EP0588075B1 - Procédé et four de combustion pour brûler des déchets - Google Patents

Procédé et four de combustion pour brûler des déchets Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0588075B1
EP0588075B1 EP93113097A EP93113097A EP0588075B1 EP 0588075 B1 EP0588075 B1 EP 0588075B1 EP 93113097 A EP93113097 A EP 93113097A EP 93113097 A EP93113097 A EP 93113097A EP 0588075 B1 EP0588075 B1 EP 0588075B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
shaft
narrows
grate
reaction gas
grates
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP93113097A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0588075A1 (fr
Inventor
Heinz Mallek
Winfried Dipl.-Ing. Brunner
Wolfgang Dipl.-Ing. Schmidt (Fh)
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hugo Petersen GmbH
Original Assignee
Hugo Petersen Ges fur Verfahrenstechn Anlagenbau Mbh & Co KG
PETERSEN HUGO VERFAHRENSTECH
Hugo Petersen GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hugo Petersen Ges fur Verfahrenstechn Anlagenbau Mbh & Co KG, PETERSEN HUGO VERFAHRENSTECH, Hugo Petersen GmbH filed Critical Hugo Petersen Ges fur Verfahrenstechn Anlagenbau Mbh & Co KG
Publication of EP0588075A1 publication Critical patent/EP0588075A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0588075B1 publication Critical patent/EP0588075B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/24—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having a vertical, substantially cylindrical, combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
    • F23G2201/40—Gasification

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a combustion furnace for burning lumpy organic solids, preferably waste, and for generating fuel gases according to the preamble of claim 1 and claim 4.
  • a method and such a combustion furnace are from DE-PS 26 04 409 and DE-OS 27 35 139 known.
  • the known methods and the known incinerators are used to incinerate solid wastes of different consistency as environmentally friendly as possible, which is actually possible because essentially only ash and harmless exhaust gases are produced as combustion products.
  • the object of the present invention is now to further improve this known method and this known incinerator so that proper combustion is ensured even with a larger waste throughput and thus an enlarged shaft cross-section, with a compact and comparatively constructive design simple design of the incinerator, and that the resulting fuel gases are suitable for energy generation due to their properties and the constancy of their composition.
  • this object is achieved by the features of patent claim 1 and in terms of the device by the features of patent claim 4.
  • two successive bottlenecks are therefore provided in the shaft, these bottlenecks in practice being expediently formed by tilting gratings.
  • the upper grate serves to stow the waste introduced into the shaft from above and to feed the shaft space between the two grates in a metered manner.
  • the waste is dried and degassed above the upper grate, in some cases already gasified due to the reaction gases supplied in the area of the upper grate.
  • the waste, which is dried, degassed and already partially gasified enters the space between the two grates and is then stowed through the lower grate, and with the addition of reaction gas, the waste is completely gasified to ashes and fuel gas, the ashes passing through the grate falls down and the fuel gases are also drawn off downwards.
  • the two grates are expediently excited to vibrations in the form of continuous or intermittent periodic rotary movements of limited amplitude, which ensures that the jammed pieces of slippage slide smoothly and prevents burns through and / or burns up in the waste stack.
  • the incinerator is generally designated 10.
  • An upright shaft 11 is arranged in the furnace, into which a tube 12 opens from above for filling the waste to be incinerated.
  • Two narrow points are provided in the shaft 11, which are formed by grids 13 and 14.
  • the grate 13 is a tilting grate which can be pivoted about a central axis 13a, the grate passage having the form of a gap 15a which is delimited on the one hand by the inner wall of the shaft 11 and on the other hand by the outer edge of the grate 13.
  • the axis 13a is designed as a hollow shaft, the interior of which serves as a feed line for reaction gas, which then passes through outlet openings 13b of the grate 13 into the interior of the shaft 11.
  • reaction gas can be supplied through the lines 13c and 14c running in the shaft wall and opening into the shaft interior.
  • reaction gas feeds 13b, 14b or 13c, 14c can be used, in the latter case the grate shafts 13a, 14a can be dispensed with as hollow shafts.
  • the grate 14 forming the lower end of the shaft 11 has a similar structure, which can be pivoted about its axis 14a, which is also designed as a hollow shaft and feeds reaction gas to the outlet openings 14b.
  • Below the grate 14 there is an ash chamber 16 with an ash box or container 17 only indicated in the drawing.
  • the shaft 11 has an inlet opening 22 close to its ceiling, through which drying and / or reaction gas can be introduced if necessary.
  • the incinerator 10 shown operates as follows. To start the combustion process, the substances to be burned are first fed to the shaft 11 via the pipe 12, the substances accumulating over the grate 13. It thus forms on the grate 13 the fabric stack indicated in the drawing with the upper cone of bulk. Now the reaction gas supply to the two grates 13 and 14 and / or the openings 13c, 14c is opened and the waste stack above the grate 13 is ignited by a known igniter, not shown, directly above the grate surface or the passage gap 15. After a certain amount Starting phase forms a bed of embers on the grate 13.
  • the waste in the uppermost region of the material stack undergoes drying, specifically through the temperature that is formed, optionally supported by the drying and / or reaction gas flowing in from the opening 22.
  • the pieces of material located in the middle region between the drying zone and the ember bed of the stack of materials are degassed due to the temperature transferred from the ember bed mentioned, and the pieces of waste located in the lower region of the waste stack, which are located in the ember bed or directly above it and in the flow of that emerging from the outlet openings 13b Reaction gas are at least partially subjected to a gasification process.
  • the ash passes through the narrow passage gap 15b and falls into the ash chamber 16, the fuel gases, namely all the fuel gases generated in the shaft 11 are drawn off downwards and discharged from the shaft via the line 18.
  • the fuel gases then pass through the nozzle 18a into the mixing chamber 19, where they are mixed intensively with reaction gas supplied through the nozzles 20; the fuel gas / reaction gas mixture entering the combustion chamber 21 from the mixing chamber 19 is then burned in the combustion chamber 21.
  • Air can also be used as the reaction gas supplied through the openings 13b, 14b, 13c, 14c, 22 and the nozzles 20, but also flue gas mixed with air or with oxygen and removed from the system, or even flue gas alone at a very high ember bed temperature.
  • a reaction gas consisting of flue gas or carbon dioxide and - instead of air - pure oxygen is particularly effective because it does not contain nitrogen.
  • the nitrogen in the air does not promote combustion, but often leads to the formation of undesirable nitrogen oxides.
  • the temperatures in the area immediately above the upper grate 13 can be, for example, approximately 600 ° C. to 800 ° C., those in the area directly above the lower grate 14, for example, up to 900 ° C., the temperature of both stages being controllable via the reaction gas supply .
  • the two gratings 13 and 14 are preferably excited to tilt movements via their axes 13a, 14a.
  • the upper grate 13 introduces a mechanical pushing movement into the material, with the result that even with larger shaft cross-sections there are no central dead spaces in the waste stack and no burn-through phenomena in the outer region of the stack.
  • the rotational movements of the lower grate 14 ensure that the formation of fine-grained ashes and the transport of the ashes through the grate gap is promoted.
  • the upper grate 13 is expediently excited to rotate at a higher frequency and / or amplitude than the lower grate 14.
  • a major advantage of the invention is that the drying, degassing and gasification process is very even and runs without significant peaks and can be accelerated if necessary, which considerably improves both the performance and the constancy of the gas composition.
  • the latter is of particular importance when the fuel gases are to be used to operate a gas engine, that is, the combustion chamber 21 is the combustion chamber of a gas engine.
  • the gases extracted from the shaft are only burned for the purpose of implementation, are only partially used in the system to maintain the shaft temperature and / or as a reaction gas, or are used to operate heat exchangers, a uniform combustion process has proven to be beneficial.
  • the intensive material movement, caused by the moving grates, and the large-area reaction gas supply means that the material can be brought into a very strong reaction, with the result of an increase in performance compared to previous incinerators. It is also possible to equip the incinerator only with the reaction gas feeds 13b, 14b or only with the reaction gas openings 13c, 14c; the decision depends in particular on the size of the incinerator and the throughput and nature of the waste materials. Gas will then be supplied through the upper inlet opening 22 if the waste is very moist (drying gas supply) or if an ember bed reaching into the upper shaft area is desired (reaction gas supply).

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Crucibles And Fluidized-Bed Furnaces (AREA)

Claims (6)

  1. Procédé pour brûler des matières solides organiques en morceaux, de préférence des déchets, et pour produire des gaz de combustion, selon lequel les déchets sont accumulés au-dessus d'un passage resserré (15b) prévu entre un puits (11) recevant les déchets et une chambre de combustion (21) montée en aval du puits, et y sont séchés par échauffement, dégazés et gazéifiés avec apport de gaz de réaction, et les gaz de combustion alors produits sont évacués vers le bas par le passage resserré (15b) puis brûlés avec apport d'air, caractérisé en ce que les matières solides sont préalablement accumulées au-dessus d'un passage resserré supplémentaire (15a) prévu dans le puits à distance au-dessus du passage resserré (15b), y sont séchés, dégazés et partiellement gazéifiés, puis sont amenés par le passage resserré supplémentaire (15a), en vue de leur gazéification complète, dans l'espace du puits compris entre les deux passages resserrés, du gaz de réaction étant introduit dans les régions du puits situées au niveau ou près des deux passages resserrés.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les matières solides sont soumises à des vibrations torsionnelles mécaniques dans la région des deux passages resserrés, et ce à des vibrations torsionnelles de plus haute fréquence et de plus grande amplitude dans la région du passage resserré supplémentaire que dans la région du passage resserré qui se trouve en dessous.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce qu'on utilise comme gaz de réaction de l'air, du gaz de fumée tiré du système, ou du gaz de fumée ou du gaz carbonique mélangé à de l'air ou à de l'oxygène pur.
  4. Four de combustion pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, comprenant un puits vertical (11) pour recevoir les matières solides, une grille (14) se trouvant à l'extrémité inférieure du puits et formant un passage resserré, des conduites d'apport du gaz de réaction débouchant dans les puits (11) et une chambre de combustion (21) se trouvant juste en dessous ou latéralement en dessous de la grille (14), caractérisé en ce qu'une grille supplémentaire 14c, 22) débouchent dans ou sont dirigées sur les régions du puits situées au niveau des deux grilles (13, 14).
  5. Four de combustion selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que les deux grilles (13, 14) sont réalisées sous la forme de grilles fermées en toit, qui peuvent être entraînées par moteur à des fréquences et amplitudes différentes.
  6. Four de combustion selon la revendication 4 ou 5, caractérisé en ce que la chambre de combustion (21) est précédée d'une chambre de mélange (19), dans laquelle les gaz de combustion sont introduits au moyen d'une buse (18a) et qui est pourvue de buses (20) d'entrée de gaz de réaction.
EP93113097A 1992-09-10 1993-08-16 Procédé et four de combustion pour brûler des déchets Expired - Lifetime EP0588075B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4230311 1992-09-10
DE4230311A DE4230311C1 (de) 1992-09-10 1992-09-10 Verfahren und Verbrennungsofen zum Verbrennen von Abfällen

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0588075A1 EP0588075A1 (fr) 1994-03-23
EP0588075B1 true EP0588075B1 (fr) 1996-10-23

Family

ID=6467690

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP93113097A Expired - Lifetime EP0588075B1 (fr) 1992-09-10 1993-08-16 Procédé et four de combustion pour brûler des déchets

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US5401166A (fr)
EP (1) EP0588075B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE144608T1 (fr)
BR (1) BR9303745A (fr)
DE (2) DE4230311C1 (fr)
DK (1) DK0588075T3 (fr)
HU (1) HU212204B (fr)

Families Citing this family (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4435906C5 (de) * 1994-09-26 2005-09-08 Köpke, Manfred Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Vergasen von Feststoffen
DE19528422C1 (de) * 1995-08-02 1997-04-03 Hung Lin Wen Chiang Abfallverbrennungsofen
US6112677A (en) * 1996-03-07 2000-09-05 Sevar Entsorgungsanlagen Gmbh Down-draft fixed bed gasifier system and use thereof
DE19755700C2 (de) * 1997-12-16 2000-04-20 Winfried Brunner Verfahren zur Erzeugung von Brenngasen aus organischen Feststoffen und Reaktor zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
DE19937524A1 (de) 1999-08-03 2001-02-15 Harald Martin Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Beseitigen von Abprodukten und Abfallstoffen
DE10007115C2 (de) * 2000-02-17 2002-06-27 Masch Und Stahlbau Gmbh Rolan Verfahren und Reaktor zum Vergasen und Schmelzen von Einsatzstoffen mit absteigender Gasführung
EA005476B1 (ru) * 2000-12-08 2005-02-24 Лутерек, Януш Францишек Газогенератор для генерирования горючего газа и способ его работы
DE10352764A1 (de) * 2003-11-12 2005-06-16 Polysius Ag Schachtvorwärmer
AT503813B1 (de) * 2006-07-14 2008-01-15 Bicker Leopold Ofen mit rostreinigungsmechanismus
EP2876398A1 (fr) * 2013-11-25 2015-05-27 Binder + Co Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif et procédé de fabrication de granulés gonflés
RU2641863C1 (ru) * 2016-09-23 2018-01-22 Акционерное общество "ЕВРАЗ Нижнетагильский металлургический комбинат" (АО "ЕВРАЗ НТМК") Бункер для сыпучих материалов

Family Cites Families (14)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2709153A (en) * 1949-12-27 1955-05-24 Rummel Roman Carbonization and gasification of bituminous material
US2654590A (en) * 1951-03-26 1953-10-06 Lester V Molenaar Grain drier
DE1751164A1 (de) * 1968-04-13 1970-10-01 Glanzstoff Ag Vorrichtung zur kontinuierlichen thermischen Behandlung von schuettfaehigem koernigem Gut
AT341989B (de) * 1975-02-07 1978-03-10 Wuester Mewaplast Ing H Klemmvorrichtung zum fixieren der beweglichen schieber eines schirmartigen waschetrockners
DE2604409C3 (de) * 1976-02-05 1979-12-06 Kernforschungsanlage Juelich Gmbh, 5170 Juelich Verfahren und Verbrennungsofen zur Verbrennung von Abfällen
DE2735139C2 (de) * 1977-08-04 1982-05-06 Kernforschungsanlage Jülich GmbH, 5170 Jülich Verbrennungsofen für Abfälle
US4441436A (en) * 1982-10-27 1984-04-10 Takumi Noma Solid fuel burning methods and apparatus
NL8301598A (nl) * 1983-05-06 1984-12-03 Eduard Thomas Jacobus Van Der Warmtegenerator.
DE3409292C2 (de) * 1984-03-14 1986-07-31 Manfred 4440 Rheine Köpke Feststoffvergasungsheizkessel
DE3626076A1 (de) * 1986-08-06 1988-02-11 Sorg Gmbh & Co Kg Vorwaermer fuer glasscherben
CA1288001C (fr) * 1986-08-08 1991-08-27 Clinton Badger Pike Chaudiere
DE3718022C1 (en) * 1987-05-27 1988-11-10 Kernforschungsanlage Juelich Boiler burning solid matter
SE8804032D0 (sv) * 1988-11-08 1988-11-08 Anordning vid foerbraenning av fasta braenslen benaemnd biobraenslepanna
DE3924626A1 (de) * 1989-07-26 1991-01-31 Forschungszentrum Juelich Gmbh Vergasungsreaktor fuer brennbare feststoffe

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE144608T1 (de) 1996-11-15
BR9303745A (pt) 1994-03-29
DE59304278D1 (de) 1996-11-28
HU212204B (en) 1996-04-29
HU9302545D0 (en) 1993-11-29
HUT68564A (en) 1995-06-28
DE4230311C1 (de) 1993-12-09
US5401166A (en) 1995-03-28
DK0588075T3 (da) 1997-04-21
EP0588075A1 (fr) 1994-03-23

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