EP0552097B1 - Appareil et procédé de révêtement électrolytique de nickel - Google Patents
Appareil et procédé de révêtement électrolytique de nickel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0552097B1 EP0552097B1 EP93400070A EP93400070A EP0552097B1 EP 0552097 B1 EP0552097 B1 EP 0552097B1 EP 93400070 A EP93400070 A EP 93400070A EP 93400070 A EP93400070 A EP 93400070A EP 0552097 B1 EP0552097 B1 EP 0552097B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- nickel
- anode
- cathode
- bath
- semi
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/12—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of nickel or cobalt
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D17/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells for electrolytic coating
- C25D17/002—Cell separation, e.g. membranes, diaphragms
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an improved apparatus and a method of electrolytically coating nickel. It concerns the field of nickel plating by electrolytic coating of metallic or non-metallic parts, using baths nickel plating using nickel sulfamate as input of nickel.
- nickel plating elements of electrical connectors and more generally to any nickel plating operation using a nickel sulfamate either by a static process (bath in a tank with fixed electrodes), either by a process dynamic (bath circulation or circulation of parts to nickel).
- a third important application concerns the purification of the nickel-plating baths used during the said coatings.
- complex compounds compounds resulting from the modification of the sulfamate ligand such as by example azodisulfonate.
- Nickel electroplating cell page 500, collar. 2 of Chemical Abstracts, vol. 102, n ° 18, May 1985, also makes known a coating device nickel electrolytic according to the preamble of the claim 1.
- the invention proposes, however, a device in accordance with the characterizing part of the claim 1.
- the semi-permeable wall of inert sintered material or polymer prevents the passage of oxidized compounds formed to the anode, from the anode compartment to the cathode compartment.
- the invention also aims to provide a method preventing or preventing the degradation of nickel plating baths and use these baths until exhaustion their nickel content, without risking incidents due to the early passivation of the anode in the case where it is made of soluble nickel, i.e. depolarized nickel sulfur, such as for example the products sold by the INCO Company (pellets, beads, etc.).
- the invention provides a method of electrolytic coating of a part according to claim 5.
- the cathode can consist of the part to coating, this part being in contact with the bath of the cathode compartment.
- the method may include a step preliminary to the nickel plating operation in which the cathode consists of a simple electrode allowing electrolysis nickel plating baths, to prevent and prevent their degradation and thus allow their use up to depletion of their nickel content.
- Figure 1 and Figure 2 show modes individuals implementing the invention, given as non-limiting examples.
- Figure 3 shows the evolution of the parameters electrochemical during electrolysis as performed in the prior art.
- Figure 4 shows the evolution of the parameters electrochemicals during an electrolysis performed according to the invention.
- the schematic representation of Figure 1 includes a container 1 formed of two vertical tanks communicating by a transverse channel, intended to receive the bath 2 to be electrolyzed.
- a cathode 3 is immersed in one of the vertical tanks and an anode 4 is immersed in the other vertical tank.
- a semi-permeable wall 5 closes the channel transverse which connects the two vertical tanks and separates thus the anode compartment of the cathode compartment.
- FIG. 2 schematically represents a tank 6 intended to receive the bath 7 to be purified.
- a cathode 8 and an anode 9 isolated from the rest of the bath by a semi-permeable wall 10 thus delimiting, around the anode, a compartment inside the nickel plating bath.
- the semi-permeable wall can be a frit or a polymer membrane.
- the electrolysis carried out is in itself known both for the connection of the electrodes as for the control of different parameters.
- the anode and the cathode could be connected, via a rheostat, to the terminals of a direct current source for supplying voltage U of a few volts at an intensity I of a few amps .
- a tension measurement device can be mounted between the anode and a reference electrode and will provide the potential (Ea) of the anode relative to the reference electrode.
- cathode cathode
- anode anode
- reference electrode the three electrodes: cathode, anode and reference electrode
- FIG 3 shows that, until time T 1 , the three parameters I, U, Ea are constant and the electrolysis process takes place normally, beyond T 1 we have shown the passivation phenomenon of the anode which not only generates an increase in the potential of the anode relative to the reference electrode Ea, but above all which causes a sudden drop in the nickel-plating current I with rapid degradation of the bath by oxidation and formation of a non-homogeneous nickel deposit .
- This passivation of the anode also produces a deterioration of the bath by acidification with, consequently, the formation of a fragile nickel deposit.
- the cathode is placed in one of the two vertical tanks of a device of the kind of that schematically represented in Figure 1, the anode and the reference electrode are placed in the other vertical tank, the semi-permeable wall being placed between the two tanks in the transverse channel.
- FIG. 4 shows that, until time T 1 , the electrolysis evolves in the same way as in the previous case represented in FIG. 3. As in the previous case, the passivation phenomenon of the anode causes a increase in potential Ea.
- two nickel plating operations are carried out, one according to the prior art, the other in separate compartments by a semi-permeable wall, in two nickel plating baths of identical starting composition.
- the three electrodes cathode, anode and reference electrode for mercury sulfamate, are placed in a non-compartmentalized tank; in in the case of an apparatus according to the invention, the cathode is placed in one of the two vertical tanks of a device of the kind schematically shown in the figure 1, the anode and the reference electrode are placed in the other vertical tank, the semi-permeable wall being a sintered in pyrex n ° 4, 3 mm thick, marketed by SOVIREL company placed between the two tanks in the canal transverse.
- the passivation anode intervened after 30 minutes about and was highlighted by the rise of his surface potential with an Ea value of approximately 300 mV up to a value exceeding 1000 mV.
- the initial nickel plating bath has been greatly enriched by complex compounds such as by example azidosulfonate in one of the compartments making impossible any electrolysis, while the bath contained in the other compartment remains capable of ensuring effective nickel plating after 9 hours of using the original bath.
- Maintaining the oxidized compound in a compartment specific so as not to pollute the bath allows to perform purification of sulfamate baths by electrolysis (extraction of traces of cobalt for example) without pollution azodisulfonate.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
- Electroplating And Plating Baths Therefor (AREA)
Description
- d'un récipient contenant le bain de nickelage agité ou non, une anode souvent constituée d'un panier grillagé (par exemple en titane) et rempli de billes de nickel soluble (par exemple celles commercialisées par la Société INCO), et une cathode constituée de la pièce à revêtir de nickel, ou
- des mêmes récipient, bain de nickelage et anode que ci-dessus, mais avec une cathode constituée d'une plaque métallique quelconque (par exemple en acier inoxydable)l'ensemble du dispositif étant, dans ce cas, destiné à préparer le bain de nickelage avant utilisation en le purifiant par élimination, par électrolyse contrôlée, des impuretés métalliques non désirées (par exemple du cobalt dans le cas des installations nucléaires), ou
- d'une anode cylindrique creuse revêtue de nickel soluble et placée au centre du tube à réparer par nickelage constituant la cathode, le bain de nickelage circulant dans un sens entre la cathode et l'anode puis dans le sens opposé à l'intérieur de l'anode.
- on prépare 120 cm3 d'une solution de nickelage
comprenant :
- 93 g/l de nickel sous forme de sulfamate et
- 40 g/l d'acide borique.
- la distance entre les électrodes est de 8 cm,
- les électrodes sont constituées de plaquettes de 1,4 cm x 1,4 cm x 0,1 cm,
- la cathode est en alliage "Inconel 600",
- l'anode est en nickel et recouverte, sur une face, de nickel dépolarisé au soufre,
- avant le nickelage, les électrodes subissent :
- un décapage électrolytique dans l'acide sulfurique
à 10 % à 58°C,
- pendant 60 secondes avec une intensité de 32 A/cm2 pour la cathode,
- pendant 25 secondes avec une intensité de 32 A/cm2 pour l'anode,
- un rinçage à l'eau,
- une polarisation en milieu acide sulfamique/ sulfamate de nickel à 58°C pendant 30 secondes avec une intensité de 4,8 A/cm2, la cathode étant polarisée cathodiquement,
- les électrodes décrites ci-dessus et une électrode de référence au sulfamate mercureux sont placées dans le bain de sulfamate de nickel,
- au cours de l'opération de nickelage on électrolyse le bain de sulfamate de nickel avec une différence de potentiel U maintenue constante, après une variation linéaire de 0 à U volts en une minute, de manière à avoir en régime stable une densité de courant I comprise entre 20 et 25 A/dm2; la densité de courant et la tension de l'anode (c'est-à-dire le potentiel Ea de l'anode par rapport à l'électrode de référence) sont enregistrées.
Claims (5)
- Appareil pour revêtir électrolytiquement une pièce de nickel, à partir d'un bain de nickelage utilisant, comme composé d'apport de nickel, du sulfamate de nickel, ayant un récipient contenant le bain de nickelage et une paroi semi-perméable (5, 10) séparant un compartiment cathodique d'un compartiment anodique, dans lesquels sont respectivement plongées une cathode (8) et une anode (9) en nickel, caractérisé en ce que la paroi est un polymère ou matériau fritté inerte de nature telle qu'elle empêche le passage de composés oxydés formés à l'anode.
- Appareil selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le récipient est formé de deux cuves verticales communiquant par un canal transversal obturé par la paroi semi-perméable.
- Appareil selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la paroi semi-perméable délimite, autour de l'anode ou de la cathode, un compartiment à l'intérieur même du bain de nickelage.
- Procédé de revêtement électrolytique d'une pièce, suivant lequel on fait passer un courant d'électrolyse dans un bain de nickelage utilisant comme composé d'apport de nickel, du sulfamate de nickel, entre une cathode constituée par la pièce à revêtir et une anode en nickel soluble, plongées dans le bain, et séparées par une paroi semi-perméable, caractérisé en ce que l'on empêche les libres échanges entre les composés complexes formés à la cathode et ceux formés à l'anode en constituant la paroi en matériau fritté inerte ou en polymère permettant le passage du courant d'électrolyse.
- Procédé selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une étape préliminaire de passage d'un courant au cours de laquelle la cathode est constituée d'une simple électrode.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9200407A FR2686352B1 (fr) | 1992-01-16 | 1992-01-16 | Appareil et procede de revetement electrolytique de nickel. |
FR9200407 | 1992-01-16 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0552097A1 EP0552097A1 (fr) | 1993-07-21 |
EP0552097B1 true EP0552097B1 (fr) | 1998-03-11 |
Family
ID=9425680
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP93400070A Expired - Lifetime EP0552097B1 (fr) | 1992-01-16 | 1993-01-13 | Appareil et procédé de révêtement électrolytique de nickel |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5403460A (fr) |
EP (1) | EP0552097B1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69317315T2 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2686352B1 (fr) |
ZA (1) | ZA93264B (fr) |
Families Citing this family (24)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19834353C2 (de) * | 1998-07-30 | 2000-08-17 | Hillebrand Walter Gmbh & Co Kg | Alkalisches Zink-Nickelbad |
DE19848467C5 (de) * | 1998-10-21 | 2006-04-27 | Walter Hillebrand Gmbh & Co. Kg Galvanotechnik | Alkalisches Zink-Nickelbad |
US6482298B1 (en) * | 2000-09-27 | 2002-11-19 | International Business Machines Corporation | Apparatus for electroplating alloy films |
EP2450474A1 (fr) * | 2001-08-01 | 2012-05-09 | JX Nippon Mining & Metals Corporation | Nickel à pureté élevée, cible de pulvérisation comprenant le nickel à pureté élevée et film mince formé en utilisant cette cible de pulvérisation |
US7195702B2 (en) * | 2003-06-06 | 2007-03-27 | Taskem, Inc. | Tin alloy electroplating system |
US7063628B2 (en) * | 2004-03-23 | 2006-06-20 | Callaway Golf Company | Plated magnesium golf club head |
US7087268B2 (en) * | 2004-03-30 | 2006-08-08 | Callaway Golf Company | Method of plating a golf club head |
US20060096867A1 (en) * | 2004-11-10 | 2006-05-11 | George Bokisa | Tin alloy electroplating system |
US7311615B2 (en) * | 2005-07-01 | 2007-12-25 | Charles Hsu | Golf club head with ceramic layer |
US20110226613A1 (en) | 2010-03-19 | 2011-09-22 | Robert Rash | Electrolyte loop with pressure regulation for separated anode chamber of electroplating system |
US8980068B2 (en) | 2010-08-18 | 2015-03-17 | Allen R. Hayes | Nickel pH adjustment method and apparatus |
US9404194B2 (en) | 2010-12-01 | 2016-08-02 | Novellus Systems, Inc. | Electroplating apparatus and process for wafer level packaging |
US8425751B1 (en) | 2011-02-03 | 2013-04-23 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Systems and methods for the electrodeposition of a nickel-cobalt alloy |
US9534308B2 (en) | 2012-06-05 | 2017-01-03 | Novellus Systems, Inc. | Protecting anodes from passivation in alloy plating systems |
US10465307B2 (en) | 2015-11-19 | 2019-11-05 | Fabric8Labs, Inc. | Apparatus for electrochemical additive manufacturing |
CN111630211B (zh) | 2017-11-01 | 2024-05-24 | 朗姆研究公司 | 控制在电化学镀敷设备上的镀敷电解液浓度 |
US10914000B1 (en) | 2019-08-23 | 2021-02-09 | Fabric8Labs, Inc. | Method for manufacturing a printhead of an electrochemical additive manufacturing system |
US11512404B2 (en) | 2019-08-23 | 2022-11-29 | Fabric8Labs, Inc. | Matrix-controlled printhead for an electrochemical additive manufacturing system |
US11680330B2 (en) | 2021-07-22 | 2023-06-20 | Fabric8Labs, Inc. | Electrochemical-deposition apparatuses and associated methods of electroplating a target electrode |
US11795561B2 (en) | 2021-08-02 | 2023-10-24 | Fabric8Labs, Inc. | Electrochemical-deposition system, apparatus, and method using optically-controlled deposition electrodes |
US11920251B2 (en) | 2021-09-04 | 2024-03-05 | Fabric8Labs, Inc. | Systems and methods for electrochemical additive manufacturing of parts using multi-purpose build plate |
US11970783B2 (en) | 2021-09-23 | 2024-04-30 | Fabric8Labs, Inc. | Systems and methods for manufacturing electrical components using electrochemical deposition |
US11745432B2 (en) | 2021-12-13 | 2023-09-05 | Fabric8Labs, Inc. | Using target maps for current density control in electrochemical-additive manufacturing systems |
US12104264B2 (en) | 2021-12-17 | 2024-10-01 | Fabric8Labs, Inc. | Systems and methods for electrochemical additive manufacturing of parts using capacitive sensing |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE925264C (de) * | 1952-11-15 | 1955-03-17 | Hesse & Co Dr | Verfahren zum Vernickeln ohne Nickelanoden |
JPS563692A (en) * | 1979-06-23 | 1981-01-14 | Kooken:Kk | Method and apparatus for high speed plating |
US4902388A (en) * | 1989-07-03 | 1990-02-20 | United Technologies Corporation | Method for electroplating nickel onto titanium alloys |
JPH03120390A (ja) * | 1989-09-29 | 1991-05-22 | Toshiba Corp | 低応力ニッケルめっき浴 |
JP2764337B2 (ja) * | 1990-05-10 | 1998-06-11 | 新日本製鐵株式会社 | Ni又はNi―Zn合金又はNi―Zn―Co合金メッキ方法 |
-
1992
- 1992-01-16 FR FR9200407A patent/FR2686352B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1993
- 1993-01-13 DE DE69317315T patent/DE69317315T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-01-13 EP EP93400070A patent/EP0552097B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-01-15 US US08/005,207 patent/US5403460A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-01-15 ZA ZA93264A patent/ZA93264B/xx unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ZA93264B (en) | 1994-07-15 |
US5403460A (en) | 1995-04-04 |
DE69317315T2 (de) | 1998-10-15 |
EP0552097A1 (fr) | 1993-07-21 |
FR2686352A1 (fr) | 1993-07-23 |
DE69317315D1 (de) | 1998-04-16 |
FR2686352B1 (fr) | 1995-06-16 |
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