EP0569385A1 - Procede de clivage d'emulsions ou similaires - Google Patents

Procede de clivage d'emulsions ou similaires

Info

Publication number
EP0569385A1
EP0569385A1 EP92902310A EP92902310A EP0569385A1 EP 0569385 A1 EP0569385 A1 EP 0569385A1 EP 92902310 A EP92902310 A EP 92902310A EP 92902310 A EP92902310 A EP 92902310A EP 0569385 A1 EP0569385 A1 EP 0569385A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
emulsion
carbon dioxide
water
splitting
emulsions
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP92902310A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Elfie Beko Kondensat-Technik Gmbh Penth
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE4100964A external-priority patent/DE4100964A1/de
Priority claimed from DE4102175A external-priority patent/DE4102175A1/de
Priority claimed from DE4133160A external-priority patent/DE4133160A1/de
Priority claimed from DE4135578A external-priority patent/DE4135578A1/de
Priority claimed from DE4139385A external-priority patent/DE4139385A1/de
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0569385A1 publication Critical patent/EP0569385A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M175/00—Working-up used lubricants to recover useful products ; Cleaning
    • C10M175/04—Working-up used lubricants to recover useful products ; Cleaning aqueous emulsion based
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D17/00—Separation of liquids, not provided for elsewhere, e.g. by thermal diffusion
    • B01D17/02—Separation of non-miscible liquids
    • B01D17/04—Breaking emulsions
    • B01D17/042—Breaking emulsions by changing the temperature
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D17/00—Separation of liquids, not provided for elsewhere, e.g. by thermal diffusion
    • B01D17/02—Separation of non-miscible liquids
    • B01D17/04—Breaking emulsions
    • B01D17/047—Breaking emulsions with separation aids

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for splitting emulsions, dispersions or the like. into a floating organic and an aqueous phase.
  • the invention is applicable to all emulsions, suspensions and dispersions as they occur in part degreasing, food production, in waste water from paint and varnish production and processing, leather and textile manufacture, and the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.
  • Oil-in-water emulsions are used as metalworking fluids in metalworking.
  • the stability of these emulsions is an important criterion for their usability.
  • Compositions composed of anionic and nonionic surfactants are mostly used as emulsifiers.
  • foreign substances such as dirt and bacteria are introduced into the emulsion, which change their properties and thereby render them unusable, whereupon the emulsion has to be disposed of.
  • a variation of the chemical process is represented by the electrochemical process, whereby the anodic dissolution of polyvalent metals, predominantly iron and aluminum, produces emulsion-splitting hydroxide flakes. Salting of the wastewater is largely avoided by the process, which is also quite inexpensive. However, the voluminous sludge containing water is disadvantageous.
  • Membrane filtration has established itself among mechanical processes in recent years. However, while a dischargeable filtrate is produced without further aids, the retentate can only to a ö 'oil content of about 40% are concentrated.
  • the object of the present invention is to find a method by means of which used cooling lubricants, but also other emulsions, dispersions and suspensions, can be split in an environmentally friendly manner and with little expenditure on auxiliaries and can be reused.
  • the emulsion which in addition to auxiliaries consists essentially of oil, water and an anionic emulsifier or an emulsifier combination of anionic and not Ionic surfactants, either saturated with carbon dioxide under pressure or mixed with carbonated water and then split into an organic and an aqueous phase by subsequent slow heating and / or cooling.
  • the protons of the carbonic acid balance the charge of the emulsified droplets and break the emulsion during slow heating.
  • the floating oil phase is mostly clear and almost water-free. It can therefore be easily separated and cleaned. As soon as the oil phase is stirred with aqueous alkali (metal hydroxide), a stable emulsion is again obtained.
  • aqueous alkali metal hydroxide
  • membrane filtration Because of the high application safety with regard to the residual oil content in the filtrate, membrane filtration has proven to be ideally suited in combination with the method according to the invention.
  • the electrochemical processes are also quite suitable for aftertreatment of the cracked water with its low oil content, since the resulting sludge quantities are only very small.
  • the process according to the invention is based on the consideration that, although a strong acid must be available for the emulsion cleavage, the maintenance of the cleavage once carried out does not ultimately depend on a low pH.
  • the reason for this lies in the type of charge distribution and the change in splitting:
  • the surfactants with the hydrophilic group are placed around the oil droplets.
  • the particular stability of these emulsions is based on the combination of the ionic and non-ionic types of surfactants.
  • the polar group of non-ionic surfactants is much larger than that of anionic surfactants, which counteracts the convergence of two micelles as a prerequisite for confluence.
  • the carboxylate or sulfate groups anchored to the surface of the micelle by the lipophilic part of the molecule form a negative shell around the micelle.
  • the charge of this surfactant layer is partly neutralized by counter ions in the shell itself, partly by counter ions outside the shell. These counterions are not bound to the micelle and can diffuse freely. The effective charge of the micelle is therefore reduced by the counterions adsorbed on the shell.
  • This effective charge (zeta potential) is the second decisive factor for the mutual repulsion of the micelles.
  • zeta potential This effective charge (zeta potential) is the second decisive factor for the mutual repulsion of the micelles.
  • the degree of protolysis of the anionic surfactants is reduced by lowering the pH, thus lowering the zeta potential and ultimately causing the emulsion to break. It is therefore not necessary to maintain the low pH after cleavage.
  • the liquid to be treated is first saturated with carbon dioxide and then heated.
  • the treatment step of heating can precede that of carbon dioxide treatment. If the splitting results are also good, some of the carbon dioxide to be used can be saved in this way. This is possible according to the invention in that the emulsion to be split only needs to be supplied with as much carbon dioxide as is required for the split. This avoids a high, in many emulsions even uselessly high, carbon dioxide wasting final pressure in the gap container.
  • the main application is
  • Ultrasound but alternatively a simultaneous application of elevated temperature and ultrasound is also provided.
  • the emulsion splitting according to the invention by means of simultaneous use of carbon dioxide and ultrasound is not yet known.
  • the simultaneous use of carbon dioxide, ultrasound and thermal energy is also not known.
  • the process can be run continuously or in batches.
  • a possible embodiment of a system for carrying out the method according to the invention consists of a carbonic acid enrichment part, in which the emulsion is enriched with carbonic acid at an overpressure of 4 to 10 bar, and a correspondingly pressure-resistant container, which is equipped with a sonotrode and possibly electrical heating (up to 100 C) is equipped.
  • Used cooling lubricants can also be split according to the invention by means of carbon dioxide and electrical treatment.
  • the emulsion is electrolyzed during electrolytic treatment.
  • breaking is based on the principle of electroflotation or the principle of electroflocculation.
  • Electroflotation uses electrode material which remains inert with respect to the emulsion, JP 59 196 795 being porous
  • Carbon electrodes and JP 62 83 087 proposes a lead anode.
  • the electrode spaces are separated from one another by a diaphragm, which results in more efficient cleavage.
  • Sacrificial anodes made of iron or aluminum are used in electroflocculation (DD 225,916; WO 86/01124; WO 86/01233; DE 37 00 826 AD. These ideally dissolve into iron or aluminum hydroxide flakes, which break the emulsion.
  • a stable cooling lubricant can also be split using carbon dioxide and electrical energy.
  • thermal energy is - depending on the emulsion to be split - in many cases in a saving of energy, an acceleration of the time required for splitting or an increased application safety of the splitting.
  • electrical lockulation can also be considered as the electrical component of the method. It has been shown that the pH-lowering effect of the strained carbonic acid has such a destabilizing effect on the emulsion that the cooling lubricants, which are in themselves difficult to split, can be split both with direct current and with alternating current of different voltages. In particular, the problem of recurrent emulsification cannot be determined in the present process.
  • the invention also cleaves oil-in-water emulsions, the stability of which does not or only incompletely permit cleavage by means of coalescence filters and adsorption media such as activated carbon.
  • the method according to the invention uses a pretreatment using carbon dioxide to weaken the stability of the emulsion and then a treatment using coalescence filters and adsorption media to form a water phase that can be introduced into the channel system.
  • a pretreatment using carbon dioxide to weaken the stability of the emulsion
  • a treatment using coalescence filters and adsorption media to form a water phase that can be introduced into the channel system.
  • Compressed air condensates devices which separate free oil in a first stage, whereupon the emulsion is passed over a coalescence filter and is finally freed from the remaining oil components by means of an adsorption medium.
  • Emulsions stabilized in this way can therefore not be worked up effectively with the devices described above.
  • small amounts of emulsion such as e.g.
  • complex technical solutions such as ultrafiltration or chemical metering devices are out of the question, a technically simple and economical solution for processing these emulsions has been found.
  • the set goal was achieved by treating the emulsions to be split or the like. with carbon dioxide, subsequent treatment with a coalescence filter and aftertreatment with an adsorbent such as activated carbon.
  • the emulsion to be split is first at a pressure of preferably 1 bar (atmospheric pressure) to max. approx. 6 bar impregnated with carbon dioxide.
  • the emulsion is then passed through a separator for light liquid, a coalescence filter and an adsorption medium.
  • the lower energy consumption is advantageous if a heat exchanger for heat recovery is suitable due to the size of the system or due to the corresponding environmental conditions, e.g. Batch operation of the system corresponding to changing low outside temperatures outdoors, not worth it.
  • This process can also be operated continuously by first impregnating the material to be split with carbon dioxide, then freezing it in a continuously operating electric ice cube machine and then thawing it again using the waste heat from the ice cube maker.
  • the parts are first washed with an aqueous-based cleaning agent.
  • the cleaning agent is designed from the outset in such a way that the emulsion of cleaning agent, oil or fat and water formed during cleaning can easily be split with carbon dioxide. Easy cleavage is understood to mean that the emulsion saturated with carbon dioxide under pressure has to be heated only slightly or not at all until phase separation.
  • the rising organic phase is skimmed or separated off using an oil separator.
  • the water phase is re-sharpened with fresh cleaning agent and reused.
  • Anionic surfactants such as carboxylates, sulfates or sulfonates or metal hydroxides or combinations thereof are used as cleaning agents. 1
  • the resulting oil-containing washing liquors are either disposed of as special waste or processed according to the known methods of emulsion splitting.
  • emulsions can also be split using carbon dioxide and heat.
  • the emulsion to be cleaved optimized for easy cleavage, be produced by
  • r- that the cleaner acting as an amulsifier is selected so that the emulsion formed with the oil or fat has as little stability as possible against cleavage with carbon dioxide and heat.
  • This emulsion should not be cleavable by heat alone, since the washing processes themselves advantageously operate at an elevated temperature
  • Anionic surfactants such as carboxylates,
  • Sulfonates, sulfates, metal hydroxides or combinations thereof are used.
  • Non-ionic or cationic surfactants are generally less suitable.
  • the split water phase resulting from the splitting can be re-sharpened according to the invention with 0 cleaning agents and reused as cleaning agents. Salting of this circulating water phase can be countered by selecting the cation in the cleaning agent present as an ion pair in such a way that a sparingly soluble carbonate is formed during the j treatment with carbon dioxide. For example, calcium with carbon dioxide forms calcium carbonate.
  • the carbonate precipitating from the circulating split water phase can be removed together with the floating oil phase or by filtering. 0
  • An emulsion to be split is passed from a pressure-tight container 1 through a valve 2, such as a check valve, into a circuit 4 for carbonation.
  • the circuit 4 is supplied with carbon dioxide from a bottle 5. A ensures the mixing to form a saturated solution
  • Centrifugal pump 3 which pumps the emulsion under pressure in the circuit 4.
  • Partial flow of the emulsion is through a helix 6, which with the help of a
  • Thermostat 7 is heated, passed.
  • the split emulsion is discharged into a container 9 through an adjustable pressure-maintaining throttle 8, where the water phase 10 and the oil phase 11 separate.
  • a valve 12 is designed as a non-return valve and is arranged between the circuit 4 which serves to enrich the carbon dioxide and the coil 6 which serves to heat the emulsion to be split.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
  • Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)
  • Medicinal Preparation (AREA)

Abstract

Un procédé non-polluant et économique sert à cliver des émulsions usées telles que des réfrigérants lubrifiants au moyen de dioxyde de carbone sous pression et le cas échéant sous l'effet de la chaleur. A cet effet, l'émulsion de réfrigérant lubrifiant est saturée sous pression avec du dioxyde de carbone et chauffée et/ou refroidie jusqu'à provoquer le clivage. Au-dessus de la température de clivage, une phase huileuse flottante pauvre en eau et une phase aqueuse sous-jacente pauvre en huile se forment rapidement.
EP92902310A 1991-01-15 1992-01-14 Procede de clivage d'emulsions ou similaires Withdrawn EP0569385A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (10)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4100964 1991-01-15
DE4100964A DE4100964A1 (de) 1990-09-12 1991-01-15 Verfahren zur spaltung verbrauchter kuehlschmiermittel
DE4102175 1991-01-25
DE4102175A DE4102175A1 (de) 1990-09-12 1991-01-25 Verfahren zur spaltung verbrauchter kuehlschmiermittel
DE4133160 1991-10-07
DE4133160A DE4133160A1 (de) 1990-09-12 1991-10-07 Verfahren zur spaltung von oel in wasser emulsionen
DE4135578A DE4135578A1 (de) 1990-09-12 1991-10-29 Verfahren zum waschen oeliger oder fettiger teile
DE4135578 1991-10-29
DE4139385A DE4139385A1 (de) 1990-09-12 1991-10-29 Verfahren zur spaltung von oel in wasser emulsionen
DE4139385 1991-10-29

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0569385A1 true EP0569385A1 (fr) 1993-11-18

Family

ID=27511480

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92902310A Withdrawn EP0569385A1 (fr) 1991-01-15 1992-01-14 Procede de clivage d'emulsions ou similaires

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US5435920A (fr)
EP (1) EP0569385A1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH06504306A (fr)
AU (1) AU1160692A (fr)
CA (1) CA2100677A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1992013051A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102459097A (zh) * 2009-04-09 2012-05-16 G.I.C.工商服务有限公司 用于电化学分解乳浊液的胶体分解方法和设备

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DE19754756C1 (de) * 1997-12-10 1999-04-22 Messer Griesheim Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Spaltung einer ölhaltigen, wäßrigen Emulsion
DE19926577A1 (de) * 1999-06-11 2000-12-14 Messer Griesheim Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Emulsionsspaltung
WO2001037961A2 (fr) * 1999-11-10 2001-05-31 Duquesne University Of The Holy Ghost Procede de traitement continu de fluides au moyen de fluides supercritiques et d'energie micro-onde
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US6565744B2 (en) * 2001-09-07 2003-05-20 Mikhail Levitin Waste water cleaning system
WO2006065912A1 (fr) * 2004-12-13 2006-06-22 Champion Technologies, Inc. Evaluation quantitative de la stabilite d'une emulsion sur la base de mesures de champ electrique critique
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DE102007034258A1 (de) * 2007-07-21 2009-01-22 Universität Dortmund Verfahren zur Aufarbeitung von koaleszenzgehemmten Emulsionen aus Ganzzell-Biotransformationen mit Kohlendioxid
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US9562198B2 (en) * 2014-05-05 2017-02-07 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Demulsification and extraction of biochemicals from crude and its fractions using water and subcritical/supercritical carbon dioxide as proton pump with pH tuning without precipitating oil components
JP6485909B2 (ja) * 2015-07-09 2019-03-20 公立大学法人大阪府立大学 懸濁液から粉末油脂を分離する方法
CN109628124B (zh) * 2019-01-23 2023-11-03 榆林市榆神工业区华航能源有限公司 一种煤焦油脱水设备
CN110204128A (zh) * 2019-07-09 2019-09-06 上海环境保护有限公司 一种己内酰胺污水深度处理工艺

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CN102459097B (zh) * 2009-04-09 2013-11-20 G.I.C.工商服务有限公司 用于电化学分解乳浊液的胶体分解方法和设备

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US5435920A (en) 1995-07-25
JPH06504306A (ja) 1994-05-19
CA2100677A1 (fr) 1992-07-16
AU1160692A (en) 1992-08-27
WO1992013051A1 (fr) 1992-08-06

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