodies are in this position shown in dashed lines, for example, when a freshly formed molding is to be removed from the mold. The position of the parts 4, 5 and 6 shown in solid lines is therefore referred to with regard to the molded bodies 5 as the insertion position and with regard to the wall bodies 6 as the molded layer, while the position shown in broken lines for the molded bodies 5 is referred to as the extended layer 12 and with respect to the wall bodies 6 as the mold release layer 14 .

The sliding guide for the holder 4, to which the shaped bodies 5 and the wall bodies 6 are fastened, is not shown any further. It is firmly connected to the device frame 1.

The enlarged partial cross section according to FIG. 2 shows only one side region of the molding space 10 with the side wall 3, which results from a plurality of partial surfaces when the wall body 6 is shifted into the molding position 13 (FIG. 1), which faces the mold interior 10 '. The molding frame 3 'has a wall section 15 which delimits the upper edge region 24 of the molding space 10 and is slightly inclined to expand the molding space 10 towards the bottom. The wall section 15 runs towards the bottom seen in an edge 16 which adjoins the outer surface of the wall body 6. This lateral surface has a wall part 17 that bulges out toward the interior 10 'of the mold space, which extends from the edge 16 to a guide rail 18 to which the wall body 6, which is designed as a tube, is firmly connected. This guide rail 18 comprises the freely protruding edge part of a side wall extension 19, which is formed on the pallet 8 or is fixedly arranged thereon. The same relationships are present in mirror image in the other side wall area, not shown.

Fig. 2 shows the situation with «closed» mold space 10, which means that a pallet 8 is inserted into the device supported by the device frame 1, whereupon the mold frame 3 'is lowered via the indicated vertical guide 2 until it reaches the position shown occupies. Then the wall body 6 and the molded body 5 are inserted into the molding space, which is to be indicated by their cross hatching. So that the side wall 3 of the mold space 10 is closed, which means that between the outer surface of the wall body 6 and the edge 16 of the wall section 15 and between the guide 18 and the side wall extension 19 there are such dense conditions that that in the mold space 10 in the shown Condition now concrete to be filled can not escape through these contact points. In order to keep the tubular wall body 6 in the direction of this sealing system over its length, supports 20 are provided which are held on the molding frame 3 '. These supports 20 are provided at regular intervals over the length of the tubular wall body 6 in its shaping position.

After concreting the molding space 10 and solidifying the concrete in such a way that the finished part thus obtained holds without support, the wall body 6 together with the molding 5 are first pulled out of the molding space. The forces exerted on the adjacent surfaces of the fresh prefabricated part are tangential in nature, so that no adhesive effects occur which could damage the surface of the corresponding concrete walls of the fresh prefabricated part. Then the mold frame 3 'is raised. All that has to be done is to loosen the narrow surface strip between the wall section 15 and the adjacent surface part of the fresh finished part. While the wall body 6 and the molded body 5 are pulled off with the fresh finished part supported by an end wall, in this case that of the last transverse stop in the pulling direction, this is not the case when the mold frame 3 'is lifted off with respect to the upper edge of the mold space 10. Therefore, the wall section 15 is slightly inclined and narrow, as seen in the vertical direction, so that the release process can be carried out without damage.

In the upper edge area of the molding space 15 knobs 42 are provided in the area of the wall sections, which are used to hold cross supports 7. For this purpose, they are provided with groove sections 43 at a corresponding point, as is indicated in FIG. 3. The engagement between the knobs 42 and the groove sections 43 of the transverse racks 7 serves for their precise positioning in different positions in the molding space 10, depending on the length of a finished part to be produced.

Fig. 3 shows two pre-cast finished parts, which have the same shape as the cross racks 7 and have corresponding names. These parts are assigned to one another with their end faces. It can be seen that a cavity 25 is formed due to the wall parts 17, which is poured at the construction site with in-situ concrete.

4 and 5 show a view into the molding space along the direction of displacement of the molded body 5 and the wall body 6 onto the corresponding broad side of a transverse switch 7. The transverse switch has run through a horizontal plane de Parting line 26 divided into a lower part 27 and an upper part 28, as can be seen in particular from the correspondingly exploded view according to FIG. 5. In the closed state of the mold, that is, when the upper part 28 rests on the lower part 27, the two parts of the transverse stop 7 form openings 29 into which the molded bodies 5 can be inserted. Fig. 4 shows that the knobs 42 engage in groove sections 43, which are introduced in the upper side edge region of the transverse switch 7 or its upper part 28. The contour of the end faces 41 of the transverse switch 7 corresponds to the contour of the side wall 3, so that the transverse switch 7 forms an end to the molding space 10.

The lower part 27 of the transverse rack 7 is kept so low that it does not exceed the height of the side wall extensions 19. The height of the lower part 27 is preferably more than 4 cm, so that the pallet is also suitable for the shaping of ceiling panels, which are filled up with in-situ concrete as lost formwork at the construction site.

As can be seen in more detail from FIGS. 6 to 11, the lower part 27 and the upper part 28 of the transverse stop 7 are provided with some formations, which are explained below. As can be seen from FIGS. 5 and 6, the openings 29 for receiving the molded bodies 5 are formed to a small section 30 in the lower part 27 and to a large section 31 in the upper part 28. The upper part 28 of the transverse storage device 27 is provided between the openings 29 or the large sections 31 to form these openings with vertically directed groove-shaped recesses 39, into which longitudinal storage devices can be inserted in any arrangement in a manner not shown, in order to provide the molding space 10 for the To be able to vary production according to differently dimensioned finished parts. For this reason, a plurality of transverse racks 7 are to be arranged accordingly in a variable manner.

Grooved recesses 34 are provided in the upper edge region 32 or in the upward-facing surface of the lower part 27 of the transverse rack 7, which serve to insert reinforcing bars, as will be explained in more detail in connection with FIG. 7.

The enlarged view of the transverse storage device 7 in FIG. 6 reveals the details described above. The broad surfaces 36 of the lower part 27 and 38 of the upper part 29, which appear in the direction of view according to FIGS. 4 to 6, are named for both broad sides of the elongated transverse storage device 7. While the broad sides 36 of the lower part 27 lie in vertical planes in the position of use of the lower part, the broad surfaces 38 of the upper part run inclined, as can be seen in particular in FIG. 8, in such a way that the cross-sectional area of the upper part 28 can be seen from the mold space floor 3 extended upwards. The groove-shaped recesses 39 are made in the body of the upper part 28 from the broad sides 38; in such a way that the bottom of the groove runs in the vertical direction. such that it is aligned with the broad sides 36 of the lower part 27. On the broad sides 38 downwardly projecting guide lugs are formed, which serve to ensure the correct assignment when lowering the upper part 28 onto the lower part 27. For this purpose, the guide lugs 40 protrude beyond the edge region 32 of the lower part 27 in the attached state and partially overlap their broad sides 36, as can be seen in particular in FIGS. 8 to 11.

FIG. 7 shows a top view of the surface of the lower part 27 which is directed upward in the state of use and which is defined laterally by the surface sections 32. Recesses 30 in the form of circular sections are incorporated into this surface, which contribute to the formation of the openings 29, the large sections 31 of which are formed accordingly in the upper part 28.

In the area between the sections 30, groove-shaped recesses in the form of sack grooves 34 are provided, which are opened alternately to the one broad side and to the other broad side 36 of the lower part 27 through openings 35. When the upper part is removed, reinforcement bars can be inserted into the sack grooves in a simple manner such that they only protrude from the mouth 35 only over one broad side 36, while they cannot reach the other broad side 36 of the lower part 27 due to the formation of the sack grooves at the other end. Correspondingly staggered sack grooves 34 are used for reinforcing bars, which are to protrude into the mold space via the other broad side 36 and are open towards the other broad side 36 via openings 35. In the overlap area between the sack grooves 34, which are open on different sides and offset, the space between the grooves in the overlap area is cleared out, so that a hollow 37 results in each case. This has the advantage that the not always straight or cleanly cut ends of the reinforcing bars are easier to insert. With regard to the arrangement of the pocket grooves 34 and the hollow 37, reference is expressly made to FIG. 7 in connection with FIG. 6.

8 to 11 show sections along the lines VIII-Vill, IX-IX. X-X and XI-XI, as indicated in Fig. 6. These sectional representations do not require any further explanation, they merely serve to illustrate the relationships already described.

The details dealt with so far with reference to FIGS. 2 to 11 relate to a first exemplary embodiment of the production device or of a molding produced therewith. A second exemplary embodiment is dealt with on the basis of FIGS. 12 to 18, which differs from the first exemplary embodiment only in details to which the following description of this second exemplary embodiment is limited. For the rest, reference is made to the description of the corresponding figures 1 to 8.

The partial cross section corresponding to FIG. 2 12 of the second embodiment shows one of the two side walls 19, into which slots 51, one of which is shown, are made in this embodiment from above against the mold space floor 9 of the pallet 8. A large number of such slots are arranged one behind the other in the longitudinal direction, that is to say when looking into the plane of the drawing. The slot base extends transversely to the longitudinal direction of the mold or transversely to the direction of displacement of the wall body 6 and approximately parallel to the mold space floor 9. As indicated in the drawing, reinforcing bars 54 can be inserted into the slots 51. This happens either outside the manufacturing device on the pallet or after inserting it into the device before closing the mold. If the mold is closed, ie if the molded body and the wall body 6 are moved into the mold, the side walls of the guide rails 18 close the areas of the slots 51 that remain free above the reinforcing bars 54, so that practically no escape from the molding space 10 when the concrete is poured in 'through the slots 51. This procedure has the advantage that - as from

13 can be seen - in the space 25 to be filled with in-situ concrete, which is formed between the side walls 52 facing one another or their undercuts 53 between two adjacent prefabricated parts, the freely projecting ends of the transverse movement 54 of the two finished parts protrude and thus to an intimate connection between contribute to the two finished parts.

In the context of this second embodiment, projections 44 are formed on the pallets in the area of the transition between the mold space floor 9 and the side wall extensions 19 of the pallet 8 into the mold space 10 ', with the cams in the vertical direction with a correspondingly exact arrangement of the pallet within the mold 42 correspond. The knobs 42 engage in corresponding groove sections 43 of the upper parts 28 of transverse stops 7, as has already been described in connection with the first exemplary embodiment. In a corresponding manner, the lugs 44 additionally provided in the context of the second embodiment engage in recesses 45 which are formed in the lower parts 27 of the transverse racks 7. Here too, a corresponding grid dimension is provided as for the knobs 42. In this way, each transverse rack is positioned at the selected location with regard to both its upper part and its lower part by the shape or the pallet and secured against displacements in the longitudinal direction of the shaped bodies 5 or caused by them. The arrangement of the lugs 44 and the recesses 45 can be seen from FIGS. 14 and 15. For the purpose of clarification, FIG. 13 shows the row of openings 45 which are caused by the projections in the molding.

The transverse stops of the second exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 14 to 18 are configured largely similarly to those according to the first exemplary embodiment. Deviating from this, in the second exemplary embodiment the openings through which the shaped bodies 5 are introduced are designed somewhat larger and are provided with bushings 48, into which the shaped bodies 5 are inserted appropriately. A better sliding and wear resistance can be achieved by choosing the material of the bushings. In addition, it is avoided that 5 joints appear in the area of the passage opening for the shaped bodies, as occurs in the first exemplary embodiment in that the passage openings 29 are formed from sections 30 and 31 which are formed in the lower part and the upper part of the transverse storage device . In the context of the second exemplary embodiment, the openings 29 'are made somewhat larger than in the first exemplary embodiment, i. H. the sections 30 'and 31' are chosen to be correspondingly larger in order to be able to accommodate the bushes 48.

At least on one of the transverse racks 7, which limit the shape in the longitudinal direction, bushes 48 are provided, which are provided with a nose 49 facing downwards towards the mold space floor 9. These lugs extend to the mold cavity floor 9 when the upper part 28 is placed ready for operation on the lower part 27. The lugs engage in grooves 51, which are formed at a corresponding location and in a corresponding dimension in a side surface of the lower part 27, in such a way that the moldings or finished parts have corresponding groove-shaped indentations 50 at their longitudinal ends, as shown in FIG. 13 is indicated. Through these channels, the cylindrical cavities formed by the shaped bodies 5 are opened at the end downwards, so that no water can accumulate in these cavities.

Figure 18 shows a section along the line XVIII-XVIII in Fig. 16 and reveals that in the area between two immediately adjacent groove-shaped recesses for receiving longitudinal reinforcing bars a protruding wedge-shaped projection over the upwardly facing surface of the lower part 27 of the cross adjuster 7 46 is provided, which - as can also be seen in particular from the section according to FIG. 18 - engages in a corresponding recess 45 in the underside of the upper part 28 of the transverse switch. The flanks of the projection are so beveled that the engagement is centered even with slight displacement between the upper and lower part. These designs of protrusion and groove - interlocking in the manner of tongue and groove - are each provided between two directly adjacent pocket recesses with openings 35, so that the guide lugs 40 as described in the first exemplary embodiment can be dispensed with. However, these guide flags 40 can also be provided. Instead of the hollow 37 according to the first embodiment. Fig. 7 is in accordance with the second embodiment. 17 a projection 46 is provided.

The lugs 49 of the bushes 48 protrude to form the grooves in the molding or finished part on the side surface of the lower part of the transverse switch. The engagement in grooves 51 provided in the lower part prevents concrete from penetrating between the lugs and the end face of the lower part. In addition, the partial areas of the lugs 49 engaging in the grooves 51 help to further stabilize and ensure the engagement between the upper part and the lower part.

Claims (27)

1. A manufacturing device for the fabrication of relatively large, plate-like finished concrete parts, more particularly finished slabs in tne shape of so-called hollow concrete slabs, which have a plurality of cylindrical and parallel cavities, with the following features :

a) mould elements (5), more particularly tubes, which are arranged accordingly, are provided for moulding and can be mechanically displaced substantially horizontally along guides, between an inserted position (11), located in the mould space (10) which is to be filled with concrete and designed both for the finished part or for a plurality of finished parts, and a withdrawn position (12), which is taken up after concreting and is located outside the mould space (10),

b) the mould space (10) is limited or subdivided by a pallet (8), which is arranged so that it can be pushed in or pulled out and which forms the approximately horizontal mould base (9), and by side walls (3), which are approximately parallel to the direction of displacement of the mould elements (5) and are arranged to the side of the mould elements (5) at the longitudinal edges of the pallet (8), and also by transverse walls (transverse stop means) (7) and in some cases longitudinal stop means,

c) the side walls (3) each have an upper (15), a middle (17) and a lower (19) wall portion, in which the middle wall portion (17) projects relative to the lower portion (17) and the upper portion (15) into the interior (10') of the mould space, being characterised by the following features :

d) the upper wall portion (15) is slightly inclined upwardly towards the mould space (10) and is guided for displacement approximately at right angles to the pallet (8),

e) the middle wall portion (17) is formed by a wall element (6) which can be displaced together with the mould elements (5) between the moulding position (13) or the inserted position (11) and the mould release position (14) or the withdrawn position (12),

f) the lower wall portion is formed by a side wall extension (19) of the pallet (8), on which the wall element (6) is guided.

2. A device according to claim 1, characterised in that the middle wall portions (17) are longitudinal sleeve regions of the wall elements (6) which are preferably in the shape of circular cylinders at least in this area.

3. A device according to claim 2, characterised in that the wall elements (6) are circular cylinder struts, more particularly tubes.

4. A device according to any one of claims 1 to 3 characterised in that the wall elements (6) are guided via a guide rail (18) so as to be longitudinally displaceable on the side wall extensions (19) of the pallet (8).

5. A device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that in their moulding position (13) the wall elements (6) are guided so at to be longitudinally displaceable by means of supports (20) which are distributed along their length and are mounted in sealing abutment against the adjacent edge (16) of the upper wall portions (15).

6. A device according to claim 5, characterised in that the supports (20) are mounted in a vertically displaceable mould box (3'), on which the wall portions (15) are provided.

7. A device according to any one of claims 3 to 6, characterised in that the diameter of the wall elements (6) is smaller than that of tne mould elements (5).

8. A device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the wall elements (6) are at a greater distance from the mould base (9), as seen in a perpendicular direction, than the mould elements (5).

9. A device according to one of claims 1 to 8. characterised in that the transverse stop means (7) having an approximately horizontal separating line (26) comprise in each case a lower part (27), which is to be placed on to the surface of the pallet (8) which forms the mould base (9), and an upper part (28) which is to be placed from above on to the lower part (27).

10. A device according to claim 9, characterised in that the openings (29), which are provided in the transverse stop means (7) for accommodating the mould elements (5), have a smaller portion (30) in the lower parts (27) and a larger portion (31) in the upper parts (28).

11. A device according to claim 9 or 10. characterised in that for inserting reinforcing bars groove-like recesses (34) extending horizontally and approximately parallel to the direction of displacement of the mould elements (5), are provided in the upper edge regions (32) of the transverse stop means (7).

12. A device according to claim 11, characterised in that the recesses (34) are blind end grooves offset from one another transverse to the direction of displacement of the mould elements (5), their openings (35) being arranged alternately in one or other side (36) of the lower part (27).

13. A device according to claim 12, characterised in that two blind end grooves (34) which are adjacent in the offset direction share a common cavity (37) where they overlap.

14. A device according to any one of claims 9 to 13, characterised in that the upper parts (28) of the transverse stop means (7) are inclined at both sides to broaden the cross-sectional area of the upper part upwardly.

15. A device according to any one of claims 9 to 14, characterised in that slots (39) accommodating longitudinal stop means which are to be arranged between the transverse stop means (7) are provided in the sides (38) of the upper parts (28) of the transverse stop means (7), these longitudinal stop means being arranged approximately at right angles with respect to their slot base.

16. A device according to any one of claims 9 to 15, characterised in that guide extensions (40) are provided at the sides (38) of the upper part (28) of the transverse stop means (7) and engage over the sides (36) of the lower part (27) when the upper part (28) is placed on to the associated lower part (27).

17. A device according to any one of claims 9 to 16, characterised in that the end faces (41) of the upper parts (28) are matched to the slope of the surface of the side walls (3) which limits the mould space (10) when the wall elements (6) are moved into the moulding position (13).

18. A device according to any one of claims 9 to 17 characterised in that the lower parts (27) of the transverse stop means (7) rise approximately 6 cm from the mould base (9) and form a positive closure at their ends with the side walls (3) or the side wall extensions (19) of the pallet (8).

19. A device according to any one of claims 1 to 18, characterised in that in the upper edge region of the wall portions (15) protuberances (42) which project into the mould space (10) are provided, and are distributed along the edge regions - preferably in accordance with a raster scale -, and with which slot portions (43) may be engaged, said portions being located in the upper end face region of the upper parts (28) of the stop means (7).

20. A device according to claim 19, characterised in that, in the region of the transition between the pallet (8) and its side wall extensions (19), projections (44) engage into the interior (10') of the mould space, are distributed along the edge regions in vertical relationship to the protuberances (42) : and recesses (45), which are in the lower end face region of the lower parts (27) of the transverse stop means (7), can be engaged with these projections (44).

21. A device according to any one of claims 11, 12 and 14 to 20, characterised in that projections (46) rising over the surface of the lower part (27) of the transverse stop means (7) in each case are formed in the region between two directly adjoining groove-like recesses (34) or blind end grooves with openings (35), said projections (46) engaging like springs into channels (47) cut out of corresponding areas in the lower faces of the upper parts (28) of the transverse stop means (7).

22. A device according to any one of claims 10 to 21, characterised in that sleeves (48) for accommodating the mould elements (5) are inserted into the correspondingly larger portions (31') in the upper parts (28) of the openings (29') which are provided in the transverse stop means (7), said openings (29') engaging into portions (30'), which have correspondingly larger dimensions, in the lower parts (27) of the transverse stop means (7).

23. A device according to claim 22, characterised in that sleeves (48) having lugs (49) which point towards the mould base (9) and extend up to the latter are inserted at least into one of the transverse stop means (7) which limits the mould space (10) longitudinally, the said lugs (49) engaging into corresponding ducts (50) which are formed at corresponding areas in the associated lower parts (27).

24.-A device according to any one of claims 1 to 23, characterised in that in the side wall extensions (19) of the pallet (8) there are slits (51 which are distributed along the mould space (10) but run transverse to the longitudinal direction and are approximately parallel to the mould base (9) and are open but turned away from the mould base (9) and serve to accommodate reinforcing steel rods, in which the depth as seen towards the mould base is such that the slit space of each slit (51) remaining free above a reinforcing steel rod placed into the slit base is covered by the guide rails (18) of the wall elements (6) when the mould is closed.

25. A method for fabricating relatively large, plate-shaped finished concrete parts, more particularly for finished slabs in the form of so-called hollow concrete slabs, using a manufacturing device according to any one of claims 9 to 24, in which a plurality of shaped pallets (8), which correspond to a manufacturing device and are free of mechanical relatively movable parts is successively fed to a drying station starting from the manufacturing device, the pallets being loaded with one or more newly moulded finished parts released from the withdrawn mould elements (5) and wall elements (6) and removed mould box (3'), in which drying station the pallets (8) - preferably in different planes - are deposited. and after the required setting of the concrete are removed therefrom, then they are fed to an unloading station, in which the finished parts are separated from the pallets (8), the pallets then being cleaned and fed to a reinforcing rod station. in which the required reinforcing rods are placed into the lower parts (27) of the transverse stop means (7) which are available - or in some cases with a different arrangement - previously put on to the pallet (8), whereupon each pallet (8) pre-equipped in this way is provided with the upper parts (28) of the transverse stop means (7) and in some cases longitudinal stop means and is accepted inside the mould box (3') by lowering, then the mould elements (5) and the wall elements (6) are inserted, and this is followed by filling the mould space (10') with concrete, after initial solidification of which the finished part or parts moulded in this way on the pallet (8) is released by removing the mould elements (5) and the wall elements (6) and subsequently raising the mould box (3'), then the pallet is removed from the manufacturing device and is fed to the drying station and so on.

26. A method according to claim 25, characterised in that the pallet equipped with the reinforcement is fed to the manufacturing device, before the upper parts of the transverse stop means are placed on, and this can take place together with lowering the mould box in some cases.

27. A plate-shaped finished concrete part, more particularly for finished slabs in the form of so-called hollow concrete slabs, with a plurality of cylindrical, parallel cavities and with side walls (52) on the long sides, which each have undercuts (53) extending longitudinally and running between an upper and a lower side wall portion, manufactured according to any one of claims 4 to 26, characterised in that reinforced steel rods (54) protruding under the undercuts (53) are provided on the side walls (52).

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