EP0593001A1 - Méthode et dispositif pour manufacture de tôles ou poutres laminées à chaud en matière coulée - Google Patents
Méthode et dispositif pour manufacture de tôles ou poutres laminées à chaud en matière coulée Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0593001A1 EP0593001A1 EP93116476A EP93116476A EP0593001A1 EP 0593001 A1 EP0593001 A1 EP 0593001A1 EP 93116476 A EP93116476 A EP 93116476A EP 93116476 A EP93116476 A EP 93116476A EP 0593001 A1 EP0593001 A1 EP 0593001A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- furnace
- casting
- rolling
- line
- ferry
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 9
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 241001484259 Lacuna Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
- B21B1/46—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling metal immediately subsequent to continuous casting
- B21B1/466—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling metal immediately subsequent to continuous casting in a non-continuous process, i.e. the cast being cut before rolling
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0081—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for slabs; for billets
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/4998—Combined manufacture including applying or shaping of fluent material
- Y10T29/49988—Metal casting
- Y10T29/49991—Combined with rolling
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/51—Plural diverse manufacturing apparatus including means for metal shaping or assembling
- Y10T29/5184—Casting and working
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and a plant for the production of hot-rolled strips or profiles from continuous, continuously cast primary material in successive steps of a finishing train, wherein the continuously cast primary material in one or more casting machines, after solidification, is divided into extrudates and the extrudates are passed through a compensating furnace in one The heating zone is heated to the rolling temperature, then into a buffer zone and then into a storage zone and from there into the finishing train, where it is finish-rolled.
- continuously cast thin slabs are used as raw material for the finishing train, which for example have a thickness of less than 70 mm, preferably 50 mm.
- the thin slabs are separated from an endless cast strand produced in a continuous casting machine, each with a length that corresponds to the required coil weight for the finished hot wide strip.
- the casting speed of continuous casting machines for thin slab continuous casting is relatively slow, while the feeding speed an assigned continuous hot strip mill is approximately 2 to 4 times higher. It is therefore advantageous to assign at least two casting machines to a continuous finishing train in such a way that thin slabs are alternately separated from each of the two endless casting strands and then each fed to the finishing train for rolling.
- the thin slabs are brought out of the respective casting line into alignment with the hot strip mill so that they can then be drawn into this.
- it has two single-strand CSP casting machines, each with a compensating furnace and a ferry, and a common holding furnace in front of the CSP roller train for both strands.
- a heating zone, a system buffer and a storage furnace part are arranged in succession in each compensation furnace.
- the subsequent system buffer is required in order to bridge the transport time required for alternating transverse transport of the thin slabs from both casting machines into the roller mill.
- the storage furnace creates the possibility of bridging limited downtimes of the roll train, for example caused by roll changes or malfunctions, with continuous cast strand production.
- the thickness of the thin slab is 50 mm
- the width is 1550 mm, for example Length of the thin slab 44 m
- the casting speed 5.5 m / min.
- the feed speed of the continuous hot-rolled strip finishing train 0.29 m / s corresponding to 17.4 m / min.
- the feed speed is 3.2 times higher than the casting speed.
- the length of the heating zone is approx. 40 m
- the length of the system buffer and the storage furnace part are approx. 105 m
- the known finishing mill is arranged opposite to the direction of discharge of the steel strip caster with a lateral offset, whereby in addition to the compensation furnaces in the direction of discharge of the steel strip caster, a centrally arranged temperature compensation furnace is provided, which conveys towards the finish rolling mill, and the three Compensating furnaces lying next to each other in parallel are connected by an end-side transverse transport device.
- the invention has for its object to improve a method and a plant for the production of hot-rolled strips or profiles from continuously cast material of the type mentioned in that they avoid a comparatively short furnace system and thus a lower need for area and thus avoiding the aforementioned disadvantages and difficulties Investment costs.
- strand pieces are moved from the buffer zone into a ferry and are transversely transported therefrom from the casting line into the rolling line, therein in longitudinal transport opposite to the conveying direction of the continuously cast primary material is stored using a storage furnace arranged next to the compensating furnace in the rolling line and, after being called up from the storage furnace, is introduced into the rolling line via a ferry and occasionally via a holding furnace upstream of this and upstream of the rolling train, and is then rolled into the end product.
- Embodiments of the invention are in accordance with the Subclaims provided.
- a compensating furnace used for this method can at least be moved around the length of the storage furnace part can be reduced from approx. 55 m, for example from a total length of 147 m to a total length of 92 m. This results in lower investment costs due to the smaller space requirement for the system, while avoiding the aforementioned disadvantages and difficulties.
- a plant for the production of hot-rolled strips or profiles from endless continuously cast starting material in successive steps of a finishing train for carrying out the method according to the invention comprising two CSP casting machines or casting lines according to the preamble of claim 4, is designed so that the formed as a memory Furnace part is arranged within the rolling line at a lateral distance next to the leveling furnaces of the casting lines.
- the CSP system according to FIG. 1 has two identical casting lines (xx) and one rolling line (yy).
- each casting line (xx) there is a casting machine (1a, 1b) and a pair of scissors (2a, 2b) arranged after it for dividing the casting strands into individual thin slabs.
- This is followed by a long furnace system, each with a heating zone (3a, 3b), a system buffer (4a, 4b) and a storage furnace (5a, 5b).
- the length of a heating zone (3) is approximately 40 m
- the length of a system buffer (4) is also approximately 40 m
- the length of a storage furnace part (5a, 5b) is approximately 67 m.
- the length of the two parallel equalizing furnaces is approximately 147 m.
- a transverse transport device each with a ferry (6a, 6b) with a length of approx. 49 m, is arranged downstream of these furnaces.
- the rolling line (yy) with the holding furnace (7) of about 49 m in length, and the finishing train (8).
- the latter comprises three roughing stands and three finishing stands as well as a descaling device (9) on the feed side.
- the CSP system designed according to the invention according to FIG. 2 has two shortened equalizing furnaces in the two casting lines (x-x), comprising only the heating zones (3a, 3b) and the system buffers (4a, 4b).
- the length of a heating zone (3a, 3b) is approx. 40 m and a system buffer (4a, 4b) is approx. 50 m.
- the length of the furnace system is thus reduced from 147 m according to FIG. 1 to 92 m according to FIG.
- the furnace part (5) designed as a store is arranged within the rolling line (y-y) at a lateral distance next to the compensating furnaces (3a, 4a; 3b, 4b).
- the length of the system measured from the shears (2a, 2b) to the end of the holding furnace (7), is reduced from 245 m to 190 m.
- the arrangement is such that the storage furnace part (5) extends approximately parallel to the heating and buffer zones (3, 4) of the compensation furnaces.
- a system buffer (4a, 4b) extended from 40 m to approx. 50 m and a storage furnace (5) extended from 67 m to 80 m.
- An embodiment provides that in at least one of the casting lines (xx), advantageously in both additional storage furnace part (20a, 20b) can be arranged.
- additional furnace parts With these additional furnace parts, the possible bridging time when the roller mill is at a standstill, for example as a result of roller change or malfunction, is extended by a casting length of approx. 50 m, ie by approx.
- a path / time network location is shown in FIG.
- the example shows two thin slabs (2a, 2b) at time zero at the end of the heating zones (3a and 3b) and two thin slabs (1a, 1b) within the system buffers (4a, 4b).
- the thin slabs (1a, 1b) advanced by 52.5 m into the ferries (6a, 6b) at a transport speed of 0.75 m / s.
- the thin slab (1a) in the ferry (6a) entered the rolling line (yy) at a ferry speed of 0.25 m / s in 40 seconds from the casting line by 10 m, while the ferry ( 6b) remains unchanged in the second casting line (xx).
- the thin slab (1a) was then transported from the ferry (6a) into the holding furnace (7) by a further 52.5 m.
- the working method of the plant according to the invention has a rapid sequence, with an intermediate time of 136 s or 2 x 86 s remaining between every two rolling cycles of purely mathematically 304 s.
- the resulting idle times allow the drive units of the finishing mill stands to be operated in a high-performance stage during each 152 s rolling process without the electric motors being thermally overloaded.
- the diagram shows that the connection of a third casting line would no longer fit into the functional sequence.
- the furnace system designed according to the invention can provide sufficient bridging time with a shortened layout in order to ensure continuous production of the casting machines at least until the end of one or two casting batches in the event of downtimes of the roller train resulting from roller changes or other reasons guarantee.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4234454A DE4234454A1 (de) | 1992-10-13 | 1992-10-13 | Verfahren und Anlage zur Herstellung von warmgewalzten Bändern oder Profilen aus stranggegossenem Vormaterial |
DE4234454 | 1992-10-13 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0593001A1 true EP0593001A1 (fr) | 1994-04-20 |
EP0593001B1 EP0593001B1 (fr) | 1997-02-05 |
Family
ID=6470330
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP93116476A Expired - Lifetime EP0593001B1 (fr) | 1992-10-13 | 1993-10-12 | Méthode et dispositif pour manufacture de tÔles ou poutres laminées à chaud en matière coulée |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5560095A (fr) |
EP (1) | EP0593001B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JPH06190401A (fr) |
KR (1) | KR960016454B1 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN1047334C (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE148645T1 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2108239A1 (fr) |
DE (2) | DE4234454A1 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2098622T3 (fr) |
RU (1) | RU2108877C1 (fr) |
TW (1) | TW263451B (fr) |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0893167A2 (fr) * | 1997-07-17 | 1999-01-27 | Sms Schloemann-Siemag Aktiengesellschaft | Train de laminage |
NL1007730C2 (nl) * | 1997-12-08 | 1999-06-09 | Hoogovens Staal Bv | Inrichting en werkwijze voor het vervaardigen van een stalen band. |
EP0947590A1 (fr) * | 1998-03-31 | 1999-10-06 | Sms Schloemann-Siemag Aktiengesellschaft | Procédé pour la fabrication des aciers de construction micro-alliés |
CN1047112C (zh) * | 1994-06-18 | 1999-12-08 | 冶金工业部北京钢铁设计研究总院 | 短流程钢坯热装输送方法及设备 |
AT407348B (de) * | 1997-10-10 | 2001-02-26 | Voest Alpine Ind Anlagen | Verfahren zum herstellen eines warmgewalzten produktes und anlage zur durchführung des verfahrens |
WO2009030190A1 (fr) * | 2007-09-06 | 2009-03-12 | Sms Siemag Ag | Dispositif pour transférer des brames coulées en continu |
DE102011003146A1 (de) | 2011-01-26 | 2012-07-26 | Sms Siemag Ag | Transportsystem sowie Verfahren zum Transportieren von Walzgut zwischen mindestens zwie Verarbeitungslinien |
ITUD20130127A1 (it) * | 2013-10-04 | 2015-04-05 | Danieli Off Mecc | Impianto siderurgico per la produzione di prodotti metallici lunghi e relativo metodo di produzione |
Families Citing this family (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19512953A1 (de) * | 1995-03-28 | 1996-10-02 | Mannesmann Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von warmgewalztem Stahlband |
IT1281442B1 (it) * | 1995-10-27 | 1998-02-18 | Danieli Off Mecc | Procedimento di laminazione per nastri e lamiere e linea di laminazione che concretizza tale procedimento |
DE19639298C2 (de) * | 1996-09-25 | 2000-02-24 | Schloemann Siemag Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung von dünnen Brammen mit direkt anschließendem Walzprozeß/Walzwerk |
GB2326119B (en) * | 1997-06-10 | 1999-12-08 | Kvaerner Tech & Res Ltd | Casting and rolling of metals |
US6897474B2 (en) * | 2002-04-12 | 2005-05-24 | Universal Display Corporation | Protected organic electronic devices and methods for making the same |
CN100443200C (zh) * | 2004-01-12 | 2008-12-17 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | 双连铸机四流单辊道三加热炉中薄板坯直装物流控制方法 |
CN101310029B (zh) * | 2005-10-31 | 2010-12-29 | Sms西马格股份公司 | 用于热轧输入材料的方法和精轧机 |
DE102006005635A1 (de) | 2006-02-08 | 2007-08-09 | Sms Demag Ag | Rollenherdofen zum Aufheizen und/oder Temperaturausgleichen von Stranggiessprodukten aus Stahl oder Stahllegierung und dessen Anordnung vor einer Warmband-Fertigwalzstrasse |
CN101693254B (zh) * | 2009-10-14 | 2011-07-20 | 中冶赛迪工程技术股份有限公司 | 一种长型材连铸连轧的生产设备 |
DE102010050647A1 (de) * | 2009-11-21 | 2011-05-26 | Sms Siemag Aktiengesellschaft | Anlage und Verfahren zum Gießen und Walzen von Metall |
AT511674B1 (de) * | 2011-06-24 | 2013-04-15 | Siemens Vai Metals Tech Gmbh | Inbetriebnahme einer fertigwalzstrasse in einer giess-walz-verbundanlage |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CH609592A5 (fr) * | 1975-06-06 | 1979-03-15 | Prolizenz Ag | |
EP0413169A1 (fr) * | 1989-08-17 | 1991-02-20 | Sms Schloemann-Siemag Aktiengesellschaft | Installation pour la fabrication de tôle d'acier |
DE4017928A1 (de) * | 1990-06-05 | 1991-12-12 | Schloemann Siemag Ag | Verfahren und anlage zur herstellung von warmgewalzten baendern oder profilen aus stranggegossenem vormaterial |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3741220A1 (de) * | 1987-12-05 | 1989-06-15 | Schloemann Siemag Ag | Stranggussanlage fuer vorband |
FR2655894B1 (fr) * | 1989-12-19 | 1994-05-27 | Stein Heurtey | Dispositif de stockage de produits metallurgiques, tels que brames minces. |
DE4001288A1 (de) * | 1990-01-18 | 1991-07-25 | Schloemann Siemag Ag | Anlage zum auswalzen von warmbreitband |
DE4041205A1 (de) * | 1990-12-21 | 1992-06-25 | Schloemann Siemag Ag | Verfahren und anlage zum auswalzen von warmbreitband aus stranggegossenen duennbrammen |
DE4234455A1 (de) * | 1992-10-13 | 1994-04-14 | Schloemann Siemag Ag | Verfahren und Anlage zum Auswalzen von Warmbreitband aus stranggegossenen Dünnbrammen |
-
1992
- 1992-10-13 DE DE4234454A patent/DE4234454A1/de not_active Ceased
-
1993
- 1993-10-07 JP JP5251835A patent/JPH06190401A/ja active Pending
- 1993-10-08 TW TW082108349A patent/TW263451B/zh active
- 1993-10-12 RU RU93048159A patent/RU2108877C1/ru active
- 1993-10-12 ES ES93116476T patent/ES2098622T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-10-12 DE DE59305386T patent/DE59305386D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-10-12 KR KR1019930021103A patent/KR960016454B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-10-12 AT AT93116476T patent/ATE148645T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-10-12 EP EP93116476A patent/EP0593001B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-10-12 CA CA002108239A patent/CA2108239A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 1993-10-13 CN CN93119200A patent/CN1047334C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1995
- 1995-10-19 US US08/545,544 patent/US5560095A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CH609592A5 (fr) * | 1975-06-06 | 1979-03-15 | Prolizenz Ag | |
EP0413169A1 (fr) * | 1989-08-17 | 1991-02-20 | Sms Schloemann-Siemag Aktiengesellschaft | Installation pour la fabrication de tôle d'acier |
DE4017928A1 (de) * | 1990-06-05 | 1991-12-12 | Schloemann Siemag Ag | Verfahren und anlage zur herstellung von warmgewalzten baendern oder profilen aus stranggegossenem vormaterial |
Cited By (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN1047112C (zh) * | 1994-06-18 | 1999-12-08 | 冶金工业部北京钢铁设计研究总院 | 短流程钢坯热装输送方法及设备 |
EP0893167A2 (fr) * | 1997-07-17 | 1999-01-27 | Sms Schloemann-Siemag Aktiengesellschaft | Train de laminage |
EP0893167A3 (fr) * | 1997-07-17 | 2000-04-19 | Sms Schloemann-Siemag Aktiengesellschaft | Train de laminage |
AT407348B (de) * | 1997-10-10 | 2001-02-26 | Voest Alpine Ind Anlagen | Verfahren zum herstellen eines warmgewalzten produktes und anlage zur durchführung des verfahrens |
NL1007730C2 (nl) * | 1997-12-08 | 1999-06-09 | Hoogovens Staal Bv | Inrichting en werkwijze voor het vervaardigen van een stalen band. |
WO1999029445A1 (fr) * | 1997-12-08 | 1999-06-17 | Corus Staal B.V. | Dispositif et procede servant a fabriquer une bande d'acier |
US6457227B1 (en) | 1997-12-08 | 2002-10-01 | Corus Staal Bv | Device and process for producing a steel strip |
EP0947590A1 (fr) * | 1998-03-31 | 1999-10-06 | Sms Schloemann-Siemag Aktiengesellschaft | Procédé pour la fabrication des aciers de construction micro-alliés |
WO2009030190A1 (fr) * | 2007-09-06 | 2009-03-12 | Sms Siemag Ag | Dispositif pour transférer des brames coulées en continu |
US8205660B2 (en) | 2007-09-06 | 2012-06-26 | Sms Siemag Ag | Device for transferring continuous casting slabs |
DE102011003146A1 (de) | 2011-01-26 | 2012-07-26 | Sms Siemag Ag | Transportsystem sowie Verfahren zum Transportieren von Walzgut zwischen mindestens zwie Verarbeitungslinien |
WO2012101210A1 (fr) | 2011-01-26 | 2012-08-02 | Sms Siemag Ag | Système de transport et procédé pour transporter des pièces en cours de laminage entre au moins deux lignes de transformation |
ITUD20130127A1 (it) * | 2013-10-04 | 2015-04-05 | Danieli Off Mecc | Impianto siderurgico per la produzione di prodotti metallici lunghi e relativo metodo di produzione |
WO2015049669A1 (fr) * | 2013-10-04 | 2015-04-09 | Danieli & C. Officine Meccaniche Spa | Aciérie pour production de pièces métalliques allongées et procédé de production correspondant |
EP3055082B1 (fr) | 2013-10-04 | 2018-06-13 | Danieli & C. Officine Meccaniche, S.p.A. | Aciérie pour production de pièces métalliques allongées et procédé de production correspondant |
US10343200B2 (en) | 2013-10-04 | 2019-07-09 | Danieli & C. Officine Meccaniche S.P.A. | Steel plant for the production of long metal products and corresponding production method |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATE148645T1 (de) | 1997-02-15 |
RU2108877C1 (ru) | 1998-04-20 |
JPH06190401A (ja) | 1994-07-12 |
DE59305386D1 (de) | 1997-03-20 |
CN1047334C (zh) | 1999-12-15 |
DE4234454A1 (de) | 1994-04-14 |
ES2098622T3 (es) | 1997-05-01 |
CA2108239A1 (fr) | 1994-04-14 |
TW263451B (fr) | 1995-11-21 |
KR960016454B1 (ko) | 1996-12-12 |
EP0593001B1 (fr) | 1997-02-05 |
US5560095A (en) | 1996-10-01 |
KR940008760A (ko) | 1994-05-16 |
CN1086466A (zh) | 1994-05-11 |
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