EP0556234B1 - Systeme d'emballage pour produits en vrac - Google Patents

Systeme d'emballage pour produits en vrac Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0556234B1
EP0556234B1 EP91919103A EP91919103A EP0556234B1 EP 0556234 B1 EP0556234 B1 EP 0556234B1 EP 91919103 A EP91919103 A EP 91919103A EP 91919103 A EP91919103 A EP 91919103A EP 0556234 B1 EP0556234 B1 EP 0556234B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
container
lid
packaging system
pouring
measuring spoon
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP91919103A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0556234A1 (fr
Inventor
Rainer Bergner
Hubert Drössler
Werner Künzel
Gottlieb Leusch
Georg MÜHLAUSEN
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Henkel AG and Co KGaA
Original Assignee
Henkel AG and Co KGaA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Henkel AG and Co KGaA filed Critical Henkel AG and Co KGaA
Publication of EP0556234A1 publication Critical patent/EP0556234A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0556234B1 publication Critical patent/EP0556234B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D77/00Packages formed by enclosing articles or materials in preformed containers, e.g. boxes, cartons, sacks or bags
    • B65D77/04Articles or materials enclosed in two or more containers disposed one within another
    • B65D77/06Liquids or semi-liquids or other materials or articles enclosed in flexible containers disposed within rigid containers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D51/00Closures not otherwise provided for
    • B65D51/24Closures not otherwise provided for combined or co-operating with auxiliary devices for non-closing purposes
    • B65D51/246Closures not otherwise provided for combined or co-operating with auxiliary devices for non-closing purposes provided with eating utensils or spatulas

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a packaging system for pourable goods, such as washing powder, in particular washing powder granules and / or extrudates, as is e.g. is known from US-A-4 653 671.
  • Conventional washing powder packaging generally consists of a folding box cut with tear tape, corrugated cardboard frame and riveted handle or handle integrated into the packaging, whereby 3 kg packs are generally used for normal powder or 2 kg containers for so-called heavy powder with a higher bulk density. With the latter, the package size is already significantly smaller than with conventional carrier packs for conventional detergent powder due to the higher bulk density of the product. However, as with the 3 kg large containers, it also works with an enclosed measuring cup or dosing aid, which is filled with a measuring vessel and placed directly in the washing machine. The packaging effort for this conventional packaging is therefore considerable and the disposal of the empty packaging is becoming increasingly problematic.
  • the object of the invention is to significantly reduce the packaging effort while improving handling and dosage.
  • the packaging material can be minimized in relation to the contents of the package, since the powder extrudate can be filled without empty space, the product having a supporting function during transport and storage, ie the relevant bag packaging is only transport-oriented.
  • the rigid bulk container can be loaded with new pouch packaging or its contents as often as desired, the opened pouch with contents can be inserted into the bulk container or the contents of the pouch packaging can also be transferred to the bulk container.
  • the remaining packaging material of the bag packaging can easily be compacted by crumpling it up in the smallest space and disposed of accordingly.
  • the handling is easy and safe when the bag packaging is opened in the bulk container or the packaging content is poured into the container.
  • the pouring container provided with a pouring nose has a measuring spoon which can be sealed between the pouring nose and the lid of the container.
  • the dosing spoon forms a part of a sealing envelope of the packaging material in the clamped state, while it serves as dosing agent when the packaging contents are removed.
  • a trough can expediently be formed in the lid of the container below the stem of the dosing spoon, such that the dosing spoon can be easily levered out from its clamped position between the pouring nose and the lid of the container by reaching under the stem.
  • the cover of the container can be connected to the container in a hinge-like manner at its end opposite the pouring nose, the hinge connection between the container made of plastic and the cover preferably being designed as a simple film hinge.
  • a particularly advantageous embodiment results when the metering spoon has a substantially square cross-section with a conically tapering shape into the interior of the container, such that the lid surrounds the metering spoon in a fork shape from the corner from which the Dipper stick extends above the lid, while the pouring nose of the container surrounds the opposite corner sides of the dosing spoon.
  • edges of the pouring container, lid and dosing spoon can also be expediently designed in the area of the latter such that the upper edge surfaces of the dosing spoon are flush with the uppermost edge of the pouring container and with the top of the lid.
  • the bag packaging can be designed as a simple block bottom bag, as has long been known for example for sugar or flour.
  • the bag packaging can expediently be made so long in its upper opening area that the area of the packaging material that lies against the pouring nose of the container can be clamped between the pouring nose and opposite surfaces of the dosing spoon, in such a way that an undisturbed bag packaging is inserted even when opened in the pouring container Distribution is guaranteed.
  • the packaging system described above has proven particularly suitable for detergent powder granules and / or extrudates with a bulk density of approx. 900 g / l, because these products remain pourable and free-flowing even with the pressure loads occurring during transport and storage of the relevant bag packaging, ie the individual grains are not destroyed or grow together to form larger grains.
  • Fig. 1 is a rigid plastic container 1 made of suitable plastic and a soft, as a block bottom bag, bulging filled bag packaging 2 made of water vapor-tight material, which together form the packaging system according to the invention.
  • the bulk container 1 is provided with a lid 3, which is connected to the plastic container via a film hinge 4, the adjacent region of the bulk container continuing in a handle 5.
  • the bulk container is also formed with a pouring nose 6 and the lid 3 with an approximately rectangular recess 7, such that when the lid is closed, an approximately square opening is formed in the region of the pouring nose 6 and the recess 7, which opening can be sealed by a measuring spoon 8 , whereby the measuring spoon 8 tapers conically into the interior of the container.
  • an edge bead 9 is formed and the lid 3 is provided with a corresponding snap edge 10 such that the top of the lid 3 is flush with the uppermost edge of the bulk container 1, as can be seen in particular in FIG. 1.
  • the lid 3 is also provided with a trough 11 in the region of a dipper stick 12, as shown in particular in FIG. 3, such that the dosing spoon 8 can be levered out of its closed position according to FIG. 3 by simply lifting the free end of the stick 12.
  • the packaging system in question works as follows: A bulk container 1 with at least one bag package 2, but preferably with a larger number of bag packages, is delivered together and the first bag package 2, whose outer contour is exactly matched to the inner contour of the bulk container 1, is opened in its upper region, as is the case here in block bottom bags for, for example, flour and sugar has been common for a long time and is either inserted into the bulk container 1 with enveloping packaging or the packaging content is transferred from the block bottom bag into the bulk container and then the lid 2 is closed and the measuring spoon also inserted sealingly between the pouring nose 6 and the lid recess 7, so that the contents of the packaging are well secured against the ingress of moisture or foreign matter until the respective use.
  • the measuring spoon 8 For removal then only the measuring spoon 8 needs to be levered out in the manner described above and a quantity determined by the receiving volume of the measuring spoon 8 is poured into the measuring spoon via the pouring nose 6 and placed in a washing machine or the like. This process can be repeated as required and then the measuring spoon is immediately brought back into the closed position. After completely emptying, the packaging material of the bag packaging 1 can be crumpled up in the smallest space and disposed of in the waste, whereby the disposal is kept to a minimum.
  • the dosing container has a practically unlimited shelf life and can be used again and again in connection with any number of pouch packs.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Packages (AREA)
  • Bag Frames (AREA)
  • Closures For Containers (AREA)
  • External Artificial Organs (AREA)
  • Basic Packing Technique (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Ensemble d'emballage pour produit en vrac, comprenant un récipient verseur (1) rigide pourvu d'un couvercle (3) de fermeture et d'un bec verseur (6) ainsi qu'un emballage (2) constitué d'un sachet se tenant ferme et bien tendu au remplissage dont le contour externe est adapté au contour interne du récipient verseur (1), caractérisé par le fait que, pour recevoir l'emballage (2) constitué d'un sachet pour des extrudats ou des granulats de lessive en poudre, le couvercle (3) est pourvu, au-dessus du bec verseur (6), d'un évidement (7) et que le récipient verseur (1) comprend une cuillère doseuse (8) qui peut être emboîtée fermement dans cet évidement (7) entre le bec verseur (6) et le couvercle (3).
  2. Ensemble d'emballage selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que le couvercle (3) du récipient (1) comporte une cavité (11) située au-dessous du manche (12) de la cuillère doseuse (8).
  3. Ensemble d'emballage selon la revendication 2, caractérisé par le fait que le couvercle (3) du récipient (1) est relié à celui-ci, à la manière d'une charnière, à son extrémité opposée au bec verseur (6).
  4. Ensemble d'emballage selon la revendication 3, caractérisé par le fait que la liaison en forme de charnière entre le récipient (1) en matière plastique et le couvercle (3) est constituée par une charnière pelliculaire (4).
  5. Ensemble d'emballage selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé par le fait que la cuillère doseuse (8) a une section sensiblement carrée et une forme qui va en se rétrécissant de manière conique à l'intérieur du récipient, de manière à ce que le couvercle (3) enserre, à la manière d'une fourche, le coin de cette cuillère doseuse (8) à partir duquel le manche (12) de cette dernière s'étende au-dessus du couvercle, tandis que le bec verseur (6) du récipient (1) entoure les côtés formant le coin opposé de cette cuillère doseuse.
  6. Ensemble d'emballage selon la revendication 5, caractérisé par le fait que l'extrémité supérieure du récipient verseur (1) est pourvue, sur son bord, d'un bourrelet (9) interne avec lequel le bord (10) du couvercle (3) coopère de manière à ce que la face supérieure de ce couvercle (3), lorsque celui-ci est fermé, se trouve au même niveau que le bord le plus haut du récipient verseur (1).
  7. Ensemble d'emballage selon la revendication 6, caractérisé par le fait que les bords du récipient verseur (1), du couvercle (3) et de la cuillère doseuse (8) sont conçus, dans la zone de cette cuillère, de manière à ce que les surfaces périphériques supérieures de cette dernière (8) soient dans le même plan que le bord le plus haut du récipient verseur (1) et que la face supérieure du couvercle (3).
  8. Ensemble d'emballage selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé par le fait que l'emballage sous forme de sachet est constitué par un sachet avec fond formé en un seul bloc.
  9. Ensemble d'emballage selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé par le fait que l'emballage sous forme de sachet est constitué dans une matière imperméable à l'eau et à la vapeur.
  10. Ensemble d'emballage selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé par le fait que l'emballage sous forme de sachet a une longueur telle, dans la zone de son ouverture supérieure, que la partie du matériau d'emballage qui est placée contre le bec verseur du récipient peut être pincée entre ce bec verseur et les surfaces de la cuillère doseuse qui font face à ce dernier.
  11. Ensemble d'emballage selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisé par le fait que l'emballage sous forme de sachet est rempli d'un granulat et/ou d'un extrudat de lessive en poudre dont la densité en vrac est d'environ 900g/l.
EP91919103A 1990-11-20 1991-11-11 Systeme d'emballage pour produits en vrac Expired - Lifetime EP0556234B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4036945 1990-11-20
DE4036945A DE4036945C2 (de) 1990-11-20 1990-11-20 Verpackungs-System für schüttfähiges Gut
PCT/EP1991/002127 WO1992008658A1 (fr) 1990-11-20 1991-11-11 Systeme d'emballage pour produits en vrac

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0556234A1 EP0556234A1 (fr) 1993-08-25
EP0556234B1 true EP0556234B1 (fr) 1995-04-05

Family

ID=6418614

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP91919103A Expired - Lifetime EP0556234B1 (fr) 1990-11-20 1991-11-11 Systeme d'emballage pour produits en vrac

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0556234B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE120707T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE4036945C2 (fr)
DK (1) DK0556234T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2070518T3 (fr)
GR (1) GR3015757T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO1992008658A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10294009B2 (en) 2015-01-16 2019-05-21 Conopco, Inc. Cleaning liquid dispensing system

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IT228561Y1 (it) * 1992-06-23 1998-04-27 Mira Lanza S P A Ora S R L Fustino per prodotti in polvere,quali detersivi,prodotti anticalcare, o simili,con coperchio provvisto di un alveolo di alloggiamento di un
DE4431137C2 (de) * 1994-09-01 1998-07-16 Henkel Kgaa Verpackung für schüttfähige Produkte
DE19507402C2 (de) * 1995-03-03 1997-03-20 Henkel Kgaa Verpackung für schüttfähige Güter
DE19532968A1 (de) * 1995-09-07 1997-03-13 Henkel Kgaa Verpackung für ein pulver- oder tablettenförmiges Produkt
US5706974A (en) * 1995-12-20 1998-01-13 Abbott Laboratories Can for powder products having scoop retaining means
US5860742A (en) * 1997-08-28 1999-01-19 Faircloth, Jr.; J. Wade Flexible bag dispenser
US10370167B2 (en) 2015-01-06 2019-08-06 Conopco, Inc. Cleaning liquid dispensing system

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB832711A (en) * 1957-04-26 1960-04-13 Frederick Abdela Improvements in or relating to the dispensing of liquids and powders
US3338459A (en) * 1966-01-04 1967-08-29 Olinkraft Inc Container
US4653671A (en) * 1984-01-09 1987-03-31 Christene Duffy Container
DE8422734U1 (de) * 1984-07-31 1985-11-28 Busse Design Ulm GmbH, 7915 Elchingen Flacher Flüssigkeitsbehälter
DE8634221U1 (fr) * 1986-12-20 1987-04-16 Innovag Schuleit & Partner Ag, Basel, Ch

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10294009B2 (en) 2015-01-16 2019-05-21 Conopco, Inc. Cleaning liquid dispensing system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE59105126D1 (de) 1995-05-11
DK0556234T3 (da) 1995-08-28
ATE120707T1 (de) 1995-04-15
DE4036945A1 (de) 1992-05-21
ES2070518T3 (es) 1995-06-01
DE4036945C2 (de) 1994-05-26
GR3015757T3 (en) 1995-07-31
WO1992008658A1 (fr) 1992-05-29
EP0556234A1 (fr) 1993-08-25

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
DE2905840C2 (fr)
DE1486237A1 (de) Aus einem insbesondere klarsichtigen Kunststoffbeutel gebildete Warenverpackung
EP0637552B1 (fr) Palette de dosage
EP0556234B1 (fr) Systeme d'emballage pour produits en vrac
DE2838215A1 (de) Vorrichtung zum ruetteln einer packung mit pulverfoermigem oder koernigem fuellgut
US4712508A (en) Litter material for small animals
DE202016004928U1 (de) Behältnis für Streugut-Verpackungen
DE3612895C2 (fr)
EP0900741B1 (fr) Moyen d'emballage pour produits pulvérulants
DE3018378A1 (de) Anordnung zur dosierten abgabe von pulverigem oder koernigem gut
EP0598166A1 (fr) Sac flexible d'emballage réutilisable
DE2123042A1 (de) Schale zum Verpacken von Fleisch und dergl
DE60128195T2 (de) Deckel für flexiblen oder halbsteifen Behälter, insbesondere für granulat- oder pulverförmige Produkte
DE4400991A1 (de) Verpackung für zerkleinerte und/oder geformte Feststoffe
DE102005040991B3 (de) Verpackung für Wasch- und Textilpflegemittel oder dergleichen
EP3678954A1 (fr) Récipient comprenant un couvercle et un bord de raclage
EP0777613B1 (fr) Emballage pour produits coulants
DE8328683U1 (de) Flexibles Verpackungsbehaeltnis fuer schuettfaehiges Fuellgut
DE6919071U (de) Stuetzbehaelter
EP1790960A1 (fr) Unité d'emballage avec sytème doseur intégré
DE102007014622A1 (de) Verpackung für fließfähige, insbesondere pulverförimige oder flüssige Produkte
CH424612A (de) Abgefüllte und verschlossene Verpackung mit Greifeinrichtung
CH371987A (de) Flachbeutelpackung sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung derselben
DE2163741B1 (de) Packung fur körniges bis puive nges fließfähiges Gut
CA1195889A (fr) Litiere pour petits animaux

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19930511

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FR GR IT LI NL SE

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19940530

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FR GR IT LI NL SE

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 120707

Country of ref document: AT

Date of ref document: 19950415

Kind code of ref document: T

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 59105126

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19950511

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FG2A

Ref document number: 2070518

Country of ref document: ES

Kind code of ref document: T3

ITF It: translation for a ep patent filed

Owner name: STUDIO JAUMANN

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GR

Ref legal event code: FG4A

Free format text: 3015757

ET Fr: translation filed
REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DK

Ref legal event code: T3

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed
PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Payment date: 20011106

Year of fee payment: 11

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 20011113

Year of fee payment: 11

Ref country code: DK

Payment date: 20011113

Year of fee payment: 11

Ref country code: AT

Payment date: 20011113

Year of fee payment: 11

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Payment date: 20011122

Year of fee payment: 11

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20011126

Year of fee payment: 11

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Payment date: 20011129

Year of fee payment: 11

Ref country code: GR

Payment date: 20011129

Year of fee payment: 11

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CH

Payment date: 20011130

Year of fee payment: 11

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Payment date: 20020124

Year of fee payment: 11

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: AT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20021111

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20021112

Ref country code: ES

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20021112

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20021130

Ref country code: CH

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20021130

Ref country code: BE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20021130

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20021231

BERE Be: lapsed

Owner name: *HENKEL K.G.A.A.

Effective date: 20021130

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20030601

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20030603

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20030609

EUG Se: european patent has lapsed
REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DK

Ref legal event code: EBP

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20030731

NLV4 Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee

Effective date: 20030601

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FD2A

Effective date: 20031213

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES;WARNING: LAPSES OF ITALIAN PATENTS WITH EFFECTIVE DATE BEFORE 2007 MAY HAVE OCCURRED AT ANY TIME BEFORE 2007. THE CORRECT EFFECTIVE DATE MAY BE DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE RECORDED.

Effective date: 20051111