EP2192376B1 - Antriebsvorrichtung mit regulierter Progressivität - Google Patents

Antriebsvorrichtung mit regulierter Progressivität Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2192376B1
EP2192376B1 EP20090290837 EP09290837A EP2192376B1 EP 2192376 B1 EP2192376 B1 EP 2192376B1 EP 20090290837 EP20090290837 EP 20090290837 EP 09290837 A EP09290837 A EP 09290837A EP 2192376 B1 EP2192376 B1 EP 2192376B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
projectile
powder
combustion
chamber
propulsion
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP20090290837
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2192376A1 (de
Inventor
Nicolas Caillaut
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nexter Munitions SA
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Nexter Munitions SA
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Publication date
Application filed by Nexter Munitions SA filed Critical Nexter Munitions SA
Priority to PL09290837T priority Critical patent/PL2192376T3/pl
Publication of EP2192376A1 publication Critical patent/EP2192376A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2192376B1 publication Critical patent/EP2192376B1/de
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C19/00—Details of fuzes
    • F42C19/08—Primers; Detonators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C19/00—Details of fuzes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a propellant cartridge of a large caliber projectile.
  • the invention aims as an application the propulsion of so-called ALR projectiles (A reduced lethality).
  • the reduced lethal projectiles have a reduced mass in order to limit the effects of shocks on the crowds. They are pulled at low speed and are also made with light materials, for example plastic.
  • caliber means here a caliber greater than or equal to 90mm.
  • They are generally formed by an ignition system for igniting a propellant powder disposed in a combustion chamber, the pressure thus generated in the combustion chamber causing the propulsion of the projectile in the barrel of the weapon, then its ejection.
  • the volume of the combustion chamber varies as the projectile progresses in the tube of the weapon, the base of the projectile forming a front wall of the combustion chamber.
  • the amount of powder initially introduced into the combustion chamber to ensure safe propulsion of the large caliber projectile may actually be insufficient to achieve the desired result.
  • the known devices for propelling a large caliber projectile thus tend to either add more powder to eject a projectile with a minimum speed, compatible with the safety requirements, or to intervene directly on the definition of the propellant powder ( geometry, thermodynamic characteristics) to increase the volume of gas generated.
  • the output speed of the projectile is low (of the order of a few hundred meters per second), which is incompatible with the use of an excess amount of propellant powder.
  • ALR munition for a large caliber weapon requires low speed performance. It therefore involves small amounts of propellant powder while the volume of the chamber of the weapon is important. This therefore entails the risk of obtaining unburned powder in the chamber of the weapon, because there is then a difficulty in achieving an optimal combustion rate of the powder because of insufficient containment for the latter.
  • the output speed of the projectile of the propulsion device must be controlled, which is not possible with an existing large-caliber propulsion device. It does not control the amount of unburnt, because of the large volume of the combustion chamber.
  • this effect would be reinforced by the use of a small amount of powder in a known large-caliber propulsion device. This would only increase the uncertainty about the amount of unburnt, thereby increasing the uncertainty about the exit velocity of the projectile. For example, for a reduced lethal projectile of 90mm caliber (mass of the order of 2 to 3 kg), it is necessary to consider a quantity of powder 5 to 20 times less important than to propel a conventional projectile 90 mm.
  • the length of the propulsion device on which the projectile is likely to move before being ejected is of the order of 4 meters; and this length increases with increasing size.
  • the documents D1 and D2 use a first chamber, of reduced volume, containing the propellant powder and in which the combustion takes place; a second chamber where the gases from the combustion can relax and a gas passage between the two chambers.
  • the first chamber is called the high pressure chamber
  • the second chamber is called a low pressure chamber.
  • the amount of powder introduced into the high pressure chamber is low to obtain an equally low ejection velocity of the combustion gases.
  • the reduced volume of the high pressure chamber can limit or even avoid the presence of unburnt.
  • the choice of the section of the passage orifice between the two chambers makes it possible to control the flow rate of combustion gas passing through the low pressure chamber.
  • the propulsion devices of a large caliber projectile have a long weapon tube, in which the projectile is guided to the exit.
  • the barrel of the weapon can reach a length of 4 meters.
  • the tube of small arms systems is much shorter.
  • the powders used in documents D1 or D2 are bright powders whose rapid combustion would not be suitable (with the two-chamber propulsion device structure described by D1 and D2) to a safe ejection of a large caliber, that is to say an ejection without blockage of the projectile in the tube of the weapon.
  • the invention thus aims to provide a propellant cartridge of a large caliber projectile, able to propel projectiles for an application ALR safely.
  • the invention aims to provide a propellant cartridge of a large caliber projectile to ensure effective output of the projectile of the barrel of the weapon, at a speed of output at a time low, it is ie not exceeding a few hundred meters per second, and mastered.
  • the firing device is constituted by a weapon comprising a tube 21 intended to fire a projectile 22, and a propellant cartridge 20 housed in a chamber 23 of the weapon connected to the tube 21.
  • a weapon structure is classic and it is not necessary to describe it in more detail.
  • the propellant cartridge 20 comprises a rear chamber 1, an intermediate chamber 2, a low pressure chamber 3 within which the projectile 22 is disposed and an orifice 13 of predetermined section. for the passage of gases from the intermediate chamber 2 to the low pressure chamber 3.
  • the rear chamber 1 comprises an ignition tube 5 around which is disposed a propellant powder 6.
  • This propellant powder 6 may be formed of cylindrical grains.
  • the outer diameter of these grains may for example be of the order of 5 mm.
  • the ignition tube 5 has orifices 51 disposed along its length and on its periphery which allow the ignition gases to pass in the direction of the propellant powder 6, originating from an ignition system 9 arranged at the base of the ignition tube 5.
  • the rear chamber 1 has means to ensure complete combustion of the propellant powder 6.
  • reduced volume V 1 comprises means for confining the propellant powder 6 in a reduced volume V 1 , corresponding approximately to the difference between the volume of the rear chamber 1 and that of the ignition tube 5.
  • reduced volume V 1 is 0.4 liter for a caliber of 90mm (this volume could be different for a different projectile mass).
  • the confinement means of the rear chamber 1 comprise a first confinement means 12 and a second confinement means 7.
  • the means 12 makes it possible to confine the powder 6 in the volume V 1 of the rear chamber 1 while allowing the gases coming from the combustion of the powder 6 to pass through vents 8 of the rear chamber 1.
  • the means 12 may be a grid, for example metallic, having a mesh size smaller than the grain size of the propellant powder 6.
  • the grains of the propellant powder 6 are cylindrical and have, before any combustion, a dimension of the order 5mm, we can provide a grid 12 whose mesh size is of the order of 2mm.
  • a progressive combustion powder will be selected.
  • Such a powder is formed of cylindrical grains pierced with several holes, which leads to an increase in the combustion surface over time, and therefore to an increase in the volume of gas generated.
  • a single base, 19-hole powder can be used, conventionally used in large caliber weapon systems.
  • Such a powder characteristic makes it possible to ensure a progressive increase in the pressure communicated to the projectile.
  • the confinement means 7 makes it possible to have a solid, totally closed structure encompassing both the grid 12 and the propellant powder 6.
  • the confinement means 7 make it possible to confine both the propellant powder 6 and the gases produced by the combustion of the powder 6 to a certain value of temperature and / or pressure within the rear chamber 1.
  • the confinement means 7 breaks and thus allows the combustion gases to pass through the gate 12 and the vents 8, towards the intermediate chamber 2.
  • vents 8 are here arranged on the circumference of the rear chamber 1, and also at the end thereof.
  • the vents 8 are sized to facilitate the evacuation of the combustion gases and thus prevent the destruction of the rear chamber 1.
  • vents The exact dimensioning of the vents will depend on the performance of the non-lethal system itself (projectile mass, projectile velocity) as well as the combustion characteristics of the propellant powder used. The skilled person will easily size these different parameters from the modeling tools available to him.
  • the gate 12 allows the combustion gases to pass, but prevents the grains of propellant powder 6 whose dimensions exceed the mesh size of the grid 12, from passing to the intermediate chamber 2.
  • the propellant powder 6 remains confined in a reduced volume, defined by the volume V 1 , for a good part of its combustion.
  • the containment means 7 is completed by a setting disc 10 disposed around the ignition tube 5 and against a wall 11 of the rear chamber 1.
  • the setting disc 10 is not intended to break, and is intended to provide a background to the volume V 1 in which the propellant powder 6 is arranged.
  • This setting disc 10 may for example be made of polystyrene, felt or cardboard.
  • the intermediate chamber 2 has a predetermined constant volume V 2 .
  • the volume V 2 is 0.9 liter (90mm gauge).
  • volume V 2 of the intermediate chamber 2 is constant, and low in comparison with the volume V 3 of the low pressure chamber 3, allows a rapid rise in pressure in this intermediate chamber 2 at a pressure level contributing to the good combustion of the powder grains present in the rear chamber 1.
  • the low pressure chamber 3 has a variable volume V 3 . Indeed, the base of the projectile 22 intended to move towards the outlet of the tube 21 itself defines a wall of this chamber 3.
  • the initial volume of the low pressure chamber is 3 liters (90mm gauge). This volume increases as the projectile 22 progresses in the tube of the weapon 21.
  • the orifice 13 may be formed by a tube or a nozzle. It makes it possible to regulate the flow of combustion gas passing from the intermediate chamber 2 to the low pressure chamber 3. The flow of gas introduced into the low pressure chamber 3 is thus perfectly regulated by the size of the orifice 13.
  • the rise in pressure is thus relatively progressive until it reaches a level sufficient to move the projectile within the tube 21 of the device.
  • the pressure level in the low pressure chamber 3 decreases in a slow manner and remains regulated by the flow of combustion gas entering the chamber 3, so that the thrust of the projectile is progressive.
  • the orifice 13 may in particular be dimensioned so as to provide a flow of gas at least partially offsetting the pressure drop associated with the increase in the volume of the low pressure chamber 3. In such a case, this means that after the pressure increase phase, the pressure at the base of the projectile 22 remains sufficiently high during most of the course of the projectile 22 in the tube 21 of the weapon.
  • the pressure drop is approximately 47% at the end.
  • a meter of travel of the projectile 22 in the tube 21 of the weapon (passage of the pressure of 8.5 MPa to 4.5 MPa) and it is more than 76% at the exit of the tube 21 (after a 4m course of the projectile in the tube of the weapon).
  • the pressure drop is only 25% after one meter of travel of the projectile 22 in the tube 21 of the weapon (pressure change from 8MPa to 6MPa ) and it is 65% at the exit of the tube 21 of the weapon.
  • This progressivity is adjustable by adjusting the diameter of the orifice 13.
  • the entire device will be dimensioned so that the powder is completely burned when the projectile leaves the tube.
  • the peak pressure obtained would be of the order of 12 MPa while it is only 8 MPa with the device according to the invention.
  • the invention thus also makes it possible to reduce the shocks received by the projectile, which makes it possible to fire ALR projectiles made of materials with reduced mechanical characteristics, such as plastics.
  • the ignition system 9 is initiated by an appropriate means integral with the weapon (according to the structure of the ignition system 9, a percussion means or electrical contact means will be used), the ignition gases are then directed by the ignition tube 5 to the propellant powder 6 via the orifices 51 of the ignition tube 5.
  • the propellant powder 6 is then initiated, and the confinement obtained by the confinement means 7, 10, 12 ensures a good combustion of the propellant powder 6.
  • the confinement means 7 then gives under the effect of the temperature and / or the pressure of the gases resulting from the combustion of the propellant powder 6, passing them to the intermediate chamber 2 through the vents 8 of the chamber back 1.
  • the grains of powder which have a size smaller than the mesh size of the grid 12 remain confined in the rear chamber 1.
  • the combustion gases are directed to the low pressure chamber 3 via the orifice 13, at a rate regulated by the section of this orifice.
  • the pressure in the low pressure chamber 3 increases until it is sufficient to move the projectile 22.
  • the projectile 22 then begins to move in the tube 21, and its displacement is progressive under the effect of the gases which continue to enter at a regulated flow rate into the low pressure chamber 3 until the ejection of the projectile 22 is effective.

Claims (8)

  1. Antriebseinsatz eines Projektils (22) mit dem Kaliber von zumindest 90 mm, der aufweist:
    zumindest eine hinter Kammer (1) mit einer Zündeinrichtung (5, 9) für ein Antriebspulver (6),
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    dass die hintere Kammer (1) ebenfalls eine Einrichtung (12) aufweist, um das Pulver in der hinteren Kammer (1) einzuschließen, während die aus der Verbrennung des Pulvers (6) stammende Gase durch Abzüge (8) der hinteren Kammer (1) herausgelassen werden,
    dass der Einsatz aufweist:
    eine Zwischenkammer (2) mit konstantem Volumen, die mit der hinteren Kammer (1) durch die Abzüge (8) in Verbindung steht,
    eine Niederdruckkammer (3), die eine Antriebskammer des Projektils (22) bildet und mit der Zwischenkammer (2) durch eine Öffnung (13) mit vorbestimmtem Querschnitt in Verbindung steht.
  2. Antriebseinsatz eines Projektils (22) mit dem Kaliber von zumindest 90 mm nach Anspruch 1, bei dem die Einrichtung (12) zum Einschließen des Pulvers (6) in der hinteren Kammer (1), während die aus der Verbrennung des Pulvers (6) stammenden Gase durch die Abzüge (8) der hinteren Kammer (1) herausgelassen werden, ein Gitter (12) aufweist, dessen Lochgröße kleiner als die Abmessung eines Korns des Pulvers (6) vor der Verbrennung ist.
  3. Antriebseinsatz eines Projektils (22) mit dem Kaliber von zumindest 90 mm nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die hintere Kammer (1) eine Einrichtung (7) zum Einschließen des Pulvers (6) und der Verbrennungsgase, die aus der Verbrennung des Pulvers (6) stammen, in der hinteren Kammer (1) bei einer ersten Verbrennungsphase aufweist, wobei die Einrichtung (7) in einer zweiten Verbrennungsphase in der Lage ist, unter der Wirkung von Temperatur und/oder Druck nachzugeben.
  4. Antriebseinsatz eines Projektils mit dem Kaliber von zumindest 90 mm nach dem vorhergehenden Anspruch, wobei die Einrichtung (7) durch ein dünnes Blatt aus Metall oder einer Metalllegierung, beispielweise Zinn, gebildet ist.
  5. Antriebseinsatz eines Projektils mit dem Kaliber von zumindest 90 mm nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Zündeinrichtung (5, 9) ein Zündrohr (5), um das das Pulver (6) herum angeordnet ist, und ein Zündsystem (9) aufweist, beispielsweise vom Typ Prallzünder oder Zünder mit Beginn durch kapazitive Entladung, das sich an der Basis des Zündrohrs (5) befindet.
  6. Antriebseinsatz eines Projektils mit dem Kaliber von zumindest 90 mm nach dem vorhergehenden Anspruch, wobei in diesem eine Stützscheibe (10), beispielsweise aus Polystyrol, Filz oder Karton vorgesehen ist, die sich um das Zündrohr (5) herum und gegen eine Wand (11) der hinteren Kammer (1) befindet, um das Antriebspulver (6) in der hinteren Kammer (1) zu stützen.
  7. Antriebseinsatz eines Projektils mit dem Kaliber von zumindest 90 mm nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Öffnung (13) mit vorbestimmtem Querschnitt von einer Düse oder einem Rohr gebildet ist.
  8. Antriebseinsatz eines Projektils mit dem Kaliber von zumindest 90 mm nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei das Antriebspulver (6) ein Pulver mit fortschreitender Verbrennung ist.
EP20090290837 2008-11-27 2009-11-04 Antriebsvorrichtung mit regulierter Progressivität Active EP2192376B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL09290837T PL2192376T3 (pl) 2008-11-27 2009-11-04 Urządzenie napędowe z regulowanym włączaniem

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0806667A FR2938907B1 (fr) 2008-11-27 2008-11-27 Dispositif propulsif a progressivite regulee.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2192376A1 EP2192376A1 (de) 2010-06-02
EP2192376B1 true EP2192376B1 (de) 2015-04-22

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EP20090290837 Active EP2192376B1 (de) 2008-11-27 2009-11-04 Antriebsvorrichtung mit regulierter Progressivität

Country Status (4)

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EP (1) EP2192376B1 (de)
ES (1) ES2540104T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2938907B1 (de)
PL (1) PL2192376T3 (de)

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2995088A (en) * 1959-06-29 1961-08-08 Bermite Powder Company Multi-stage igniter charge
DE19944377B4 (de) * 1999-09-16 2006-08-31 Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh Patrone
SE0302916D0 (sv) * 2003-11-04 2003-11-04 Comtri Teknik Ab Utbytbar drivpatron
US7287475B2 (en) * 2006-01-03 2007-10-30 Combined Systems, Inc. Reloadable non-lethal training cartridge

Also Published As

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FR2938907B1 (fr) 2013-12-13
EP2192376A1 (de) 2010-06-02
ES2540104T3 (es) 2015-07-08
PL2192376T3 (pl) 2015-09-30
FR2938907A1 (fr) 2010-05-28

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