Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
  • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
  • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
  • F42B12/72—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material
  • F42B12/74—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material of the core or solid body
  • F42B12/745—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material of the core or solid body the core being made of plastics; Compounds or blends of plastics and other materials, e.g. fillers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
  • C22C32/0094—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with organic materials as the main non-metallic constituent, e.g. resin

Definitions

• the present invention relates to sub-projectiles or projectiles with caliber stabilized by empennage for kinetic energy ammunition of small, medium and large caliber and in particular for hunting ammunition. Big game shooting is done using lead alloy bullet cartridges, whether or not coated with a metal casing. This bullet is commonly called a projectile when its diameter is equal to the caliber of the weapon and a sub-projectile when its diameter is less than the caliber of the weapon. In 12, 16 or 20 caliber hunting weapons, the stabilization of the projectile is obtained by a dragging or stabilizing element located at the rear of said projectile.
• the most commonly used lead alloy which also consists of antimony and tin, has the following advantages:
• the object of the present invention is to replace lead alloys with an alloy composed in part of a organic material and metallic particles.
• the invention relates to a sub-projectile or projectile of caliber, stabilized by tail, for ammunition with kinetic energy of small, medium and large caliber and in particular for hunting ammunition characterized in that it is made of an organic mixed alloy- metallic consisting of at least one organic material ensuring the cohesion of the assembly and at least one metallic filler.
• the sub-projectile or projectile according to the invention is characterized: - in that the mixed organic-metallic alloy has physical and / or mechanical properties which are homogeneous longitudinally and radially
• the mixed organic-metallic alloy has physical and / or mechanical properties varying longitudinally and radially
• the organic material and / or the metallic charge of the mixed organic-metallic alloy make it possible to adapt the physical and / or mechanical properties according to a longitudinal variation - in that the organic material and / or the metallic charge of the mixed organic-metallic alloy makes it possible to adapt the physical and / or mechanical properties according to a radial variation - in that the organic material of the mixed organic alloy - metallic is loaded with carbon, glass or organic fibers
• the organic material contains an adjuvant such as a lubricant, a stabilizer or a colorant - in that there is a longitudinal variation in the density, from the highest value at the top to the lowest value on foot
• Figure 1 is a half-sectional view of a kinetic energy munition composed of a sub-projectile made of an alloy according to the present invention.
• FIG. 2 is a view showing a magnification of the structure of the alloy along the section AA of FIG. 1.
• Figure 3 is a half-sectional view of a sub-projectile having homogeneous physical and mechanical properties longitudinally and radially.
• FIG. 4 is a half-section view of a simplified sub-projectile having longitudinally variable physical and mechanical properties.
• FIG. 5 is a half-section view of a simplified sub-projectile having radially variable physical and mechanical characteristics.
• FIG. 6 is a half-section view of a sub-projectile with high density and high brittleness at the head.
• FIG. 1, specified above, represents an ammunition for a hunting weapon with a smooth or slightly striped core of caliber 12, 16 or 20 for example.
• Figures 3, 4, 5 and 6 show the sub-projectile of this munition whose stability on the trajectory is ensured by a tail.
• Figure 1 is a half-sectional view which gives a use of the present invention for a hunting ammunition 1.
• the latter comprises a socket 2 of metallic material or not carrying a primer not shown, socket containing the propellant powder 3 and the projectile 4 constituted by a launching device 5 and a sub-projectile 6 composed of a body 7 and a tail unit.
• the launching device 5, composed of 2 elements with longitudinal separation, comprises teeth 9 which cooperate with grooves 10 formed on the body 7 of the sub-projectile 6.
• the launching device 5 is therefore secured to the body 7 of the sub-projectile 6. From the exit of the tube . the weapon, the longitudinal separation of the elements of the launching device 5 is achieved mainly thanks to the aerodynamic forces which are exerted on the front of said elements, thus releasing the sub-projectile 6 which achieves the intended objective.
• Figure 2 gives the magnification of the structure of the mixed organic-metallic alloy used (in section AA of Figure 1)
• the body 7 of the sub-projectile 6, made of this alloy, consists of metallic particles 11 embedded in an organic binder 12. This assembly obtained essentially by injection makes it possible to easily control the physical and mechanical properties for the intended application.
• the potentially usable organic materials 12 are:
• thermoplastics which are injected into cold molds and which essentially comprise polyamides, polycarbonates, polyethylenes and polybutylenes.
• Thermosets which are injected into hot molds and which include in particular EPOXY resins, polyides and phenoplasts. All these materials can be loaded in variable proportions with carbon, glass or organic fibers (example: Kevlar).
• the ranges for the main physical and mechanical properties of the abovementioned organic materials are given below by family.
• the metallic materials 11 introduced into the organic material 12 are either in the form of particles with dimensions of between 0.005 and several millimeters or in the form of fibers of diameter varying from 0.001 to 2 millimeters and of adjustable length.
• the first family includes pure metals such as: tungsten, molybdenum, tantalum, iron, copper, aluminum, boron, nickel, cobalt and titanium.
• the second family includes alloys, some of which are listed below:
• alloy steels example: 35 NCD 16 (Nickel + chromium + molybdenum)
• alloyed aluminum such as AU 4 G for example (aluminum + copper + magnesium) - copper alloys such as bronzes, brasses and cuproalus.
• titanium alloys such as TA6V (titanium + aluminum + vanadium)
• the density of the mixed alloy obtained can reach that of the highest density metallic load of 19,300 kg / m 3 .
• this high limit has never been reached, but the production of an organic mixed alloy of 18,800 kg / m3 is perfectly possible (the filling rate of the metallic charge of
• the density of the mixed alloy obtained is 14580 kg / m 3 .
• a mixed alloy of homogeneous longitudinal and radially homogeneous physical and mechanical characteristics and density 11,300 kg / m3 was produced, corresponding to that of a lead alloy for bullet of hunting.
• the proportions observed were 10,798 kg of tungsten powder (corresponding to a filling ratio of 0.56) and 502 kg of polyamide 6.6.
• Figure 3 is a half-sectional view of the sub-projectile thus produced.
• the body 7 of the sub-projectile 6 has circular grooves 10 on the outer part, the function of which has been described previously.
• Other circular grooves 13 and adents 14 are formed at the foot of the body 7 of the sub-projectile 6 thus allowing the correct attachment of the tail 8 obtained by over-injection of a plastic alloy.
• FIGS. 3a and 3b show that the body 7 of the sub-projectile 6 has homogeneous physical and mechanical characteristics both longitudinally and radially. To compare with shooting the polyamide 6,6 mixed alloy of tungsten powder with the lead alloy, it was produced in each of these materials, an equal number of sub-projectiles 6 with identical mass and geometry.
• the mechanical strength of the mixed alloy during the pressure build-up phase was excellent as well as the ballistic dispersion obtained 100 meters from the weapon.
• a lower dispersion of the speed was observed at 100 meters than with the same sub-projectile provided with a body 7 of lead alloy. This is explained by the fact that this mixed alloy is very homogeneous during its implementation and does not create internal volume defects as with the lead alloy.
• the mixed organic-metallic alloy used for producing the body 7 of the sub-projectile 6 has homogeneous characteristics longitudinally and radially.
• these homogeneous characteristics can be obtained by starting either from an intimate mixture of an organic material and a metallic charge (case developed above cf fig 3), or from an intimate mixture of several organic materials and a metallic charge, either of an intimate mixture of an organic material with several metallic charges and finally either of an intimate mixture of several organic materials with several metallic charges.
• the mixture of organic material and metallic filler is carried out during the processing of the alloy.
• the organic material (s) can be reinforced with carbon, glass or organic fibers (example: KEVLAR).
• Adjuvants such as lubricants can also be introduced to facilitate processing (for example metal stearates), stabilizers for molecular chains (for example phenols and polyphenols) and colorants for essentially aesthetic purposes (for example oxides minerals such as calcium oxides).
• FIG. 4 is a half-section view of a sub-projectile 6 consisting of a body 7 composed of three elements 15, 16 and 17 making it possible to obtain a longitudinal gradient of the physical and / or mechanical properties and of a empennage 8.
• the connections of elements 15, 16 and 17 between them as well as the interfaces of the sub-projectile 6 with the launching device 5 and the empennage 8 itself have not been shown. diagrammed in dotted lines.
• Each element 15, 16 and 17 is composed of a mixed organic-metallic alloy with homogeneous characteristics longitudinally and radially. The implementation is carried out successively in a longitudinal fashion from head to foot or from foot to head. For example, element 15 is first produced which receives superinjection on the interface 18 element 16, which receives superinjection on the interface 19 element 17, which also receives superinjection on the interface 20 empennage 8 which itself is simply a plastic alloy.
• this configuration makes it possible to make the best use of the physical and / or mechanical properties of the alloy as a function of the objectives to be ensured by each of them.
• Figure 4a gives an illustration of the characteristics imposed on each element. Among other things, it was favored a low resilience (k) therefore a great ease of rupture upon impact of the element 15 placed at the head of the sub-projectile 6. This element easily fragments against the soft parts of a game.
• Element 16 located in the middle of the sub-projectile 6 has the highest breaking strength (RT) to ensure the mechanical resistance of the sub-projectile to the mechanical stresses generated during the travel phase of the projectile 4 in the core of the barrel of the weapon.
• This element is not very fragile on impact (k) which makes it difficult to fragment when crossing the soft parts of the game but sufficiently resistant to properly attack the hard parts of said game.
• the element 17, located at the foot of the sub-projectile 6 has a relatively high resistance to rupture (RT) and an elongation (Al). These characteristics allow it to have an intermediate behavior between the element 15 and the element 16 and to withstand all the transverse stresses generated by the transverse gradients induced by the pressure of the gases during the combustion of the propellant powder 3 and transmitted by the 'empennage 8. Furthermore, the density (MV) of the element 17 is the lowest to give good stability of the sub-projectile 6 on trajectory.
• RT resistance to rupture
• Al elongation
• FIG. 5 is a half-section view of a sub-projectile comprising a body 7 composed of three elements of tubular form for elements 21 and 22 and cylindrical for element 23 nested one inside the other, making it possible to obtain a radial gradient of the physical properties and / or mechanical and a tail 8 shown only in dotted lines.
• the connections of the elements 21, 22, 23 are not shown, as well as the sub-projectile 6 - launching device 5 and sub-projectile 6 - tailplane 8 interfaces.
• Each element 21, 22 or 23 is composed of a mixed organic-metallic alloy with homogeneous characteristics longitudinally and radially. The implementation is carried out successively from the axis of the sub-projectile 6 towards the outside. Element 23 is first produced which receives over-injection of element 22 which receives over-injection of element 21. The tail 8 is linked to element 23 during injection.
• This configuration different from the previous one, also makes it possible to exploit the physical and / or mechanical properties of the mixed alloy of each element as a function of the objectives targeted for each of them.
• Figure 5a gives an illustration of the characteristics imposed on each element.
• element 21 an alloy was chosen which presents a compromise between its brittleness (low k), to fragment or peel easily in the soft parts of a game, and its resistance (RT and A% quite high ) to the mechanical stresses generated during the phase of travel of the projectile 4 in the core of the barrel of the weapon.
• MV high density
• the element 22 has an intermediate role making it possible to ensure good mechanical resistance of the elements between them during the course of the projectile 4 in the core of the barrel of the weapon and to supplement the destructive effects of the element 21 and those of the element 23. Its mechanical characteristics are on average intermediate between those of elements 21 and 23.
• Element 23 is the hard element of the sub-projectile 6. It has both a high resilience (k) to resist breaking by shock, a high resistance (RT) to allow to attack under good conditions the hard parts of a game and a high density to obtain surface kinetic energy (kinetic energy delivered by this element compared to the transverse surface of said element ) as high as possible. This kinetic energy is essential to ensure good penetration of hard parts of game.
• the mixed organic-mechanical alloys polyamide 6, 6-steel for element 21, polysulfone-tungsten for element 22 and polyamide imide-tungsten for element 23 are an example of association to meet the requirements.
• the body 7 of the sub-projectile 6 may consist of only two elements, the external element having characteristics situated between those of elements 21 and 22 and the central element having characteristics identical to those of element 23.
• polyamide imide-tungsten with a filling rate of 0.74 density of 14670 kg / m3, resilience 80 J / m, breaking strength 110 MPa
• polyamide 6,6-tungsten with a filling rate of 0.36 (density of 7680 kg / m3, resilience 10 J / m, breaking strength 53 MPa).
• Figure 6 is a half-sectional view schematically showing a sub-projectile 6 comprising a body 7 by combination of elements of type 15, 16, 17 specified in Figure 4 and of elements. type 21, 22, 23 indicated by FIG. 5. This combination makes it possible to obtain both a longitudinal gradient and a radial gradient of the physical and / or mechanical properties.
• the invention described here applied to hunting ammunition can be adapted to any other type of small, medium and large caliber ammunition and very particularly to shooting practice ammunition.

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• 1990
  • 1990-07-02 FR FR9008649A patent/FR2664039B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 1991
  • 1991-07-02 WO PCT/FR1991/000527 patent/WO1992000499A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1991-07-02 EP EP19910913023 patent/EP0537264A1/de not_active Withdrawn

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