EP0525711A2 - Dispositif de combustion de biomasses et de matières solides - Google Patents

Dispositif de combustion de biomasses et de matières solides Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0525711A2
EP0525711A2 EP92112832A EP92112832A EP0525711A2 EP 0525711 A2 EP0525711 A2 EP 0525711A2 EP 92112832 A EP92112832 A EP 92112832A EP 92112832 A EP92112832 A EP 92112832A EP 0525711 A2 EP0525711 A2 EP 0525711A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
combustion chamber
channel
combustion
gas
roller
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP92112832A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0525711A3 (en
Inventor
Paul Christian
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0525711A2 publication Critical patent/EP0525711A2/fr
Publication of EP0525711A3 publication Critical patent/EP0525711A3/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/32—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor the waste being subjected to a whirling movement, e.g. cyclonic incinerators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
    • F23G5/46—Recuperation of heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/10—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of field or garden waste or biomasses
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
    • F23G2201/40—Gasification

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for burning bio and solid masses.
  • Biomasses to be used for heating purposes are, for example, wood waste such as shavings, sawdust, wood press pellets and the like, which accumulate on a large scale especially in the woodworking industry.
  • Combustible solid masses include wood waste pellets, sludge residues and other contaminated solids. The generation of heat from such fuels is quite problematic because of the associated environmental pollution.
  • combustion devices have in common that the combustion chambers communicate with downstream heat exchanger surfaces.
  • the connection between the combustion chamber and the room with the heat exchanger surfaces is partly designed with and partly without a channel narrowing.
  • Solid fuel combustion chambers have a grate surface on which the fuel is stored.
  • the combustion chambers are mostly made of chamotte all around.
  • the firing cycle is controlled by adding primary and possibly secondary air and, if necessary, by varying the negative pressure.
  • the flame tips are sucked together with the hot gases through the naturally existing or mechanically generated negative pressure into the area of the downstream heat exchanger surfaces.
  • the negative pressure can, for example, be brought about naturally by arranging a fireplace.
  • the flame is compact in oil or gas fan burners. A total burnout in the combustion chamber is achieved by the forced addition of combustion air, matched to the amount of fuel.
  • the invention has for its object to provide an improved device for burning bio and solid masses starting from the prior art described above.
  • the device according to the invention has a combustion chamber, a furnace, a space downstream of the combustion chamber with heat exchanger surfaces, a constriction between the combustion chamber and this space downstream, and an impeller for generating a gas or fire roller in the combustion chamber, this device being characterized according to the invention, that the constriction is part of a channel, one mouth area of which projects freely into the combustion chamber, and that its mouth is directed into the interior of the gas or fire roller. This mouth can be either directed towards the fan wheel or directed away from it.
  • This device has the great advantage that the cyclone-like gas flow generated by the impeller with its outer gas jacket regions located in its peripheral region is not passed through the constriction and thus out of the combustion chamber. Only the extremely dust-free hot gases present in the interior of the gas or fire roller are led out of the combustion chamber and the heat exchanger surfaces.
  • Firing systems that run on fuels that contain many small particles of organic origin such as dust and the like due to the processing of the wood tend to have a high dust discharge.
  • Combustion systems where lime is blown into the combustion chamber to incorporate harmful gas, are heavily loaded by the dust load in the heat exchanger area. This dust exposure is practically excluded with the device according to the invention.
  • the dust load is namely in the formation of the gas or fire roller in the outer loading rich form this roller; however, these outer roller regions do not come out of the combustion chamber through the constriction. Rather, these outer areas sweep over the mouth area of the channel leading out of the combustion chamber.
  • the channel can be present within a partition wall delimiting the combustion chamber.
  • the gas or fire roller can then run dead with its outer peripheral areas in the vicinity of the channel protruding into the combustion chamber, so that a total burnout of the hot gases is caused by the impact of the dust load on the area of the partition wall surrounding the mouth area of the channel.
  • Changes during the combustion process can be taken into account by changing the speed of the drive motor of the fan wheel.
  • the alkaline dust with which the hot gas can be loaded reacts with the pollutants HCI, S0 2 .
  • the resulting gypsum anhydride particles are carried to the periphery of the combustion chamber by the prevailing radial flow and can be removed from the combustion chamber by ash cleaners.
  • the design of the combustion chamber can be square or round.
  • the burner chamber can also be aligned vertically, horizontally or obliquely in the room.
  • the design is arbitrary within wide limits; A prerequisite for an optimal mode of operation is, however, that the channel-like constriction can open into the interior of the gas or fire roller.
  • the additional arrangement of the partition mentioned above can not only prevent dust particles from flowing out of the combustion chamber, but also an optimal combustion of these dust particles can be achieved. A completely new combustion behavior is thus achieved within a combustion chamber.
  • the endlessly rotating, homogeneous gas mass that can be generated in the combustion chamber is drawn off by the negative pressure acting from outside into the combustion chamber and fed to the heat exchangers.
  • An essential development of the invention is characterized in that the combustion chamber and gasification chamber, i. H. the room with the furnace must be designed separately from the combustion chamber.
  • the furnace only communicates with the combustion chamber over a relatively small opening area. This has the great advantage that dust and solid particles are retained in the area of the furnace, because the gasification act can take place in the pressure area and not in the combustion chamber, where there is negative pressure.
  • the negative pressure acting from the outside into the combustion chamber does not necessarily also exist in the area of the furnace at the same time. This enables particularly good gasification of the fuel.
  • the remaining hydrocarbon particles in the combustion chamber are totally burned out with the help of the gas or fire roller. This burnout is caused by the intimate mixing of air and hot gas over a longer residence time. This is essential for optimal burnout.
  • the spatial separation of the furnace from the combustion chamber has the effect that the vacuum generated by the fan wheel in the combustion chamber and / or the external pressure acting from outside cannot also exert its vacuum effect in the region of the furnace. As a result, streaking of the flames that are to be blown away from the furnace into the combustion chamber is no longer possible.
  • a further advantage is that the high NO x values which are undesirable in the prior art can be considerably reduced since high combustion chamber temperatures are no longer necessary; the entire combustion chamber is flowed through uniformly by the homogeneous gas mass in the device according to the invention.
  • the device according to the invention has the further advantage that a plurality of such combustion chambers and thus combustion devices can be connected to a collecting duct. It is only from this collecting duct that the hot gases then flow into downstream, also several rooms with heat exchangers. This arrangement enables problem-free part-load operation, since individual burner units can be switched off without problems and, for example, renovated. This means that a total shutdown of the firing system for repair purposes can be avoided.
  • combustion system in part-load mode also enables problem-free increases in thermal output. While by arranging the impeller a tax heating power within a single combustion chamber is possible, by switching a plurality of such combustion chambers on and off, an optimal adaptation of the generated heat output to the respective specifications and requirements can be achieved within wide limits.
  • the combustion device 10 according to the invention shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 is present within an outer shell 12.
  • the outer shell 12 is in turn covered on the inside by heat exchanger surfaces 14.
  • a combustion chamber 16 is formed in an inner partial region - on the left in FIG. 3.
  • This combustion chamber has a sectional head blower 18 on its left outer wall.
  • the gas mass present in the combustion chamber 16 can be set in an endless rotation about a central axis 20.
  • the axis of this gas roller 22 coincides approximately with the axis of rotation 20 of the blower 18.
  • a space 26 with a furnace for burning combustible material 28 is present, separated by a horizontal ceiling 24.
  • the two rooms 26, 16 are only connected to one another by an opening 30 provided in the ceiling 24.
  • the firing material 28 is present within a trough 32 formed in the space 26 and is fed there from the outside via a feed device 34.
  • a partition 38 is formed in the region of the combustion chamber 16.
  • the partition 38 is pierced by a so-called flame tube 40, the front collar 42 of which protrudes into the combustion chamber 16 and protrudes into the center 44 of the roller 22.
  • the collar 42 thus forms the opening region of the flame tube 40 which projects into the combustion chamber 16.
  • the other end 46 of this flame tube 40 opens into a further space 48 which is equipped with a plurality of heat exchanger surfaces 50. The gas flowing into the space 48 through the flame tube 40 sweeps along the heat exchanger surfaces 50 and then leaves the outer shell 12 through an exhaust gas tube 52.
  • the combustible material 28 present in the room 26 gasifies by burning within the room 26. This gasification creates a certain excess pressure in the room 26. This excess pressure is reduced through the opening 30 in the direction of the combustion chamber 16. Within the combustion chamber 16, the gases flowing in through the opening 30 from the space 26 are completely burned out.
  • the mass of gas present in the combustion chamber 16 is displaced into a fire roller 22 with the aid of the link head blower 18.
  • This fire roller rotates on its periphery at a high speed of about 40 to 50 m per second.
  • the gas roller 22, which is set in endless rotation, is heavily loaded with dust or other not yet burned particles in its peripheral region due to the gas density prevailing there.
  • the fire roller 22 is limited by the partition 38 in its axial extent.
  • the peripheral regions of the roller 22 abut the partition 38 and thus do not strike the interior of the flame tube 40.
  • the dust particles present in the outer regions of the roller 22 are thrown against the partition 38, whereby they disintegrate into smaller particles. This will promote their subsequent further combustion within the fire roller.
  • the low-dust hot gas mass flows out of the Center 44 of the roller 22 through the flame tube 46 into the space 48 with the heat exchangers 50.
  • This flow behavior is brought about by the vacuum present in the combustion chamber 16 via the exhaust tube 52.
  • the link head blower 18 also creates a negative pressure within the combustion chamber 16, which supports the outflow behavior through the flame tube 40.
  • the complete combustion of the existing particles within the combustion chamber 16 is achieved by the intimate mixing of air and hot gas with the help of the roller 22. Due to the air flow along the roller, these particles have a sufficiently long dwell time within the combustion phase.
  • the ceiling 24 has the advantage that the underpressure forming in the combustion chamber 16 does not also have a full effect in the space 26 with the furnace for the firing material 28.
  • the kiln 28 can therefore burn under excess pressure.
  • a streak-like outflow of the heavily dust-laden flames arising during the combustion of the combustion material 28 into the combustion chamber 16 is therefore effectively prevented.
  • the combustion chamber 16 and the space 26 with the furnace are arranged one below the other, in the combustion device 10.2, the combustion chamber 16.2 and the space 26.2 with the one shown in FIGS Furnace arranged side by side.
  • the two rooms 16.2 and 26.2 are connected to one another only by an opening 30 which, because of the two rooms 16.2 and 26.2 arranged next to one another, is not present in a ceiling but in a wall 54.
  • a grate 56 for supporting the combustible material to be burned is shown schematically. Firing material can be stored in room 26.2 via a firing door 58.
  • a link head blower 18 is present in the combustion chamber 16: 2.
  • the flame tube 40 with its collar 42 projecting into the combustion chamber 16.2 is arranged opposite the fan 18.
  • the outer jacket regions of the gas roller generated by the link head blower 18 penetrate a partition wall 38 surrounding the flame tube and thus not into the interior of the flame tube 40.
  • the flow conditions for the fuel gases are thus similar to that in FIGS 3 shown combustion device 10.
  • the hot gases flow after passing through a flame channel 60 into another room 62 located above the combustion chamber 16.2 and the room 26.2 with the furnace, which is equipped with a plurality of heat exchanger surfaces 50.
  • the gases are led out of the space 62 via an exhaust pipe 52.
  • FIG. 6 shows a burning device 10.3 which can be used in the baking trade in the present example.
  • the combustion chamber 16.3 is oriented obliquely upwards in space.
  • the gas roller generated by the link head blower 18 present in the combustion chamber 16.3 thus flows obliquely upwards.
  • the collar 42 projecting into the combustion chamber 16.3 ensures that only the dust-free inner regions of the roller can flow out through the flame tube 40 out of the combustion chamber 16.3.
  • This space 64 communicates with the interior of the combustion chamber 16.3 via an opening (not shown in FIG. 6).
  • the operation of this burner 10.3 corresponds to the burners 10 and 10.2 described above.
  • the hot gases After leaving the flame tube 40, the hot gases enter a flame channel 66. From there, they can optionally be introduced into two ovens 68, 70.
  • the supply of hot gases into the interior of the ovens 68, 70 can be regulated or limited in time by means of the shut-off devices 72, 74 connected upstream of the ovens 68, 70.
  • the gases continue to flow out of the flame channel 66 through a chimney 76 after opening a shut-off member 75.
  • the burner 10.3 can be retrofitted to existing ovens, for example as part of renovation projects. Due to the high burning power of the device according to the invention and the variations in the burning power which are possible within wide limits, optimum heating of downstream ovens or of other heat consumers is possible. If heating heat is not required, the heating power can be reduced very quickly and within wide limits by regulating the speed of the link head blower 18. On the other hand, by increasing the speed of the link head housing 18, conversely, it is also possible to very quickly start up from a low part-load operation to full load.
  • both the speed of the rotating fire roller and the gasification phase in the fire can be achieved Increase or reduce room 26.2 because the necessary combustion air can always be added. This process is known in the forge fire, where it is generated by a bellows.
  • FIG. 7 shows a combustion device 10.4, which has a combustion chamber 16.4, in which combustion of the combustion material also takes place at the same time.
  • the combustion chamber 16.4 in turn has a sectional head blower 18 and, opposite this, the flame tube 40 leading out of the combustion chamber 16.4 with the collar 42 projecting freely into the combustion chamber 16.4. In the area of this flame tube 40, the combustion chamber 16.4 is separated by a partition 38 (see FIG. 3). completed.
  • a pilot burner 80 is provided below the link head blower 18. Fuels such as chips, sawdust or the like are blown into the combustion chamber 16.4 from above through a feed channel 82. With the help of the pilot burner 80, these fuels can be burned within the combustion chamber 16.4. With the aid of the link head blower 18, the above-described fire roller 22 can then also be formed in the combustion chamber 16.4. Through the flame tube 40, practically dust-free gases also flow, as in the combustion devices described above, into downstream rooms, not shown, with heat exchanger surfaces.
  • the burner 10.4 is preferably used for fine-grained, dry fuels such as shavings and dusts, since the fuel is mixed directly with the carrier air into the rotating fire roller.
  • the burnout takes place in a sufficient dwell time since the fire roller flows through the combustion chamber in a spiral.
  • a rust surface is not necessary here; the carrier air is also combustion air.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
  • Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)
EP19920112832 1991-07-29 1992-07-28 Device for burning bio-masses and solid materials Withdrawn EP0525711A3 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4125047 1991-07-29
DE19914125047 DE4125047A1 (de) 1991-07-29 1991-07-29 Vorrichtung zur heissgasmischung und staubreduzierung in brennkammern

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0525711A2 true EP0525711A2 (fr) 1993-02-03
EP0525711A3 EP0525711A3 (en) 1993-03-03

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EP19920112832 Withdrawn EP0525711A3 (en) 1991-07-29 1992-07-28 Device for burning bio-masses and solid materials

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EP (1) EP0525711A3 (fr)
DE (1) DE4125047A1 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0751347A1 (fr) * 1995-06-29 1997-01-02 Richard Kablitz & Mitthof GmbH Four
EP1122495A1 (fr) * 2000-02-04 2001-08-08 Paul Christian Dispositif pour l'incinération de matière biomasse particulaire et solide
CN103615728A (zh) * 2013-11-06 2014-03-05 李观德 生物质环保燃烧器燃烧方法及高温锅与炉装置
CN103615729A (zh) * 2013-11-06 2014-03-05 李观德 垃圾无害化处理高温环保燃烧方法及装置

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2068516A (en) * 1980-01-28 1981-08-12 Volvo Flygmotor Ab Incineration of and energy recovery from relatively incombustible waste especially rubber and plastic
EP0289355A2 (fr) * 1987-05-01 1988-11-02 Utec B.V. Méthodes et appareil pour la combustion de la matière organique
EP0340859A1 (fr) * 1988-04-29 1989-11-08 Machinefabriek G. van der Ploeg B.V. Chaudière
WO1990014558A1 (fr) * 1989-05-25 1990-11-29 Christian, Paul Dispositif de combustion de biomasses et de matieres solides

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2068516A (en) * 1980-01-28 1981-08-12 Volvo Flygmotor Ab Incineration of and energy recovery from relatively incombustible waste especially rubber and plastic
EP0289355A2 (fr) * 1987-05-01 1988-11-02 Utec B.V. Méthodes et appareil pour la combustion de la matière organique
EP0340859A1 (fr) * 1988-04-29 1989-11-08 Machinefabriek G. van der Ploeg B.V. Chaudière
WO1990014558A1 (fr) * 1989-05-25 1990-11-29 Christian, Paul Dispositif de combustion de biomasses et de matieres solides

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0751347A1 (fr) * 1995-06-29 1997-01-02 Richard Kablitz & Mitthof GmbH Four
US5694868A (en) * 1995-06-29 1997-12-09 Michard Kablitz & Mitthof Gmbh Furnace system with post combustion space
EP1122495A1 (fr) * 2000-02-04 2001-08-08 Paul Christian Dispositif pour l'incinération de matière biomasse particulaire et solide
CN103615728A (zh) * 2013-11-06 2014-03-05 李观德 生物质环保燃烧器燃烧方法及高温锅与炉装置
CN103615729A (zh) * 2013-11-06 2014-03-05 李观德 垃圾无害化处理高温环保燃烧方法及装置
CN103615729B (zh) * 2013-11-06 2016-04-27 李观德 垃圾无害化处理高温环保燃烧方法及装置
CN103615728B (zh) * 2013-11-06 2016-10-05 李观德 生物质环保燃烧器燃烧方法及高温锅与炉装置

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Publication number Publication date
EP0525711A3 (en) 1993-03-03
DE4125047A1 (de) 1993-02-04

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